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El. knyga: Introduction to Law Enforcement

(University of Mississippi, University, USA), (University of Mississippi, USA), , (University of West Alabama, Livingston, USA), , (The Citadel, SC, USA), (University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA), (Bruce, Mississippi, USA), (Oxford, Miss)
  • Formatas: 479 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Feb-2013
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781482201499
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 479 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Feb-2013
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781482201499
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McElreath (legal studies, U. of Mississippi), Doss, Jenson, Wigginton, et al. introduce students to law enforcement in the US and the relationships between the community and law enforcement organizations and between organizations themselves. They discuss crime and the history of law enforcement in the US, and the agencies involved in local and tribal, state, federal, international, and private enforcement. They cover ethics, types of policing, patrol types and specialized assignments, investigation, forensic science, the court process, the US Constitution, and administration and leadership community support, recruitment, selection, training, and retention of officers. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Modern perspectives of law enforcement are both complex and diverse. They integrate management and statistical analysis functions, public and business administration functions, and applications of psychology, natural science, physical fitness, and marksmanship. They also assimilate theories of education, organizational behavior, economics, law and public policy, and many others. Modern law enforcement is a blend of both theoretical knowledge and applied practice that continuously changes through time.

With contributions by nine authors offering a diverse presentation, Introduction to Law Enforcement goes beyond the linear perspective found in most law enforcement texts and offers multiple perspectives and discussions regarding both private and public entities. Through this approach, readers gain an understanding of several dimensions of the subject matter.

Topics discussed include:

  • Contemporary crime trends
  • Policing ethics
  • Law enforcement history
  • The functions of modern law enforcement agencies
  • Homeland security
  • Public service
  • Human resources
  • The path of a case from arrest through incarceration and post-release
  • Local, state, regional, federal, and tribal law enforcement agencies
  • Private enforcement organizations

Adaptable across a wide range of learning environments, the book uses a convenient format organized by agency type. Pedagogical features include learning objectives, case studies, and discussion questions to facilitate reader assimilation of the material. Comprehensive in scope, the text presents a robust consideration of the law enforcement domain.

