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Introduction to Particle Cosmology: The Standard Model of Cosmology and its Open Problems 1st ed. 2015 [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 251 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 5685 g, 21 Illustrations, color; 9 Illustrations, black and white; XII, 251 p. 30 illus., 21 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Serija: UNITEXT for Physics
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Aug-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3662480778
  • ISBN-13: 9783662480779
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Introduction to Particle Cosmology: The Standard Model of Cosmology and its Open Problems 1st ed. 2015Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 251 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 5685 g, 21 Illustrations, color; 9 Illustrations, black and white; XII, 251 p. 30 illus., 21 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Serija: UNITEXT for Physics
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Aug-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3662480778
  • ISBN-13: 9783662480779
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783662480779.html
Raktažodžiai:
This book introduces the basic concepts of particle cosmology and covers all the main aspects of the Big Bang Model (expansion of the Universe, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Cosmic Microwave Background, large scale structures) and the search for new physics (inflation, baryogenesis, dark matter, dark energy). It also includes the majority of recent discoveries, such as the precise determination of cosmological parameters using experiments like WMAP and Planck, the discovery of the Higgs boson at LHC, the non-discovery to date of supersymmetric particles, and the search for the imprint of gravitational waves on the CMB polarization by Planck and BICEP.This textbook is based on the authors" courses on Cosmology, and aims at introducing Particle Cosmology to senior undergraduate and graduate students. It has been especially written to be accessible even for those students who do not have a strong background in General Relativity and quantum field theory. The content of this book is org

anized in an easy-to-use style and students will find it a helpful research guide.

Introduction.- The Standard Model of Particle Physics.- General Relativity.- Cosmological Models.- Thermodynamics of the Early Universe.- Inflation.- Baryogenesis.- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.- Dark Matter (DM).- Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.- Large Scale Structures.- Dark Energy

Recenzijos

This book describes the so-called Standard Cosmological Model. The present book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate physics students interested in cosmology. It is not necessary that they possess a strong background in theoretical high energy physics. (Claudia-Veronika Meister, zbMATH 1334.85001, 2016)

