Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
Author |
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xix | |
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1 Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Measurement of Light |
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1 | (24) |
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1.1 Electromagnetic Wave Theory of Light |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Classical Superposition |
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4 | (5) |
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9 | (4) |
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1.4 Intensity of Light: Expectation and Fluctuation |
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13 | (3) |
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1.4.1 Chaotic-Thermal Light |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5 Measurement of Intensity: Ensemble Average and Time Average |
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16 | (8) |
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1.5.1 Unavoidable Time Average Caused by the Finite Response Time of the Measurement Device |
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18 | (2) |
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1.5.2 Timely Accumulative Measurement |
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20 | (4) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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2 Coherence Property of Light---The State of the Radiation |
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25 | (16) |
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2.1 Coherence Property of Light |
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25 | (7) |
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2.1.1 Incoherent Sub-Source and Incoherent Fourier-Mode: Chaotic Light |
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25 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Coherent Sub-Sources and Coherent Fourier-Modes |
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26 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Incoherent Sub-Sources and Coherent Fourier-Modes |
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27 | (3) |
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2.1.4 Coherent Sub-Sources and Incoherent Fourier-Modes |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (6) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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3 Diffraction and Propagation |
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41 | (12) |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (5) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (10) |
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4.1 A Classic Imaging System |
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55 | (5) |
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4.2 Fourier Transform via a Lens |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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5 First-Order Coherence of Light |
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63 | (22) |
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5.1 First-Order Temporal Coherence |
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67 | (12) |
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5.1.1 Γ(r1,t1;r2,t2): Chaotic-Thermal Light |
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67 | (3) |
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5.1.2 Γ(r1,t1;r2,t2): A Large Number of Overlapped and Partially Overlapped Wavepackets |
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70 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Γ(r1,t1;r2,t2): A Wavepacket |
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72 | (4) |
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5.1.4 Γ(r1,t1;r2,t2): Two Wavepackets |
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76 | (2) |
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5.1.5 Γ(r1,t1;r2,t2): CW Laser Radiation |
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78 | (1) |
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5.2 First-Order Spatial Coherence |
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79 | (5) |
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5.2.1 Chaotic-Thermal Source |
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80 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Coherent Radiation Source |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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6 Second-Order Coherence of Light |
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85 | (42) |
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6.1 Second-Order Coherence of Coherent Light |
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87 | (3) |
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6.2 Second-Order Correlation of Chaotic-Thermal Radiation and the HBT Interferometer |
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90 | (13) |
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6.2.1 HBT Interferometer I: Second-Order Temporal Coherence |
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93 | (4) |
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6.2.2 HBT Interferometer II: Second-Order Spatial Coherence |
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97 | (2) |
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6.2.3 HBT Correlation and the Detection-Time Average |
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99 | (4) |
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6.3 The Physical Cause of the HBT Phenomenon |
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103 | (8) |
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6.4 Near-Field Second-Order Spatial Coherence of Thermal Light |
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111 | (4) |
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6.5 Nth-Order Coherence of Light |
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115 | (5) |
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6.6 Nth-Order Near-Field Spatial Coherence of Thermal Light |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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7 Homodyne Detection and Heterodyne Detection of Light |
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127 | (14) |
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7.1 Optical Homodyne and Heterodyne Detection |
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127 | (2) |
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7.2 Balanced Homodyne and Heterodyne Detection |
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129 | (6) |
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7.3 Balanced Homodyne Detection of Independent and Coupled Thermal Fields |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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8 Quantum Theory of Light: Field Quantization and Measurement |
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141 | (76) |
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8.1 The Experimental Foundation---Part I: Blackbody Radiation |
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142 | (5) |
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8.2 The Experimental Foundation---Part II: Photoelectric Effect |
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147 | (4) |
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8.3 The Light Quantum and the Field Quantization |
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151 | (10) |
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8.4 Photon Number State of Radiation Field |
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161 | (5) |
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8.5 Coherent State of Radiation Field |
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166 | (4) |
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8.6 Density Operator and Density Matrix |