Preface xiii
Authors xvii
1 Crime in the United States
1(32)
Learning Objectives
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
Criminal Law and Civil Law
2(1)
Measuring Crime
2(5)
Crime Trends in the United States
7(1)
Victim Characteristics
8(2)
Offender Characteristics
10(1)
Crimes Encountered
11(1)
Drugs and Crime
11(1)
Hate Crimes
12(1)
Gangs and Crime
13(1)
Cyber Crime
13(2)
Investigations and Suspects
15(3)
Notable Incidents
18(3)
Juveniles
21(2)
Recidivism
23(2)
Summary
25(1)
Terminology
26(2)
Discussion Questions
28(5)
References
28(3)
Bibliography
31(2)
2 The History of Law Enforcement in the United States
33(36)
Learning Objectives
33(1)
Introduction
33(1)
The British Heritage, Colonial America, and the First Generation of Law Enforcement in the United States
34(2)
Boston, Philadelphia, New York, and the Birth of Urban Policing
36(2)
State-Level Law Enforcement
38(4)
Federal Enforcement
42(1)
Private Security and Enforcement
43(2)
Breaking Barriers
45(1)
Early Advancements in Science, Investigations, and Technology
46(2)
Law Enforcement in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
48(3)
Law Enforcement in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
51(3)
Law Enforcement and the U.S. Military
54(6)
Landmark Cases
60(1)
Post-9/11: The Explosion of Homeland Security
61(2)
Summary
63(1)
Terminology
64(1)
Discussion Questions
64(5)
References
65(3)
Bibliography
68(1)
3 Local and Tribal Enforcement in the United States
69(22)
Learning Objectives
69(1)
Introduction
69(1)
Demographics of Local (and State) Law Enforcement
70(3)
Municipal
73(1)
County
74(2)
Tribal
76(1)
Special Jurisdiction Agencies
77(2)
Regional Policing and Police Task Forces
79(1)
Other Agencies
80(1)
Reserve Police
80(1)
Perished in the Line of Duty
81(2)
Case Consideration: August Vollmer
83(2)
Summary
85(2)
Discussion Questions
87(4)
References
87(4)
4 State Law Enforcement in the United States
91(26)
Learning Objectives
91(1)
Introduction
91(1)
State Enforcement
92(1)
Nineteenth Century Experiments
92(4)
Massachusetts State Police: An Experiment
96(1)
A New Model for Urban State Policing: Pennsylvania
97(1)
The Formative Years: 1908-1940
98(3)
General Butler's View
101(1)
Traffic Regulation and Enforcement
101(2)
Growth and Expansion: 1940-1960
103(1)
The Modern Era: 1960 to Present
104(1)
State-Level Resources and Their Role with Homeland Security
105(1)
State Wildlife Enforcement
106(1)
Specialized State Enforcement and Investigations
107(2)
Notable Aspects of State Law Enforcement Entities
109(1)
Alabama
109(1)
Missouri
110(1)
Texas
110(1)
Summary
111(1)
Discussion Questions
112(5)
References
112(3)
Bibliography
115(2)
5 Federal and International Law Enforcement
117(26)
Learning Objectives
117(1)
Introduction
117(1)
U.S. Department of Justice
118(1)
U.S. Marshals Service
119(1)
Federal Bureau of Investigation
120(2)
Drug Enforcement Administration
122(1)
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
123(1)
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
123(1)
U.S. Coast Guard
123(1)
U.S. Secret Service
124(2)
Customs and Border Protection
126(1)
Border Patrol
126(1)
Customs and Border Protection Officers
127(1)
Customs and Border Protection Air and Marine
127(1)
Customs and Border Protection Agriculture Specialists
128(1)
Customs and Border Protection Import Specialists
128(1)
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
128(1)
Transportation Security Administration
128(1)
Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service
129(1)
U.S. Department of State
129(1)
Bureau of Diplomatic Security
129(1)
Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
130(1)
U.S. Department of the Treasury
131(1)
Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigations
131(1)
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
131(1)
U.S. Forest Service
131(1)
U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement and Investigations
132(1)
U.S. Postal Service and Postal Inspection Service
132(1)
Office of Inspector General
132(1)
U.S. Department of the Interior
133(1)
U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service---U.S. Park Police
133(1)
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service---Park Rangers
134(1)
Training
135(1)
International Policing
135(1)
Europol
136(1)
Financial Action Task Force
137(1)
International Criminal Police Organization
137(1)
Summary
138(1)
Discussion Questions
139(1)
Notes
140(3)
6 Private Enforcement
143(44)
Learning Objectives
143(1)
Introduction
143(1)
What Is Private Security?
144(1)
History of Private Enforcement and Security in the United States
144(2)
Significance of Private Security and Enforcement
146(2)
Private Security: The Scope of Work
148(1)
Private Investigations
148(2)
Protection of Critical Infrastructure
150(2)
Security Consulting
152(1)
Relationships between Organizations and Private Security
152(2)
Counterfeit Products and Enforcement
154(1)
NASA Security Example
155(1)
Corporate and Industrial Espionage Examples
156(2)
Considerations of the Relationship
158(1)
Modern Times: The FedEx Private Police
159(1)
The Business of Private Security
160(1)
Global Contexts and Markets
161(3)
Organizational Contexts
164(1)
Training, Licensure, and Certification
165(1)
Privately Operated Correctional Facilities
166(1)
National Insurance Crime Bureau
167(5)
International Contractors
172(1)
Relationship between Private and Public Entities
172(3)
Accomplishments of Private Security and Enforcement
175(3)
Summary
178(1)
Discussion Questions
179(8)
References
179(7)
Bibliography
186(1)
7 Ethics
187(26)
Learning Objectives
187(1)
Introduction
187(1)
Ethics
188(1)
Living Ethically
189(1)
IACP Oath of Honor
190(4)
What Causes Corruption in Policing?
194(1)
Changing Moral Standards of a Contemporary Society
