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Introduction To Health Research Methods: A Practical Guide 3rd Revised edition [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 404 pages, weight: 510 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 20-Feb-2020
  • Leidėjas: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1284197565
  • ISBN-13: 9781284197563
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Introduction To Health Research Methods: A Practical Guide 3rd Revised editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 404 pages, weight: 510 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 20-Feb-2020
  • Leidėjas: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1284197565
  • ISBN-13: 9781284197563
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781284197563.html
Raktažodžiai:
A&P Binding: PAC Saleable

Designed to empower new investigators to conduct their own original research projects, the third edition of Introduction to Health Research Methods: A Practical Guide leads the reader step-by-step in performing quantitative and qualitative research in medicine, public health, and other clinical and population health fields.

Organized in five sections, the text covers the entire research process from formulating a study question and selecting a study approach to collecting and analyzing data and then disseminating the findings. Chapters about methods for primary studies (collecting new data), secondary analyses (analyzing existing data), and tertiary studies (conducting literature reviews and meta-analyses) provide comprehensive coverage of the scope of health research.

By breaking the research process down into a series of achievable steps, Introduction to Health Research Methods shows students and early career scholars how they can contribute to improving the health of individuals and communities through research.

The Third Edition has been significantly updated to include:
- Expanded coverage of qualitative research methods, including new chapters on qualitative study design, data collection, and data analysis.
- Additional glossary terms that clarify key terminology for all stages of the research process and a diversity of study approaches.
- Enhanced explanations of how to select and implement quantitative and qualitative research and analysis methodologies.
- New and updated coverage of topics such as framing research questions, developing testable hypotheses, defining specific aims, responsibly conducting research, selecting study designs, minimizing bias, applying theoretical paradigms, ensuring rigor and reproducibility, conducting quality assessment, managing grants, and more.

Designed to empower new investigators to conduct their own original research projects, the Third Edition of Introduction to Health Research Methods provides a practical, step-by-step guide to conducting quantitative and qualitative research in medicine, public health, and other clinical and population health fields. Organized in five sections, the text covers the entire research process from formulating a study question and selecting a study approach to collecting and analyzing data and then disseminating the findings. Chapters about methods for primary studies (collecting new data), secondary analyses (analyzing existing data), and tertiary studies (conducting literature reviews and meta-analyses) provide comprehensive coverage of the scope of health research. By breaking the research process down into a series of achievable steps, Introduction to Health Research Methods shows students and early career scholars how they can contribute to improving the health of individuals and communities through research.

Preface xv
About the Author xvii
New to This Edition xix
Chapter 1 The Health Research Process
1(4)
1.1 Clinical and Population Health Research
1(1)
1.2 The Research Process
2(1)
1.3 Text Overview
2(3)
STEP 1 Identifying a Study Question
5(36)
Chapter 2 Selecting a Research Question
7(10)
2.1 Practical Research
7(1)
2.2 Brainstorming and Concept Mapping
8(1)
2.3 Keywords
8(1)
2.4 Exposures, Diseases, and Populations (EDPs)
9(2)
2.5 PICOT
11(1)
2.6 From Inquiry to Research
12(2)
2.7 Testable Questions
14(1)
2.8 Framing for Generalizability
14(3)
Chapter 3 Reviewing the Literature
17(8)
3.1 Informal Sources
17(1)
3.2 Statistical Reports
17(1)
3.3 Abstract Databases
18(2)
3.4 Full-Text Articles
20(1)
3.5 Critical Reading
21(1)
3.6 Annotated Bibliographies
22(1)
3.7 What Makes Research Original?
22(3)
Chapter 4 Defining Specific Aims
25(6)
4.1 Refining the Study Question
25(1)
4.2 One Study Goal
25(1)
4.3 Several Specific Aims
26(1)
4.4 Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks
27(1)
4.5 Feasibility
28(3)
Chapter 5 Professional Development
31(6)
5.1 Research Teams
31(1)
5.2 Finding Research Mentors
32(1)
5.3 The Mentor-Mentee Relationship
32(1)
5.4 Professional Development
33(1)
5.5 Social Media and Impact Metrics
33(1)
5.6 Responsible Conduct of Research
34(3)
Chapter 6 Coauthoring
37(4)
6.1 Coauthorship
37(1)
6.2 Authorship Criteria
38(1)
6.3 Authorship Order
39(1)
6.4 Decisions About Authorship
40(1)
STEP 2 Selecting a Study Approach
41(78)
Chapter 7 Overview of Study Designs
43(8)
7.1 Types of Study Approaches
43(1)
7.2 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Studies
43(3)
7.3 Observational and Experimental Studies
46(1)