1 Introduction
1(16)
1.1 Problems in Newtonian Cosmology
2(1)
1.2 The Standard Model of Cosmology
3(6)
1.2.1 Hubble's Law
6(1)
1.2.2 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
7(1)
1.2.3 Cosmic Microwave Background
8(1)
1.3 Evidence for New Physics
9(5)
1.3.1 Inflation
10(1)
1.3.2 Baryogenesis
11(1)
1.3.3 Dark Matter
12(1)
1.3.4 Cosmological Constant Problems
13(1)
1.4 Age and Size of the Universe
14(2)
1.5 Cosmological Models Beyond General Relativity
16(1)
References
16(1)
2 General Relativity
17(18)
2.1 Scalars, Vectors and Tensors
17(3)
2.2 Geodesic Equations
20(3)
2.2.1 Newtonian Mechanics
20(1)
2.2.2 Relativistic Mechanics
21(2)
2.3 Energy and Momentum in Flat Spacetime
23(1)
2.4 Energy-Momentum Tensor in Flat Spacetime
24(2)
2.5 Curved Spacetime
26(1)
2.6 Field Theory in Flat and Curved Spacetimes
27(2)
2.7 Einstein Equations
29(6)
Problems
32(1)
References
33(2)
3 The Standard Model of Particle Physics
35(18)
3.1 Fermions
37(2)
3.1.1 Leptons
38(1)
3.1.2 Quarks
38(1)
3.2 Bosons
39(3)
3.2.1 Gauge Bosons
39(2)
3.2.2 Higgs Particle
41(1)
3.3 Feynman Diagrams
42(2)
3.4 Beyond the Minimal Standard Model of Particle Physics
44(5)
3.4.1 Supersymmetric Models
45(1)
3.4.2 Grand Unification Theories
46(2)
3.4.3 Heavy Neutrinos
48(1)
3.4.4 Peccei-Quinn Model
49(1)
3.5 Probabilities of Reactions Among Particles
49(4)
Problems
52(1)
References
52(1)
4 Cosmological Models
53(18)
4.1 Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Metric
54(2)
4.2 Friedmann Equations
56(1)
4.3 Cosmological Models
57(5)
4.3.1 Einstein Universe
58(1)
4.3.2 Matter Dominated Universe
58(2)
4.3.3 Radiation Dominated Universe
60(1)
4.3.4 Vacuum Dominated Universe
61(1)
4.4 Basic Properties of the FRW Metric
62(2)
4.5 Age of the Universe
64(1)
4.6 ΛCDM Model
65(3)
4.7 Destiny of the Universe
68(3)
Problems
70(1)
References
70(1)
5 Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Cosmology
71(22)
5.1 Introduction
71(1)
5.2 Thermal Equilibrium in the Early Universe
71(11)
5.2.1 General Features
71(5)
5.2.2 Kinetic Equation
76(4)
5.2.3 Plasma Heating and Entropy Conservation
80(2)
5.3 Freezing of Species
82(8)
5.3.1 Decoupling and Gershtein-Zeldovich Bound
82(4)
5.3.2 Freezing of Non-relativistic Particles
86(4)
5.4 Neutrino Spectrum and Effective Number of Neutrino Species
90(3)
Problems
92(1)
References
92(1)
6 Inflation
93(34)
6.1 Introduction and History
93(1)
6.2 Problems of Pre-inflationary Cosmology
94(7)
6.2.1 Kinematics and Main Features of Inflation
95(1)
6.2.2 Flatness Problem
96(1)
6.2.3 Horizon Problem
96(2)
6.2.4 Origin of the Cosmological Expansion
98(1)
6.2.5 Smoothing Down the Universe and Creation of Primordial Density Perturbations
98(1)
6.2.6 Magnetic Monopole Problem
99(2)
6.3 Mechanisms of Inflation
101(4)
6.3.1 Canonical Scalar Inflaton with Power Law Potential
101(2)
6.3.2 Other Mechanisms of Inflation
103(2)
6.4 Universe Heating
105(12)
6.4.1 Perturbative Production
106(3)
6.4.2 Non-perturbative Phenomena
109(3)
6.4.3 Parametric Resonance
112(3)
6.4.4 Particle Production in a Gravitational Field
115(2)
6.5 Generation of Gravitational Waves
117(4)
6.6 Generation of Density Perturbations
121(6)
References
125(2)
7 Baryogenesis
127(34)
7.1 Observational Data
127(2)
7.2 General Features of Baryogenesis Models
129(3)
7.2.1 Sakharov Principles
129(2)
7.2.2 CP Breaking in Cosmology
131(1)
7.3 Models of Baryogenesis
132(19)
7.3.1 Baryogenesis by Heavy Particle Decays
133(2)
7.3.2 Electroweak Baryogenesis
135(3)
7.3.3 Baryo-Through-Leptogenesis
138(1)
7.3.4 Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes
139(4)
7.3.5 Spontaneous Baryogenesis
143(6)
7.3.6 Baryogenesis by Condensed Scalar Baryons
149(2)
7.4 Cosmological Antimatter
151(10)
Problems
156(1)
References
156(5)
8 Big Bang Nuclesynthesis
161(14)
8.1 Light Elements in the Universe
162(1)
8.2 Freeze-Out of Weak Interactions
163(2)
8.3 Electron-Positron Annihilation
165(1)
8.4 Deuterium Bottleneck
166(2)
8.5 Primordial Nucleosynthesis
168(2)
8.6 Baryon Abundance
170(1)
8.7 Constraints on New Physics
171(4)
Problems
173(1)
References
173(2)
9 Dark Matter
175(16)
9.1 Observational Evidence
176(2)
9.2 Dark Matter Candidates
178(5)
9.2.1 Lightest Supersymmetric Particle
180(1)
9.2.2 Axion
181(1)
9.2.3 Super-Heavy Particles
181(1)
9.2.4 Primordial Black Holes
182(1)
9.3 Direct Search for Dark Matter Particles
183(4)
9.4 Indirect Search for Dark Matter Particles
187(4)
Problems
188(1)
References
188(3)
10 Cosmic Microwave Background
191(16)
10.1 Recombination and Decoupling
192(1)
10.2 Formalism for the Description of Fluctuations
193(5)
10.3 Anisotropies of the CMB
198(5)
10.3.1 Primary Anisotropies
198(2)
10.3.2 Secondary Anisotropies
200(1)
10.3.3 Polarization Anisotropies
200(3)
10.4 Primordial Perturbations
203(1)
10.5 Determination of the Cosmological Parameters
204(3)
Problems
205(1)
References
205(2)
11 Dark Energy
207(10)
11.1 Cosmological Acceleration
207(6)
11.1.1 Astronomical Data
209(2)
11.1.2 Acceleration by a Scalar Field
211(1)
11.1.3 Modified Gravity
212(1)
11.2 Problem of Vacuum Energy
213(4)
References
215(2)
12 Density Perturbations
217(28)
12.1 Density Perturbations in Newtonian Gravity
217(6)
12.2 Density Perturbations in General Relativity
223(13)
12.2.1 Metric and Curvature
223(1)
12.2.2 Energy-Momentum Tensor
224(1)
12.2.3 Choice of Gauge
225(2)
12.2.4 Evolution of Perturbations in Asymptotically Flat Spacetime
227(1)
12.2.5 Evolution of Perturbations in Cosmology
228(7)
12.2.6 Concluding Remarks
235(1)
12.3 Density Perturbations in Modified Gravity
236(9)
12.3.1 General Equations
236(5)
12.3.2 Modified Jeans Instability
241(2)
12.3.3 Effects of Time Dependent Background
243(1)
Problems
243(1)
References
244(1)
Appendix A Natural Units 245(2)
Appendix B Gauge Theories 247(2)
Appendix C Field Quantization 249
Cosimo Bambi is Professor at the Department of Physics of Fudan University. He received the PhD from Ferrara University (Italy) in 2007. He was a postdoc at Wayne State University (Michigan), at IPMU at The University of Tokyo (Japan), in the group of Prof. Dvali at LMU Munich (Germany). He moved to Fudan University at the end of 2012 under the Thousand Young Talents Program. His research interests cover several areas in gravity, cosmology, and high energy astrophysics. He has published over 80 research papers in refereed journals and 2 review papers.

DOLGOV Alexandre Dmitrievich is a professor at Universita di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy; ITEP, Moscow, Russia; and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. He got his PhD (Candidate of Science in Russia) in 1969. He won Lenin Komsomol Award in 1973, Landau-Weizmann Award for theoretical physics in1996, Pontecorvo Prize by JINR in 2009, Friedmann Prize by Russian Academy of sciences in 2011. His publications include more than 250 titles in English and Russian with an overall number of citations about 6500. Among them there are several review papers published in Reviews of Modern Physics, Physics Reports, Sov. Phys. Uspekhi, Surveys in High Energy Physics, and books "Kosmologiya Rannei Vselennoi" ("Cosmology of the early Universe"), MGU Publishers, Moscow, 1988 and "Basics of Modern Cosmology", Edition Frontier, Paris, 1990.2