195(2)
The Officer's Working Environment
197(1)
Organizational Expectations of the Police
198(2)
Role of the Police in a Democratic Society
200(1)
Public Perceptions
200(1)
Police Self-Perceptions
201(3)
Corruption and Ethical Challenges
204(1)
The Ideal of Noble Cause Corruption
204(1)
Discretion in Policing
205(1)
Dilemmas in Policing
206(1)
Deterring Corruption
206(2)
Summary
208(5)
References
210(1)
Bibliography
210(3)
8 Types of Policing
213(26)
Learning Objectives
213(1)
Introduction
213(1)
Community Defined
214(1)
Traditional Policing
214(2)
Community Policing
216(3)
Transforming the Police Agency
219(2)
Broken Windows Theory
221(1)
Problem-Oriented Policing
222(3)
Zero-Tolerance Policing
225(1)
Homeland Security Policing
226(2)
Intelligence-Led Policing
228(5)
Summary
233(1)
Discussion Questions
234(5)
References
234(5)
9 Patrol Types and Specialized Assignments
239(32)
Learning Objectives
239(1)
Introduction
239(1)
Types of Patrol
240(1)
Foot Patrol
241(1)
Automobile Patrol
241(1)
Motorcycle Patrol
242(1)
Bicycle Patrol
243(2)
Aviation
245(1)
Marine Patrol
246(2)
Mounted and Equine Patrols
248(2)
Specialized Assignments
250(1)
Canine
250(2)
Crime Scene Investigation
252(2)
Criminal Investigations
254(2)
Explosive Ordnance Disposal (Bomb Squad)
256(1)
Gang Investigations
257(2)
Intelligence Functions
259(1)
Organized Crime and Narcotics Investigations
260(1)
Special Weapons and Tactics
261(2)
Internal Affairs
263(2)
Police Bands
265(1)
Summary
266(2)
Discussion Questions
268(3)
References
268(2)
Bibliography
270(1)
10 Investigation
271(28)
Learning Objectives
271(1)
Introduction
271(1)
Early Advancements in Science, Investigations, and Technology
272(2)
Goal of an Investigation
274(2)
Types of Evidence
276(3)
Investigative Team
279(3)
Investigative Process
282(3)
Preliminary Investigation
285(1)
Approaching the Crime Scene
285(1)
First Officers on the Scene
286(1)
Initial Steps
286(1)
Crime Scene Search
287(1)
Follow-Up Investigation
288(1)
Prosecutorial Phase
289(1)
Unsolved Investigations and Cold Cases
290(5)
Summary
295(4)
References
295(1)
Bibliography
296(3)
11 Forensic Science
299(22)
Learning Objectives
299(1)
Introduction
299(1)
Foundations of Forensic Science
299(3)
Why Science?
302(1)
Forensic Science Defined
302(4)
Evidence Collection
306(1)
At the Crime Scene
307(3)
Forensic Laboratory
310(3)
Careers
313(1)
Forensic Pathologist
313(1)
Forensic Toxicologist
313(1)
Forensic Anthropologist
313(1)
Forensic Odontologist
313(1)
Forensic Laboratory Functional Areas
314(1)
Criminalistics Division
314(1)
Analytical Division
315(2)
Bioscience Division
317(1)
Behavioral Sciences and Forensic Analysis
318(1)
Summary
318(3)
References
319(1)
Bibliography
320(1)
12 After Arrest: Taking the Case to Court
321(34)
Learning Objectives
321(1)
Introduction
321(1)
Basic Concepts
322(1)
Jurisdiction
322(3)
Elements of Crime
325(2)
Facts, Evidence, and Proof
327(1)
Personnel in the Court Process
328(1)
Attorneys
329(1)
Prosecutors
329(1)
Defense Attorneys
330(1)
Role of Attorneys
330(1)
Professional Obligations
330(2)
Education and Qualifications
332(1)
Trial Tactics
332(1)
Judges
333(2)
Trial Jury
335(1)
Court Process
336(1)
Initial Appearances and Bail
337(1)
Grand Jury Indictments and Preliminary Hearings
338(1)
Arraignment
339(1)
Plea Agreements
340(2)
Discovery and Motions
342(1)
Trial
342(5)
Summary
347(1)
Discussion Questions
348(1)
Notes
348(7)
Bibliography
353(2)
13 Law Enforcement under the United States Constitution
355(38)
Learning Objectives
355(1)
Introduction
355(1)
The Constitution as the Supreme Law of the United States
356(2)
Separation of Powers
358(2)
Bill of Rights
360(2)
Enumerated Powers
362(1)
Role of Courts
363(2)
How Courts Reason
365(3)
How the Constitution Applies to Law Enforcement
368(1)
Amendments Most Applicable to Law Enforcement
368(1)
First Amendment
369(3)
Fourth Amendment
372(3)
Fifth Amendment
375(1)
Sixth Amendment
376(1)
Eighth Amendment
377(1)
Fourteenth Amendment
378(1)
Remaining Amendments
378(1)
Considerations of Evidence
378(1)
Issues of Privacy, Security, and Liberty
379(8)
Summary
387(1)
Notes
388(5)
Bibliography
392(1)
14 Administration and Leadership Community Support, Recruitment, Selection, Training, and Retention
393(30)
Learning Objectives
393(1)
Introduction
393(2)
Role of the Law Enforcement Administrator
395(1)
Gaining and Maintaining Public Support
396(1)
Personnel Considerations
397(2)
Recruitment and Selection
399(3)
Recruitment Challenges
402(1)
Recruitment of Minority Groups and Women
403(3)
Police Training
406(2)
Performance Reviews
408(3)
Retention of Police Officers
411(3)
Role and Development of Field Training Officers, First-Line Supervisors, and the Command Team
414(1)
Human Resources Contexts
415(1)
Other Administrative and Command Responsibilities
416(1)
Summary
416(2)
Discussion Questions
418(5)
References
419(2)
Bibliography
421(2)
15 The Future of Law Enforcement and Its Changing Role
423(22)
Learning Objectives
423(1)
Introduction
423(1)
Technological Trends
424(2)
Demographic Trends
426(3)
Economic and Social Trends
429(2)
Crime Trends
431(3)
Emerging Technologies
434(1)
Biometrics
434(2)
Simulation Technologies
436(1)
Artificial Intelligence
437(2)
Data Mining
439(1)
Summary
440(1)
Discussion Questions
441(4)
References
442(3)
Index 445
David H. McElreath, Ph.D., is a professor and former chair of the Department of Legal Studies at The University of Mississippi. He is a former police officer and retired United States Marine Corps Colonel. He has served as a consultant, including working on projects for the United States Department of State. He is the author of numerous publications on the criminal justice and homeland security systems. He and his wife Leisa live in Mississippi









