| Preface |
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xxi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxix | |
| A Word About Diversity Language |
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xxxi | |
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PART I FOUNDATIONS OF CORRECTIONS |
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1 | (94) |
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Chapter 1 Early History of Punishment and the Development of Prisons in the United States |
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3 | (32) |
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Prisoner Number One at Eastern State Penitentiary |
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4 | (1) |
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Defining Corrections: A Variety of Possibilities |
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4 | (1) |
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The Role of Corrections in the Criminal Justice System |
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5 | (2) |
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The Notion of Punishment and Corrections Throughout History |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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Babylonian and Sumerian Codes |
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7 | (1) |
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Roman Law and Punishment and Their impact on Early English Punishment |
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8 | (1) |
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Early Historical Role of Religion, Punishment, and Corrections |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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Early Secular History of Punishment and Corrections |
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9 | (1) |
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Public and Private Wrongs |
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10 | (1) |
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Retaliation Through Humiliation |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Hulks and Floating Prisons |
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13 | (1) |
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The Enlightenment and Correctional Reform |
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14 | (1) |
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William Penn, the Quakers, and the Great Law |
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14 | (1) |
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Charles Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Cesare Beccaria |
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14 | (1) |
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John Howard: The Making of the Penitentiary |
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15 | (1) |
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Jeremy Bentham: Hedonistic Calculus |
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16 | (1) |
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Punishment During Early American History: 1700s--1800s |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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Two American Prototypes in Conflict |
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21 | (1) |
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The Southern System of Penology: Before and After the Civil War |
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22 | (1) |
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The Chain Gang and the South |
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23 | (1) |
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The Western System of Penology |
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23 | (2) |
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The Age of the Reformatory in America |
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25 | (1) |
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Prisons in America: 1900s to the End of World War II |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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The Arkansas System: Worst of the Worst |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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The Era of the "Big House" |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Modern-Day Systems: Federal and State Inmate Characteristics |
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28 | (2) |
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The Emergence of the Top Three in Corrections |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Ideological and Theoretical Underpinnings to Sentencing and Correctional Policy |
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35 | (26) |
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Doing Time & Choosing Yourself |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Philosophical Underpinnings |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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The Continuum of Sanctions |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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Probation and Intermediate Sanctions |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Mandatory Minimum Sentences |
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47 | (1) |
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Sentencing Has Become More Indeterminate in Nature |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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Smarter Sentencing Act: Sentence Leniency to Relieve Disparities |
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49 | (2) |
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Criminological Theories and Corrections |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Classical Theory and Behavioral Psychology |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Reinforcers and Punishments |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Labeling and Social Reaction |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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Social Justice and Correctional Ethics |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Correctional Law and Legal Liabilities |
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61 | (34) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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The Beginning of Judicial Involvement |
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64 | (1) |
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The Emergence of Inmate Rights |
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65 | (1) |
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Access to Courts and Attorneys |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Corrections and the Constitution |
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67 | (1) |
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First Amendment Cases in Corrections |
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67 | (3) |
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Fourth Amendment Cases in Corrections |
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70 | (1) |
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Eighth Amendment Cases in Corrections |
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71 | (3) |
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Fourteenth Amendment Cases in Corrections |
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74 | (2) |
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A Restrained Hands-On Perspective and Court Deference to Prisons |
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76 | (1) |
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The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 |
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76 | (2) |
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Emergent Supreme Court Case Law |
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78 | (1) |
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Legal Issues with the COVID-19 Pandemic |
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79 | (1) |
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State and Federal Legal Liabilities |
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79 | (1) |
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State Levels of Liability |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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Liability Under Section 1983 Federal Lawsuits |
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83 | (1) |
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Forms of Immunity and Types of Defenses |
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84 | (1) |
