Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
Author |
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xvii | |
Introduction |
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xix | |
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Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts |
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1 | (34) |
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1 | (5) |
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6 | (2) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (16) |
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1.3.1 Time-Independent Fluids |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Time-Dependent Fluids |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Viscoelastic Fluids |
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10 | (5) |
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1.3.4 Kinematic Viscosity |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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1.3.10 Compressibility Factor/Bulk Modulus |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (10) |
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26 | (6) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (70) |
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2.1 Pressure and Pressure Measurement |
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35 | (13) |
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2.2 Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Plane Surfaces |
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48 | (8) |
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2.3 Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Curved Surfaces |
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56 | (9) |
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2.4 Equilibrium of Accelerating Fluids |
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65 | (6) |
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2.5 Forces on Submerged Bodies |
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71 | (4) |
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2.6 Stability of Submerged and Floating Bodies |
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75 | (5) |
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80 | (25) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (25) |
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Chapter 3 Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics |
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105 | (62) |
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105 | (2) |
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3.2 Control Volume Approach |
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107 | (3) |
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110 | (7) |
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117 | (10) |
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3.4.1 Linear Momentum Equation |
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117 | (10) |
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127 | (6) |
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133 | (12) |
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145 | (22) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (21) |
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Chapter 4 Dimensional Analysis and Dynamic Similitude |
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167 | (34) |
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4.1 Dimensional Homogeneity and Analysis |
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167 | (8) |
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168 | (5) |
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4.1.2 Buckingham pi Method |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (2) |
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4.2.1 Flow in a Pipe or Conduit |
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175 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Flow over Immersed Bodies |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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4.3 Dimensional Analysis by Inspection |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (8) |
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4.4.1 Geometric Similarity |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (4) |
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4.5 Correlation of Experimental Data |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (11) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (11) |
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Chapter 5 Flow in Closed Conduits |
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201 | (72) |
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5.1 Laminar and Turbulent Flows |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (4) |
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205 | (2) |
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5.3 Pipe Dimensions and Specifications |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (4) |
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5.5 Friction Factor and Pipe Roughness |
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212 | (5) |
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5.6 Simple Piping Systems |
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217 | (7) |
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224 | (8) |
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5.7.1 Flow through Noncircular Cross Sections |
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225 | (4) |
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5.7.2 Flow through an Annulus |
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229 | (3) |
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5.7.3 Miscellaneous Geometries |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (18) |
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250 | (4) |
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5.10 Pumps and Piping Systems |
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254 | (4) |
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258 | (15) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (15) |
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Chapter 6 Flow over Immersed Bodies |
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273 | (56) |
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6.1 Flow Past a Flat Plate |
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273 | (6) |
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6.1.1 Boundary Layer Growth |
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273 | (5) |
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278 | (1) |
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6.2 Flow Past Various Two-Dimensional Bodies |
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279 | (9) |
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6.3 Flow Past Various Three-Dimensional Bodies |
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288 | (4) |
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6.4 Applications to Ground Vehicles |
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292 | (14) |
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6.4.1 Bicycle-Rider Combinations |
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293 | (4) |
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297 | (5) |
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6.4.3 Tractor-Trailer Trucks |
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302 | (4) |
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306 | (6) |
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312 | (17) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (16) |
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Chapter 7 Flow in Open Channels |
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329 | (52) |
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7.1 Types of Open-Channel Flows |
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329 | (1) |
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7.2 Open-Channel Geometry Factors |
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330 | (3) |
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7.3 Energy Considerations in Open-Channel Flows |
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333 | (6) |
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7.3.1 Flow through a Venturi Flume |
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333 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Flow under a Sluice Gate |
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334 | (5) |
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7.4 Critical Flow Calculations |
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339 | (4) |
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7.5 Equations for Uniform Open-Channel Flows |
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343 | (11) |
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7.5.1 Laminar Open-Channel Flow |
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343 | (4) |
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7.5.2 Reynolds Number and Transition |
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347 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Turbulent Open-Channel Flow |
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348 | (6) |
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7.6 Hydraulically Optimum Cross Section |
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354 | (2) |
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7.7 Nonuniform Open-Channel Flow |
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356 | (17) |
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7.7.1 Gradually Varied Flow |
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356 | (12) |
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7.7.2 Rapidly Varied Flow |
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368 | (5) |
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373 | (8) |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (8) |
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Chapter 8 Compressible Flow |
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381 | (52) |
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8.1 Sonic Velocity and Mach Number |
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382 | (3) |