Daniel Adrian Doss, Ph.D.

, has served as assistant professor, College of Business Administration, University of West Alabama; assistant professor, Belhaven College; adjunct assistant professor, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; and chair of graduate business and management, University of Phoenix (Memphis). His professional career has consisted of software engineering and analytical positions in both the defense and commercial industries.

Carl J. Jensen III, Ph.D.

, is the director of The University of Mississippis (UM) Center for Intelligence and Security Studies. He also is a member of UMs Department of Legal Studies and works in an adjunct capacity as a senior behavioral scientist with the RAND Corporation. Dr. Jensen was a special agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for 22 years. His FBI career included service as a field agent, a forensic examiner in the FBI Laboratory, and an instructor and assistant chief of the Behavioral Science Unit.

Michael Wigginton, Ph.D.

, has worked as assistant professor of Criminal Justice and director of The University of Mississippi Master of Criminal Justice Executive Cohort Program, Department of Legal Studies, at The University of Mississippi. He is the author of numerous publications on the criminal justice system.

Ralph Kennedy, M.Ed.

, has served as an instructor of criminal justice at The University of Mississippi; former adjunct instructor, National Center for Biomedical Research and Training, Academy of Counter-Terrorist Education, Louisiana State University; and retired special agent, U.S. Secret Service. He has also authored several articles for educational and law enforcement professional publications.

Kenneth R. Winter, M.S.C.J.

, has worked as instructor of Legal Studies, The University of Mississippi; instructor of criminal justice, Delta State University; and executive director, Mississippi Association of Chiefs of Police. He is a Certified Latent Fingerprint Examiner and Certified Senior Crime Scene Analyst by the International Association for Identification.

Robert Mongue, J.D.

, is an assistant professor of Legal Studies at The University of Mississippi and was an adjunct instructor of criminal law and paralegal studies at Andover College in Maine. He has over 30 years of experience as a trial and appellate attorney in both state and federal courts, including work as both a prosecutor and a defense attorney.

Jan Bounds, M.B.A.

, associate professor of Legal Studies, has been involved in legal studies and has taught at The University of Mississippi for 36 years. Ms. Bounds has extensive experience with the court system at both the state and federal levelsteaching court reporting and working with the court systems. She has also worked in the U.S. Attorneys Office for the Northern District of Mississippi.

J. Michelle Estis-Sumerel, M.S.

, has served as coordinator of eLearning Instruction, Itawamba Community College; and adjunct instructor, Department of Legal Studies, The University of Mississippi. She is also the creator of several courses in law enforcement, corrections, and homeland security.