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Indemnification and Representation |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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Compliance With Judicial Orders |
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86 | (1) |
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Injunctions and Court-Imposed Remedies |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (4) |
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PART II CORRECTIONAL PRACTICES |
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95 | (460) |
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Chapter 4 Jail and Detention Facilities |
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97 | (32) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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The COVID-19 Pandemic and Jail Systems |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Metropolitan Jail Systems |
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104 | (2) |
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Podular Direct-Supervision Jails |
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106 | (1) |
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Innovations in Jail Operations |
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106 | (2) |
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Jails as Short-Term Institutions |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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Issues With Booking Female Inmates |
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110 | (1) |
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Information Technology and Integration |
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110 | (1) |
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Jails as Long-Term Facilities |
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111 | (1) |
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Local Jails That House State Inmates |
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112 | (2) |
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Jails as Overflow Facilities: For a Fee |
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114 | (1) |
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Jail Overcrowding and the Matrix Classification System |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Medical Staff in Jails and the COVID-19 Pandemic |
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115 | (1) |
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Clinics, Sick Call, and Standards of Care |
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116 | (1) |
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The Lifestyle of Offenders Inside and Outside |
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116 | (1) |
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Communicable Diseases in Jails |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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Language, Ethnic Diversity, and the Selection of Staff |
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118 | (1) |
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Challenges Faced by Female Staff |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Specialized Types of Jail Sentences |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Shock Incarceration/Split Sentences |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Substance-Abusing Offenders in Jails |
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121 | (2) |
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Mental Health Issues in Jails |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (30) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Probation |
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131 | (3) |
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Contemporary Probation: When the Jail Is Full |
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134 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Probationers |
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135 | (3) |
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Reasons for the Declines in Probation Population |
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138 | (1) |
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The Administration of Probation |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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The Presentence Investigation |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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Demographics of Probation Officers: Gender |
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145 | (1) |
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Demographics of Probation Officers: Race |
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145 | (1) |
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Demographics of Probation Officers: Education |
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146 | (1) |
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Tasks and Nature of Work for Probation Officers |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services |
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148 | (2) |
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Qualifications for Probation Officers |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Court Decisions on Revocation |
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154 | (1) |
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Common Reasons for Revocation |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Intermediate Sanctions |
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159 | (26) |
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Parenting While on Probation |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Types of Intermediate Sanctions |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Intensive Supervision Probation |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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Global Positioning Systems |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (3) |
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Methods of Ensuring Compliance |
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173 | (1) |
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Detecting Drug Use Among Offenders |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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Intermediate Sanctions in Different States |
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175 | (1) |
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Kansas: Home Surveillance Program |
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175 | (2) |
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Missouri: A Control and Intervention Strategy for Technical Parole Violators |
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177 | (1) |
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Tennessee: GPS Tracking of Sex Offenders |
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178 | (2) |
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Contemporary Findings for Structured Sanctions |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Applied Exercise Case Scenarios |
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183 | (1) |
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Applied Exercise Intermediate Sanction Choices |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Facility Design to Meet Security and Programming Needs |
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185 | (32) |
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The Challenges of Design and Security |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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Prison Facility Designs Throughout History |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Minimum-Security Prison Design (Modern) |
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191 | (1) |
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Medium-Security Prison Design (Modern! |
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191 | (1) |
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Maximum-Security Prison Design (Modern) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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USP Marion: The Protege of Alcatraz |
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193 | (1) |
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States Utilize the Marion Model |
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193 | (1) |
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USP Florence ADMAX: "The Alcatraz of the Rockies" |
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194 | (1) |
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Constitutional Issues With Confinement in Supermax Custody |