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8.2 Stagnation Properties and Isentropic Flow |
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385 | (8) |
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8.3 Flow through a Channel of Varying Area |
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393 | (12) |
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405 | (7) |
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8.5 Compressible Flow with Friction |
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412 | (6) |
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8.6 Compressible Flow with Heat Transfer |
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418 | (7) |
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425 | (3) |
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8.7.1 Equations of Motion for a Straight Oblique Shock Wave |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (5) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (5) |
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433 | (84) |
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9.1 Equations of Turbomachinery |
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433 | (9) |
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442 | (23) |
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9.3 Axial-Flow Compressors, Pumps, and Fans |
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465 | (14) |
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479 | (4) |
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9.5 Radial-Flow Compressors and Pumps |
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483 | (6) |
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9.6 Dimensional Analysis of Turbomachinery |
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489 | (1) |
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9.7 Performance Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps |
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490 | (8) |
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9.8 Performance Characteristics of Hydraulic Turbines |
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498 | (1) |
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9.9 Impulse Turbine (Pelton Turbine) |
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499 | (10) |
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509 | (8) |
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510 | (7) |
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Chapter 10 Measurements in Fluid Mechanics |
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517 | (46) |
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10.1 Measurement of Viscosity |
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517 | (4) |
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10.2 Measurement of Static and Stagnation Pressures |
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521 | (2) |
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10.3 Measurement of Velocity |
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523 | (5) |
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10.4 Measurement of Flow Rates in Closed Conduits |
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528 | (23) |
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10.5 Measurements in Open-Channel Flows |
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551 | (5) |
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556 | (7) |
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556 | (7) |
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Chapter 11 The Navier--Stokes Equations |
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563 | (38) |
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563 | (2) |
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11.2 Applications to Laminar Flow |
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565 | (11) |
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11.2.1 Flow in a Circular Duct |
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566 | (2) |
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11.2.2 Flow down an Inclined Plane |
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568 | (2) |
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11.2.3 Flow through a Straight Channel |
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570 | (1) |
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11.2.4 Plane Couette Flow |
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571 | (3) |
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11.2.5 Flow between Two Rotating Concentric Cylinders |
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574 | (2) |
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11.3 Graphical Solution Methods for Unsteady Laminar Flow Problems |
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576 | (10) |
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11.3.1 Suddenly Accelerated Flat Plate |
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578 | (3) |
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11.3.2 Unsteady Plane Couette Flow |
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581 | (1) |
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11.3.3 Unsteady Flow between Concentric Circular Cylinders |
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582 | (3) |
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11.3.4 Unsteady Flow in a Plane Channel (Start-Up Flow) |
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585 | (1) |
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11.4 Introduction to Turbulent Flow |
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586 | (9) |
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595 | (6) |
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595 | (6) |
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601 | (44) |
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12.1 Equations of Two-Dimensional Inviscid Flows |
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601 | (1) |
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12.1.1 Continuity Equation |
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601 | (1) |
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602 | (1) |
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12.2 Stream Function and Velocity Potential |
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602 | (6) |
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608 | (5) |
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12.4 Laplace's Equation and Various Flow Fields |
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613 | (10) |
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614 | (1) |
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615 | (2) |
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617 | (1) |
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12.4.4 Irrotational Vortex Flow |
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618 | (5) |
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12.5 Combined Flows and Superpositions |
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623 | (15) |
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12.5.1 Flow about a Half-Body |
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623 | (2) |
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12.5.2 Source and Sink of Equal Strengths |
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625 | (2) |
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12.5.3 Flow about a Doublet |
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627 | (1) |
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12.5.4 Flow about a Rankine Body |
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628 | (3) |
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12.5.5 Flow about a Circular Cylinder |
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631 | (3) |
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12.5.6 Flow about a Circular Cylinder with Circulation |
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634 | (4) |
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12.6 Inviscid Flow Past an Airfoil |
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638 | (1) |
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639 | (6) |
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639 | (6) |
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Chapter 13 Boundary-Layer Flow |
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645 | (28) |
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13.1 Laminar and Turbulent Boundary-Layer Flow |
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645 | (2) |
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13.2 Equations of Motion for the Boundary Layer |
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647 | (2) |
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13.3 Laminar Boundary-Layer Flow over a Flat Plate |
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649 | (7) |
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13.4 Momentum Integral Equation |
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656 | (2) |
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13.5 Momentum Integral Method for Laminar Flow over a Flat Plate |
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658 | (4) |
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13.6 Momentum Integral Method for Turbulent Flow over a Flat Plate |
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662 | (4) |
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13.7 Laminar and Turbulent Boundary-Layer Flow over a Flat Plate |
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666 | (2) |
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668 | (5) |
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668 | (5) |
Appendix A Conversion Factors and Properties of Substances |
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673 | (12) |
Appendix B Geometric Elements of Plane Areas |
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685 | (2) |
Appendix C Pipe and Tube Specifications |
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687 | (6) |
Appendix D Compressible Flow Tables |
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693 | (34) |
Appendix E Miscellaneous |
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727 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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729 | (2) |
Index |
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731 | |