7.4 Exposure, Disease, or Population?
47(1)
7.5 Study Duration
48(3)
Chapter 8 Case Series
51(6)
8.1 Overview
51(1)
8.2 Case Definitions
52(1)
8.3 Data Collection
53(1)
8.4 Ethical Considerations
54(1)
8.5 Analysis
54(3)
Chapter 9 Cross-Sectional Studies
57(4)
9.1 Overview
57(1)
9.2 Representative Populations
57(1)
9.3 KAP Surveys
58(1)
9.4 Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys
58(1)
9.5 Prevalence
59(2)
Chapter 10 Case--Control Studies
61(10)
10.1 Overview
61(1)
10.2 Finding Cases and Controls
61(2)
10.3 Matching
63(1)
10.4 Minimizing Bias
64(1)
10.5 Odds Ratios
65(4)
10.6 Matched Case--Control Studies
69(2)
Chapter 11 Cohort Studies
71(14)
11.1 Overview
71(2)
11.2 Prospective Cohort Studies
73(1)
11.3 Retrospective Cohort Studies
73(1)
11.4 Longitudinal Cohort Studies
74(1)
11.5 Data Collection
75(1)
11.6 Ratios, Rates, and Risk
76(1)
11.7 Incidence Rates
76(2)
11.8 Incidence Rate Ratios
78(1)
11.9 Attributable Risk
79(3)
11.10 Person--Time Analysis
82(3)
Chapter 12 Experimental Studies
85(16)
12.1 Overview
85(1)
12.2 Describing the Intervention
86(1)
12.3 Defining Outcomes
87(1)
12.4 Selecting Controls
88(3)
12.5 Blinding
91(1)
12.6 Randomization
91(2)
12.7 Ethical Considerations
93(1)
12.8 Efficacy
94(2)
12.9 Screening and Diagnostic Tests
96(5)
Chapter 13 Qualitative Studies
101(6)
13.1 Overview
101(1)
13.2 Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology
102(1)
13.3 Theoretical Paradigms
103(1)
13.4 Qualitative Methodologies
104(1)
13.5 Mixed Methods Research
105(2)
Chapter 14 Correlational Studies
107(8)
14.1 Overview
107(1)
14.2 Aggregate Data
108(1)
14.3 Avoiding the Ecological Fallacy
109(1)
14.4 Correlation
110(1)
14.5 Age Standardization
111(4)
Chapter 15 Synthesis Research
115(4)
15.1 Overview
115(2)
15.2 Selecting a Topic
117(1)
15.3 Library Access
117(1)
15.4 Narrative Reviews
117(1)
15.5 Systematic Reviews
117(1)
15.6 Meta-analysis
118(1)
15.7 Meta-synthesis
118(1)
STEP 3 Designing the Study and Collecting Data
119(106)
Chapter 16 Research Protocols
121(6)
16.1 Overview of Research Plans by Study Approach
121(1)
16.2 Writing a Research Protocol
121(2)
16.3 Rigor and Reproducibility
123(1)
16.4 Research Timelines
124(2)
16.5 Roles and Responsibilities
126(1)
16.6 Preparing for Data Collection
126(1)
Chapter 17 Ethical Considerations
127(12)
17.1 Foundations of Research Ethics
127(1)
17.2 Respect, Beneficence, and Justice
128(1)
17.3 Incentives and Coercion
129(3)
17.4 Informed Consent Statements
132(1)
17.5 Informed Consent Process
133(1)
17.6 Informed Consent Documentation
133(1)
17.7 Confidentiality and Privacy
134(1)
17.8 Sensitive Issues
135(1)
17.9 Cultural Considerations
136(1)
17.10 Vulnerable Populations
137(1)
17.11 Ethics Training and Certification
137(2)
Chapter 18 Ethical Review and Approval
139(8)
18.1 Ethics Committee Responsibilities
139(1)
18.2 Ethics Committee Composition
140(1)
18.3 Application Materials
140(2)
18.4 Exemption from Review
142(1)
18.5 Review Process
143(1)
18.6 Review by Multiple Committees
143(1)
18.7 Ongoing Review
144(1)
18.8 Conflicts of Interest
145(1)
