Preface |
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xiii | |
Authors |
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xvii | |
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1 Crime in the United States |
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1 | (32) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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Criminal Law and Civil Law |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (5) |
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Crime Trends in the United States |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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Investigations and Suspects |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (5) |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (2) |
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2 The History of Law Enforcement in the United States |
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33 | (36) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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The British Heritage, Colonial America, and the First Generation of Law Enforcement in the United States |
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34 | (2) |
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Boston, Philadelphia, New York, and the Birth of Urban Policing |
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36 | (2) |
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State-Level Law Enforcement |
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38 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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Private Security and Enforcement |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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Early Advancements in Science, Investigations, and Technology |
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46 | (2) |
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Law Enforcement in the First Half of the Twentieth Century |
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48 | (3) |
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Law Enforcement in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century |
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51 | (3) |
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Law Enforcement and the U.S. Military |
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54 | (6) |
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60 | (1) |
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Post-9/11: The Explosion of Homeland Security |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (5) |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (1) |
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3 Local and Tribal Enforcement in the United States |
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69 | (22) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Demographics of Local (and State) Law Enforcement |
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70 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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Special Jurisdiction Agencies |
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77 | (2) |
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Regional Policing and Police Task Forces |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Perished in the Line of Duty |
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81 | (2) |
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Case Consideration: August Vollmer |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (4) |
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87 | (4) |
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4 State Law Enforcement in the United States |
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91 | (26) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Nineteenth Century Experiments |
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92 | (4) |
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Massachusetts State Police: An Experiment |
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96 | (1) |
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A New Model for Urban State Policing: Pennsylvania |
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97 | (1) |
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The Formative Years: 1908-1940 |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (1) |
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Traffic Regulation and Enforcement |
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101 | (2) |
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Growth and Expansion: 1940-1960 |
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103 | (1) |
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The Modern Era: 1960 to Present |
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104 | (1) |
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State-Level Resources and Their Role with Homeland Security |
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105 | (1) |
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State Wildlife Enforcement |
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106 | (1) |
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Specialized State Enforcement and Investigations |
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107 | (2) |
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Notable Aspects of State Law Enforcement Entities |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (5) |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (2) |
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5 Federal and International Law Enforcement |
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117 | (26) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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U.S. Department of Justice |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Federal Bureau of Investigation |
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120 | (2) |
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Drug Enforcement Administration |
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122 | (1) |
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives |
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123 | (1) |
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U.S. Department of Homeland Security |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (2) |
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Customs and Border Protection |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Customs and Border Protection Officers |
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127 | (1) |
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Customs and Border Protection Air and Marine |
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127 | (1) |
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Customs and Border Protection Agriculture Specialists |
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128 | (1) |
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Customs and Border Protection Import Specialists |
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128 | (1) |
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Immigration and Customs Enforcement |
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128 | (1) |
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Transportation Security Administration |
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128 | (1) |
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Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Bureau of Diplomatic Security |
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129 | (1) |
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Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs |
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130 | (1) |
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U.S. Department of the Treasury |
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131 | (1) |
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Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigations |
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131 | (1) |
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Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement and Investigations |
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132 | (1) |
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U.S. Postal Service and Postal Inspection Service |
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132 | (1) |
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Office of Inspector General |
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132 | (1) |
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U.S. Department of the Interior |
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133 | (1) |
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U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service---U.S. Park Police |
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133 | (1) |
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U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service---Park Rangers |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Financial Action Task Force |
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137 | (1) |
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International Criminal Police Organization |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (44) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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What Is Private Security? |
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144 | (1) |
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History of Private Enforcement and Security in the United States |
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144 | (2) |
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Significance of Private Security and Enforcement |
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146 | (2) |
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Private Security: The Scope of Work |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (2) |
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Protection of Critical Infrastructure |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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Relationships between Organizations and Private Security |
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152 | (2) |
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Counterfeit Products and Enforcement |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Corporate and Industrial Espionage Examples |
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156 | (2) |
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Considerations of the Relationship |
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158 | (1) |
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Modern Times: The FedEx Private Police |
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159 | (1) |