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195 | (1) |
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Accommodations for Inmates With Disabilities |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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Innovative Security Designs |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Compassionate Prison Design |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (3) |
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Avoiding Blind Spots in Correctional Facilities |
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206 | (1) |
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Prison Design and Lessons Learned From the Pandemic |
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206 | (1) |
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Auxiliary Services and Physical Security |
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207 | (1) |
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Kitchen Services and Facilities |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Food Service Facilities and Equipment |
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209 | (1) |
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Food Supplies and Storage |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Technology Systems in Prisons |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Classification and Custody Levels |
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217 | (32) |
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Reclassification of a Gang Member |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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History of Classification |
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219 | (2) |
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Modern Classification Systems |
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221 | (1) |
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Rationale for Classification |
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222 | (2) |
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The Goals of Classification Systems |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Provide Planning and Accountability |
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225 | (1) |
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Elements of All Classification Systems |
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225 | (1) |
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Security and Custody Issues |
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226 | (2) |
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Initial Security Classification |
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228 | (2) |
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Inmate Needs, Services, and Housing and the Classification Team |
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230 | (5) |
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Reclassification Processes |
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235 | (1) |
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Special Housing Assignments |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Administrative Segregation |
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237 | (2) |
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Specialized Offender Categories |
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239 | (1) |
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Substance Abuse Issues, Assessment, and Classification |
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240 | (2) |
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The Importance of Classification |
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242 | (1) |
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Screening and Placement Criteria |
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242 | (2) |
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Linking Prison Classification, Risk Assessment, Release Decisions, and Reentry Programming |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Prison Subculture and Prison Gang Influence |
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249 | (40) |
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The Gang Is My Family; The Gang Is My Purpose |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Theories of Prison Subculture |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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Indigenous Prison Culture and Exportation Theory |
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252 | (1) |
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The Inmate Subculture of Modern Times |
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253 | (1) |
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The Convict Code and Snitching |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 |
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255 | (3) |
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The Strong, Silent Type and the Use of Slang |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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The Con and the Never-Ending Hustle |
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261 | (1) |
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The Impact of the Inmate Subculture on Corrections Staff |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (3) |
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Female Correctional Officers |
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267 | (1) |
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The Impact of Gangs Upon Prison Subculture |
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268 | (1) |
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The Impact of Cross-Pollination: Reciprocal Relationships Between Street Gangs and Prison Gangs |
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269 | (3) |
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Major Prison Gangs in the United States |
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272 | (5) |
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Gang Management in Corrections |
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277 | (2) |
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Gang Control, Management, and Administrative Segregation |
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279 | (1) |
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Leaving the Prison Gang: Prerelease, Postrelease, & Reentry Programs |
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279 | (4) |
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Social Justice, Reentry, and Relations in Minority Communities |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 Immigration Detention Centers |
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289 | (32) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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A History of Competing & Contradictory Objectives to Immigration Control |
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291 | (1) |
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Current Organization & Implementation of Immigration Control |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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The Structure of the ERO and Detention Facilities |
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295 | (4) |
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The ERO Classification System |
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299 | (2) |
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Jails and Immigration Detention |
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301 | (2) |
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Alternatives to Detention (ATD] Program: A Form of ICE Community Supervision |
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303 | (1) |
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Budgeting for ICE: Notable Concerns |
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304 | (2) |
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Lobbying and Big Money for Private Prison Companies |
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306 | (2) |
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ICE Efforts to Address COVID-19 in Detention Facilities |
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308 | (1) |
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Civil Rights Violations in Immigration Detention Facilities |
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309 | (2) |
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Detention Facility Housing Conditions |
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311 | (1) |
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Failure to Uphold Legal Requirements |
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312 | (4) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Female Offenders in Correctional Systems |
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321 | (36) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
|
Female Offenders Behind Bars: A Detailed Look at Percentages and Rates |
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323 | (1) |
|
Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
History of Women Behind Bars |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
The Work of Elizabeth Fry |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Female Criminality From 1850 Onward |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
The Evolution of Separate Custodial Prisons for Women and Further Evidence of the Chivalry Hypothesis |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
Racial-Ethnic Minority Female Offenders Compared With White Female Offenders in U.S. History |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Women's Reformatories in the Early 20th Century: A Feminist Perspective |
|
|
330 | (2) |
|
Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
The Female Inmate Subculture and Coping in Prison |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
Considerations for Female Offenders |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Physical and Sexual Abuse |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Sex Industry Activity and Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
Gynecological and Reproductive Health |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Health Care Needs of Female Offenders: Minimal Provisions |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
Female Offenders as Mothers |
|
|
341 | (2) |
|
Conditions of Care for Female Offenders |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Guiding Principles to Improve Services for Female Offenders |
|
|
343 | (3) |
|
The Need for Case Management With Female Offenders |
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 Revisited |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
Female Offenders and Treatment Implications |
|
|
350 | (3) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Chapter 12 Specialized Inmate Populations |
|
|
357 | (42) |
|
Nae-Nae, a Transgender Woman Behind Bars |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Administrative Considerations |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Access to Program Activities and Availability |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Separate Care or Inclusion in General Population |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Special Facilities and Housing Accommodations |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Special Facilities and Support |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Prison Subculture and Offenders With Special Needs |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
Case Management for Offenders With Special Needs |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Offenders With Disabilities |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
Accessibility of Programs and Services |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Offenders With Mental Illness |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
Access to Care: The Four Standards of Mental Health Care |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Screening, Treatment, and Medication |
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
Beyond Screening: Mental Health Assessment |
|
|
370 | (3) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Legal Requirements, Transfers, and Involuntary Commitment for Psychiatric Treatment |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Impact of Institutionalization on Mental Health |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Assessment and Classification |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Basic Sex Offender Management |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Staff Issues With the Sex Offender Population in Prison |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Sex Offenders |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
The Good Lives Model of Sex Offender Treatment |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Criminogenic Needs and the Good Life Plan |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Prison Subcultural Reactions and Treatment |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
HIV/AIDS-Related Offenders |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
Inmate Medical Care and HIV/AIDS |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Improvements in Medical Services for Inmates With HIV/AIDS |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Rights to Privacy and Inmate Subcultural Views |
|
|
383 | (4) |
|
HIV/AIDS and Custodial Staff Safety |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
Using Case Management With Offenders Who Have HIV/AIDS |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Legal Liabilities for Staff |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Safety, Security, and Assistance for LGBTQIA+ Inmates |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Classification of Older Offenders |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
First-Time Older Offenders |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Offenders-Turned-Older-in-Prison |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Health Care Services and Costs |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
Chapter 13 Juvenile Correctional Systems |
|
|
399 | (34) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
History of Juvenile Corrections |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Evolution of Juvenile Corrections in the United States |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System |
|
|
404 | (3) |
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Process Involved With Juveniles in Custody |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Screening and Classification of Juvenile Offenders |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
Commonality of Juvenile as Victim of Prior Abuse |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
Female Juveniles in Custody |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Lifestyle, Peer Groups, and Youth Subculture |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Detention Versus Incarceration |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Juvenile Waiver for Serious Juvenile Offenders |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Incarceration of Juveniles |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Secure Correctional Facilities and Youth |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Private Juvenile Detention Facilities |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
Disparate Minority Confinement IDMC) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Current Status of DMC Juvenile Detention and Incarceration |
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
The PREA and Juvenile Facility Standards |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Case Management, the Wraparound Model, Reentry Services, and Social Justice |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Chapter 14 Correctional Administration |
|
|
433 | (42) |
|
Sexual Harassment and Prison Culture |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Federal Bureau of Prisons Administration |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Regional Offices and Jurisdictions |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Correctional System Administration |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Levels of Prison Management |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
System-Wide Administrators |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Institutional-Level Administrators |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Proactive Correctional Management |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Authoritarian Forms of Management |
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
Bureaucratic Forms of Management |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
The Participative Method of Management |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Centralized Versus Decentralized Management |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Management Versus Leadership |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Experience, Intelligence, and Emotional Intelligence in Leadership |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Internal and External Stakeholders |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Leadership and the Custodial Staff (What Gets Respect) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Span of Control and/or Influence |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Women in Correctional Management |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Challenges to Upward Mobility |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
The Corrections Workforce |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Racial and Cultural Diversity |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Correctional Employee Wellness |
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
Stressors Unique to Supervisors and Female Correctional Personnel |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Wellness Programs in Correctional Agencies |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
The Employee Assistance Program IEAP] |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
Peer-Based Crisis Support Programs |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Professionalization of Corrections |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Professionalization of Correctional Officers and the Convict Code |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Creating and Leading Change in Correctional Agencies |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Stage 2 Define Goals and Objectives |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Stage 3 Organize the Results |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Stage 4 Plan Implementation |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Stage 5 Implement Change Management Plan |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Stage 6 Sustain the Change |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
Administrative Cooperation With Outside Agencies |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
Chapter 15 Prison Programming |
|
|
475 | (46) |
|
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
History of Prison Health Care |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Deliberate Indifference Revisited |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Medical Services for Female Inmates |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Birth Control and Pregnancy |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
COVID-19 and Prison Health Care Systems |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
Sick Call During COVID-19 |
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
The Quality of Food as Leverage for Social Control |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Programming |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Educational Programs Throughout History |
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
Types of Education Programs in Corrections |
|
|
488 | (3) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Connecting Education and Reentry |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Inmate Labor Throughout History |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
The History of Inmate Labor in a Model Program: UNICOR |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
Other Prison Work Programs |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
The Texas Prison Industry---Texas Correctional Industries |
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
The Therapeutic Community |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
The Benefits of Substance Abuse Treatment in Corrections |
|
|
501 | (4) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
Recreational Programs: Benefits as Tools for Rehabilitation |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
History of Religion in Corrections |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Religious Diets and Holy Days |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Chaplain Functions and the ACCA |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
Are Inmates Really Motivated by Religion? |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
Chapter 16 Parole, Reentry, and Case Management |
|
|
521 | (34) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Parole and Parolee Characteristics |
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
The Beginning History of Parole |
|
|
526 | (2) |
|
|
|
528 | (3) |
|
History of Federal Parole and Supervised Release |
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
Parole at the State Level |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
The Granting of Parole in State Systems |
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
Parole as the Correctional Release Valve for Prisons |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
The Role of Institutional Parole Officers |
|
|
536 | (5) |
|
Common Conditions of Parole |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Case Management in Reentry Services |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
Interagency Case Management: Case Management in the Community |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
Principles of Case Management |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Reentry Councils, Specialized Populations, and Social Justice |
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
Returning Incarcerated Minorities |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Reentering LGBTQIA+ Individuals |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Reentry, Social Justice, and Marginalized Populations |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Offenders Who Become Homeless |
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
Violations of Parole, Parole Warrants, and Parole Revocation Proceedings |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (2) |
|
PART III ISSUES AND TRENDS IN CORRECTIONS |
|
|
555 | (68) |
|
Chapter 17 The Death Penalty |
|
|
557 | (34) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Constitutionality of the Death Penalty |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Constitutional Limits on the Death Penalty |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Key U.S. Supreme Court Decisions |
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
|
|
562 | (4) |
|
An Analysis of Persons on Death Row |
|
|
566 | (3) |
|
Race of Offender and Victim in Death Penalty Cases |
|
|
569 | (3) |
|
Federal Death Penalty and Death Row |
|
|
572 | (3) |
|
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Execution by Lethal Injection |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
Execution by Electrocution |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Arguments For and Against the Death Penalty |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (3) |
|
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
Correctional Aspects of the Death Penalty |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
When Procedure Outweighs Justice |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
Chapter 18 Program Evaluation, Evidence-Based Practices, and Future Trends in Corrections |
|
|
591 | (32) |
|
Research-Based Funding Decisions for Rehabilitation in Thailand |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Implementation Evaluation |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
Meeting Physical and Safety Needs Reduces Work for Correctional Staff |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
The Importance of Programs in Meeting Offender Needs |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
Program Quality and Staffing Quality |
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
Feedback Loops and Continual Improvement |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
Community Harm With Ineffective Programs, Separating Politics From Science in the Evaluative Process |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Research Evaluation for Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Practice |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
The Justice Reinvestment Initiative: Redirecting Correctional Practice Through Data-Driven Assessment and Evaluation |
|
|
605 | (2) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Analyze Data, Identify Drivers, and Research Best Practices |
|
|
607 | (3) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
The Future of Corrections |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
A Continued Emphasis on Reentry---Until the Backlash Pendulum Swings the Other Direction |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Privatization in Corrections |
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
Increased Use of Technology |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
Standards and Accreditation |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
An Emphasis on Diversity and Cultural Competence Will Continue to Be Important |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
An Emphasis Will Be Placed on Employment Programs |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
Processing of Older Offenders Will Be Shifted to Community Supervision Schemes |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
Official News Sources, Social Media, and Correctional Operations |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (4) |
| Glossary |
|
623 | (10) |
| References |
|
633 | (16) |
| Index |
|
649 | |
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