18.9 Is Ethics Review Required?
145(2)
Chapter 19 Population Sampling
147(12)
19.1 Types of Research Populations
147(1)
19.2 Target and Source Populations
148(1)
19.3 Sample Populations
148(2)
19.4 Study Populations
150(1)
19.5 Populations for Cross-Sectional Studies
150(2)
19.6 Populations for Case--Control Studies
152(1)
19.7 Populations for Cohort Studies
153(2)
19.8 Populations for Experimental Studies
155(1)
19.9 Sampling for Qualitative Studies
156(1)
19.10 Vulnerable Populations
156(1)
19.11 Community Involvement
157(2)
Chapter 20 Sample Size and Power
159(8)
20.1 Importance of Sample Size
159(1)
20.2 Sample Size and Certainty Levels
159(2)
20.3 Sample Size Estimation
161(1)
20.4 Type 1 and Type 2 Errors
161(2)
20.5 Power Estimation
163(2)
20.6 Refining the Study Approach
165(2)
Chapter 21 Questionnaire Development
167(16)
21.1 Questionnaire Design Overview
167(1)
21.2 Questionnaire Content
168(1)
21.3 Types of Questions
169(2)
21.4 Types of Responses
171(2)
21.5 Anonymity
173(1)
21.6 Wording of Questions
173(2)
21.7 Order of Questions
175(1)
21.8 Layout and Formatting
176(1)
21.9 Reliability and Validity
177(4)
21.10 Commercial Research Tools
181(1)
21.11 Translation
181(1)
21.12 Pilot Testing
182(1)
Chapter 22 Collecting Quantitative Data
183(6)
22.1 Interviews Versus Self-Administered Surveys
183(1)
22.2 Recruiting Methods
184(1)
22.3 Encouraging Participation
184(1)
22.4 Data Recording Methods
185(2)
22.5 Training Interviewers
187(2)
Chapter 23 Collecting Qualitative Data
189(6)
23.1 Overview
189(1)
23.2 In-Depth Interviews
189(1)
23.3 Focus Group Discussions
190(1)
23.4 Observational Methods
191(1)
23.5 Other Qualitative Research Techniques
192(1)
23.6 Community-Based Participatory Research
192(1)
23.7 Consensus Methods
193(2)
Chapter 24 Additional Assessments
195(6)
24.1 Supplementing Self-Reported Data
195(1)
24.2 Anthropometric Measures
195(1)
24.3 Vital Signs
196(1)
24.4 Clinical Examination
196(1)
24.5 Tests of Physiological Function
197(1)
24.6 Laboratory Analysis of Biological Specimens
197(1)
24.7 Medical Imaging
197(1)
24.8 Tests of Physical Fitness
198(1)
24.9 Environmental Assessment
198(1)
24.10 Geographic Information Systems
199(1)
24.11 Monitoring and Evaluation
199(2)
Chapter 25 Secondary Analyses
201(6)
25.1 Overview of Secondary Analysis
201(1)
25.2 Accessing Secondary Data
201(1)
25.3 Publicly Available Data Sets
202(1)
25.4 Private Data Sets
203(1)
25.5 Challenges of Secondary Research
203(1)
25.6 Clinical Records
204(1)
25.7 Health Informatics, Big Data, and Data Mining
204(1)
25.8 Ethics Committee Review
205(2)
Chapter 26 Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
207(10)
26.1 Overview of Tertiary Analysis
207(1)
26.2 Search Strings
207(2)
26.3 Search Limiters
209(1)
26.4 Supplemental Searches
210(1)
26.5 Eligibility Criteria
210(1)
26.6 Quality Assessment
211(1)
26.7 Data Extraction
212(1)
26.8 Systematic Review Results
212(1)
26.9 Pooled Analysis
213(1)
26.10 Forest Plots and Funnel Plots
214(3)
Chapter 27 Writing Grant Proposals
217(8)
27.1 Preparing to Write a Proposal
217(1)
27.2 Identifying Grant Opportunities
217(1)
27.3 Requests for Proposals
218(1)
27.4 Research Proposal Components
219(1)
27.5 Writing a Research Narrative
220(1)
27.6 Funding Criteria
221(1)
27.7 Budgeting
222(1)
27.8 Financial Accounting
223(1)
27.9 Grant Management
224(1)
27.10 Unfunded Research
224(1)
STEP 4 Analyzing Data
225(62)
Chapter 28 Data Management
227(8)
28.1 Data Management
227(1)
28.2 Codebooks
227(2)
28.3 Data Entry
229(1)
28.4 Data Cleaning
230(1)
28.5 Data Recoding
231(1)
28.6 Statistical Software Programs
231(1)
28.7 Data Security
232(3)
Chapter 29 Descriptive Statistics
235(12)
29.1 Analytic Plan by Study Approach
235(1)
29.2 Types of Variables
236(1)
29.3 Measures of Central Tendency
237(1)
29.4 Range and Quartiles
238(1)
29.5 Displaying Distributions
238(2)
29.6 Normal Curves, Variance, and Standard Deviation
240(3)
29.7 Reporting Descriptive Statistics
243(1)
29.8 Confidence Intervals
243(1)
29.9 Statistical Honesty
244(1)
29.10 Statistical Consultants
245(2)
Chapter 30 Comparative Statistics