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The Business of Private Security |
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160 | (1) |
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Global Contexts and Markets |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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Training, Licensure, and Certification |
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165 | (1) |
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Privately Operated Correctional Facilities |
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166 | (1) |
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National Insurance Crime Bureau |
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167 | (5) |
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International Contractors |
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172 | (1) |
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Relationship between Private and Public Entities |
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172 | (3) |
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Accomplishments of Private Security and Enforcement |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (8) |
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179 | (7) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (26) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (4) |
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What Causes Corruption in Policing? |
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194 | (1) |
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Changing Moral Standards of a Contemporary Society |
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195 | (2) |
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The Officer's Working Environment |
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197 | (1) |
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Organizational Expectations of the Police |
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198 | (2) |
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Role of the Police in a Democratic Society |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (3) |
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Corruption and Ethical Challenges |
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204 | (1) |
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The Ideal of Noble Cause Corruption |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (5) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (26) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (3) |
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Transforming the Police Agency |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (1) |
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Problem-Oriented Policing |
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222 | (3) |
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225 | (1) |
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Homeland Security Policing |
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226 | (2) |
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Intelligence-Led Policing |
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228 | (5) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (5) |
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234 | (5) |
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9 Patrol Types and Specialized Assignments |
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239 | (32) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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Mounted and Equine Patrols |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (2) |
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Crime Scene Investigation |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (2) |
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Explosive Ordnance Disposal (Bomb Squad) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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Organized Crime and Narcotics Investigations |
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260 | (1) |
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Special Weapons and Tactics |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (3) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (28) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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Early Advancements in Science, Investigations, and Technology |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (3) |
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279 | (3) |
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282 | (3) |
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Preliminary Investigation |
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285 | (1) |
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Approaching the Crime Scene |
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285 | (1) |
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First Officers on the Scene |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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Unsolved Investigations and Cold Cases |
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290 | (5) |
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295 | (4) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (3) |
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299 | (22) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Foundations of Forensic Science |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (4) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (3) |
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310 | (3) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Forensic Laboratory Functional Areas |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (1) |
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Behavioral Sciences and Forensic Analysis |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (3) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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12 After Arrest: Taking the Case to Court |
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321 | (34) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (3) |
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325 | (2) |
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Facts, Evidence, and Proof |
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327 | (1) |
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Personnel in the Court Process |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (2) |
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Education and Qualifications |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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Initial Appearances and Bail |
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337 | (1) |
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Grand Jury Indictments and Preliminary Hearings |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (5) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (7) |
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353 | (2) |
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13 Law Enforcement under the United States Constitution |
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355 | (38) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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The Constitution as the Supreme Law of the United States |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (2) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (3) |
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How the Constitution Applies to Law Enforcement |
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368 | (1) |
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Amendments Most Applicable to Law Enforcement |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (3) |
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372 | (3) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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Considerations of Evidence |
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378 | (1) |
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Issues of Privacy, Security, and Liberty |
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379 | (8) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (5) |
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392 | (1) |
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14 Administration and Leadership Community Support, Recruitment, Selection, Training, and Retention |
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393 | (30) |
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393 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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Role of the Law Enforcement Administrator |
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395 | (1) |
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Gaining and Maintaining Public Support |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (2) |
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Recruitment and Selection |
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399 | (3) |
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402 | (1) |
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Recruitment of Minority Groups and Women |
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403 | (3) |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (3) |
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Retention of Police Officers |
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411 | (3) |
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Role and Development of Field Training Officers, First-Line Supervisors, and the Command Team |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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Other Administrative and Command Responsibilities |
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416 | (1) |
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416 | (2) |
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418 | (5) |
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419 | (2) |
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421 | (2) |
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15 The Future of Law Enforcement and Its Changing Role |
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423 | (22) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (2) |
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426 | (3) |
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Economic and Social Trends |
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429 | (2) |
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431 | (3) |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (2) |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (4) |
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442 | (3) |
Index |
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445 | |