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170 | (5) |
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8.7 Composite System and Two-Photon State of Radiation Field |
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175 | (3) |
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8.8 A Simple Model of Incoherent and Coherent Radiation Source |
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178 | (7) |
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8.9 Pure State and Mixed State |
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185 | (11) |
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8.10 Product State, Entangled State, and Mixed State of Photon Pairs |
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196 | (7) |
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8.11 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory |
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203 | (2) |
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8.12 Measurement of Light: Photon Counting |
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205 | (2) |
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8.13 Measurement of Light: Joint Detection of Photons |
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207 | (3) |
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8.14 Field Propagation in Space-Time |
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210 | (4) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (3) |
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9 Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence |
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217 | (58) |
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9.1 Quantum Degree of First-Order Coherence |
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220 | (13) |
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9.2 Photon and Effective Wavefunction |
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233 | (3) |
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9.3 Measurement of the First-Order Coherence or Correlation |
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236 | (3) |
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9.4 Interference between Independent Radiations |
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239 | (3) |
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9.5 Quantum Degree of Second-Order Coherence |
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242 | (17) |
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9.6 Two-Photon Interference vs. Statistical Correlation of Intensity Fluctuations |
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259 | (2) |
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9.7 Second-Order Spatial Correlation of Thermal Light |
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261 | (6) |
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9.8 Photon Counting and Measurement of G(2) |
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267 | (4) |
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9.9 Quantum Degree of Nth-Order Coherence |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (34) |
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10.1 EPR Experiment and EPR State |
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276 | (6) |
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10.2 Product State, Entangled State, and Classically Correlated State |
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282 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Classically Correlated State |
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284 | (1) |
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10.3 Entangled States in Spin Variables |
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284 | (1) |
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10.4 Entangled Biphoton State |
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285 | (6) |
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10.5 EPR Correlation of Entangled Biphoton System |
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291 | (8) |
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10.6 Subsystem in an Entangled Two-Photon State |
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299 | (4) |
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10.7 Biphoton in Dispersive Media |
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303 | (4) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (42) |
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309 | (8) |
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317 | (9) |
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11.3 Ghost Imaging and Uncertainty Relation |
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326 | (8) |
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11.4 Thermal Light Ghost Imaging |
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334 | (7) |
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11.5 Classical Simulation of Ghost Imaging |
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341 | (3) |
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11.6 Turbulence-Free Ghost Imaging |
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344 | (3) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (3) |
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12 Two-Photon Interferometry---I: Biphoton Interference |
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351 | (36) |
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12.1 Is Two-Photon Interference the Interference of Two Photons? |
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353 | (10) |
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12.2 Two-Photon Interference with Orthogonal Polarization |
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363 | (4) |
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12.3 Franson Interferometer |
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367 | (4) |
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12.4 Two-Photon Ghost Interference |
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371 | (5) |
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12.5 Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser |
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376 | (8) |
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384 | (1) |
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384 | (3) |
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13 Two-Photon Interferometry---II: Quantum Interference of Chaotic-Thermal Light |
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387 | (34) |
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13.1 Two-Photon Young's Interference |
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388 | (8) |
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13.2 Two-Photon Anti-Correlation of Incoherent Chaotic-Thermal Light |
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396 | (12) |
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13.3 Two-Photon Interference with Incoherent Orthogonal Polarized Chaotic-Thermal Light |
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408 | (12) |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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14 Bell's Theorem and Bell's Inequality Measurement |
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421 | (28) |
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14.1 Hidden Variable Theory and Quantum Calculation for the Measurement of Spin 1/2 Bohm State |
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426 | (3) |
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14.2 Bell's Theorem and Bell's Inequality |
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429 | (5) |
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434 | (4) |
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14.4 Bell State Preparation |
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438 | (8) |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
Index |
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449 | |