247(16)
30.1 Comparative Analysis by Study Approach
247(1)
30.2 Hypotheses for Statistical Tests
248(1)
30.3 Rejecting the Null Hypothesis
248(2)
30.4 Interpreting ρ Values
250(1)
30.5 Measures of Association
251(2)
30.6 Interpreting Confidence Intervals
253(1)
30.7 Selecting an Appropriate Test
254(1)
30.8 Parametric and Nonparametric Tests
255(1)
30.9 Comparing a Population Statistic to a Set Value
255(1)
30.10 Comparing Independent Populations
256(2)
30.11 Multivariable Comparisons of Means
258(2)
30.12 Correlation Analysis
260(1)
30.13 Comparing Paired Data
260(3)
Chapter 31 Regression Analysis
263(14)
31.1 Regression Modeling
263(1)
31.2 Simple Linear Regression
264(1)
31.3 Simple Logistic Regression
265(2)
31.4 Dummy Variables
267(1)
31.5 Confounding and Effect Modification
267(3)
31.6 Multiple Regression
270(3)
31.7 Causal Analysis
273(2)
31.8 Survival Analysis
275(1)
31.9 Cautions
276(1)
Chapter 32 Qualitative Analysis
277(4)
32.1 Overview
277(1)
32.2 Analytic and Interpretive Frameworks
278(1)
32.3 Codes, Categories, and Themes
278(2)
32.4 Manual and Electronic Coding
280(1)
32.5 Quality Assurance
280(1)
Chapter 33 Additional Analysis Tools
281(6)
33.1 Spatial Analysis
281(1)
33.2 Bayesian Statistics
281(1)
33.3 Mathematical Modeling
282(1)
33.4 Agent-Based Modeling
283(1)
33.5 Machine Learning
283(1)
33.6 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
284(1)
33.7 Burden of Disease Metrics
285(2)
STEP 5 Reporting Findings
287(68)
Chapter 34 Posters and Presentations
289(10)
34.1 Purpose of Conferences
289(1)
34.2 Structure of Conferences
289(1)
34.3 Writing an Abstract
290(1)
34.4 Submitting an Abstract
291(1)
34.5 Preparing a Poster
291(2)
34.6 Using Images
293(1)
34.7 Presenting a Poster
293(1)
34.8 Preparing for an Oral Presentation
294(2)
34.9 Giving an Oral Presentation
296(3)
Chapter 35 Article Structure
299(10)
35.1 Outlining a Manuscript
299(1)
35.2 Abstract
300(1)
35.3 Introduction
301(1)
35.4 Methods
302(1)
35.5 Results
303(1)
35.6 Discussion
303(1)
35.7 Writing Checklists
304(1)
35.8 End Matter
305(1)
35.9 Tables and Figures
306(3)
Chapter 36 Citing
309(8)
36.1 Referring to the Scientific Literature
309(1)
36.2 Formal and Informal Sources
310(2)
36.3 Writing in One's Own Words
312(1)
36.4 Common Knowledge and Specific Knowledge
312(1)
36.5 Avoiding Plagiarism
313(1)
36.6 Citation Styles
314(3)
Chapter 37 Critically Revising
317(4)
37.1 Clarifying the Storyline
317(1)
37.2 One Paper, One Story
318(1)
37.3 Structure and Content
318(1)
37.4 Style, Clarity, and Consistency
319(2)
Chapter 38 Writing Success Strategies
321(8)
38.1 The Writing Process
321(1)
38.2 Getting Started
321(2)
38.3 Staying Motivated
323(1)
38.4 Conquering Writer's Block
324(2)
38.5 Finishing a Manuscript
326(3)
Chapter 39 Reasons to Publish
329(4)
39.1 Scientific Dialogue
329(1)
39.2 Critical Feedback
329(1)
39.3 Respect for Participants and Collaborators
330(1)
39.4 Personal Benefits
330(3)
Chapter 40 Selecting Target Journals
333(8)
40.1 Choosing a Target Journal
333(1)
40.2 Aim, Scope, and Audience
333(1)
40.3 Impact Factors
334(1)
40.4 Other Journal Characteristics
335(1)
40.5 Open Access and Copyright
336(2)
40.6 Publication Fees
338(1)
40.7 Predatory Journals
338(3)
Chapter 41 Manuscript Submission
341(6)
41.1 Submission Timing
341(1)
41.2 Journal Selection
341(1)
41.3 Manuscript Formatting
342(2)
41.4 Cover Letter
344(1)
41.5 Online Submission
345(2)
Chapter 42 Peer Review and Publication
347(8)
42.1 Initial Review
347(1)
42.2 External Review Results
348(1)
42.3 Rejection
349(1)
42.4 Revision and Resubmission
350(3)
42.5 After Acceptance
353(2)
Glossary 355(38)
Index 393
Dr. Jacobsen'is the William E. Cooper Distinguished University Chair & Professor of Health Studies at the University of Richmond in Richmond,'Virginia. She has written more than 200 peer-reviewed articles and is the author of Introduction to Global Health and Introduction to Health Research Methods. 'Dr. Jacobsen received the 2023 Velji Global Health Award for Teaching Excellence from the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH).