| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Part I: The Study Of Sociology |
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1 | (42) |
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3 | (22) |
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6 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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The Development Of Sociological Thinking |
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9 | (5) |
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Theories and Theoretical Approaches |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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Understanding the Modern World: The Sociological Debate |
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13 | (1) |
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Modern Theoretical Approaches |
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14 | (6) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Theoretical Thinking in Sociology |
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17 | (3) |
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How Can Sociology Help Us? |
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20 | (5) |
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2 Asking And Answering Sociological Questions |
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25 | (18) |
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27 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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Asking And Answering Sociological Questions: Historical Context |
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29 | (1) |
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Asking And Answering Sociological Questions Today: Research Methods |
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30 | (9) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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Comparative Historical Research |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (6) |
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Can Sociology Identify Causes and Effects? |
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39 | (1) |
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How Can Social Research Avoid Exploitation? |
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39 | (1) |
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Can We Really Study Human Social Life in a Scientific Way? |
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39 | (4) |
| Part II: The Individual And Society |
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43 | (130) |
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45 | (28) |
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47 | (5) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (1) |
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The Sociological Study Of Culture |
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52 | (5) |
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Culture and Change: A "Cultural Turn" in Sociology? |
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52 | (1) |
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Early Human Culture: Greater Adaptation to Physical Environment |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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Research Today: Understanding The Modern World |
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57 | (7) |
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58 | (1) |
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Contemporary Industrial Societies: Cultural Conformity or Diversity? |
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59 | (5) |
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64 | (9) |
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Does Nature or Nurture More Powerfully Influence Human Behavior? |
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64 | (2) |
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Does the Internet Promote a Global Culture? |
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66 | (1) |
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Does Globalization Weaken or Strengthen Local Cultures? |
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66 | (1) |
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How Easily Do Cultures Change? |
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67 | (6) |
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4 Socialization And The Life Course |
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73 | (24) |
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75 | (9) |
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75 | (4) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Socialization through the Life Course |
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81 | (3) |
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Theories Of Socialization |
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84 | (4) |
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G.H. Mead and the Development of Self |
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85 | (1) |
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Charles-Horton Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self |
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85 | (1) |
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Jean Piaget and the Stages of Cognitive Development |
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86 | (1) |
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Sigmund Freud's Theory of Gender Identity |
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87 | (1) |
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Nancy Chodorow's Theory of Gender Identity |
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87 | (1) |
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Carol Gilligan's Theory of Moral Development |
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88 | (1) |
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Research On Socialization Today: Race Socialization |
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88 | (2) |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (7) |
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Are Gender Differences Caused by Social Influences? |
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90 | (2) |
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Is It Possible to Practice Nonsexist Child Rearing? |
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92 | (1) |
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How Do Children Learn to Bully? Can They Unlearn? |
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92 | (5) |
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5 Social Interaction And Everyday Life In The Age Of The Internet |
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97 | (24) |
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99 | (7) |
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Impression Management: The World as a Stage |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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Focused and Unfocused Interaction |
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103 | (2) |
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Interaction in Time and Space |
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105 | (1) |
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Theories Of Social Interaction |
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106 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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Edward T. Hall-Personal Space |
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106 | (1) |
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Harold Garfinkel: Ethnomethodology |
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107 | (1) |
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Contemporary Research On Social Interaction |
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108 | (6) |
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108 | (3) |
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Interaction on the "Digital Street" |
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111 | (1) |
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The Macro-Micro Link: Anderson's Streetwise |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (7) |
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How Do We Manage Impressions in the Internet Age |
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114 | (1) |
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What Happens When Dating Moves Online? |
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115 | (1) |
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How Far Can Electronic Communication Substitute for Face-to-Face Communication? |
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116 | (5) |
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6 Groups, Networks, And Organizations |
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121 | (24) |
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123 | (4) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Theories Of Groups, Organizations, And Networks |
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127 | (7) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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Theories of Organizations |
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130 | (4) |
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Contemporary Research On Groups And Networks |
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134 | (4) |
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The "McDonaldization" of Society? |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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The Internet as Social Network |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (7) |
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Is Democracy Meaningless in the Face of Increasingly Powerful Bureaucratic Organizations? |
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138 | (1) |
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How Are Late-Modern Organizations Reinventing Themselves? |
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138 | (2) |
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Can the Traditional Organization Survive? |
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140 | (5) |
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7 Conformity, Deviance, And Crime |
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145 | (28) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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Society And Crime: Sociological Theories |
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148 | (6) |
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148 | (3) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Research On Crime And Deviance Today |
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154 | (10) |
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Race and the Criminal Justice System |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Reporting on Crime and Crime Statistics |
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158 | (1) |
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Victims and Perpetrators of Crime |
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159 | (5) |
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164 | (11) |
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Why Have Crime Rates Gone Down? |
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164 | (1) |
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Can We Reduce Crime through New Policing Techniques? |
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165 | (1) |
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Will New Surveillance Technologies Eliminate Deviance? |
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166 | (1) |
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Can We Prevent Crime by Building Stronger Communities? |
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167 | (6) |
| Part III: Structures Of Power |
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173 | (178) |
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8 Stratification, Class, And Inequality |
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175 | (30) |
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177 | (6) |
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Systems of Stratification |
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177 | (6) |
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Theories Of Stratification In Modern Societies |
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183 | (2) |
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Marx: Means of Production and the Analysis of Class |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Davis and Moore: The Functions of Stratification |
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184 | (1) |
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Erik Olin Wright: Contradictory Class Locations |
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185 | (1) |
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Research On Social Stratification Today |
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185 | (11) |
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A Contemporary Portrait of the U.S. Class Structure |
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185 | (4) |
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Social Mobility: Moving Up and Down the Ladder |
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189 | (2) |
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Poverty in the United States |
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191 | (5) |
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196 | (9) |
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Is Inequality Declining or Increasing in the United States? |
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196 | (2) |
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Why Are Poverty Rates Rising in the United States? The Sociological Debate |
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198 | (2) |
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What Can Be Done to Combat Poverty? |
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200 | (1) |
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How Will These Economic Patterns Affect Your Life? |
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201 | (4) |
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205 | (24) |
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207 | (3) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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Theories Of Global Inequality |
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210 | (7) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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Global Commodity-Chains Theory |
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215 | (1) |
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Evaluating Theories of Global Inequality |
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216 | (1) |
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Research On Global Inequality Today |
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217 | (3) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (9) |
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What Are the Causes of Inequality in the World Today? |
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221 | (1) |
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Is Global Poverty Increasing or Decreasing? |
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221 | (1) |
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What about Inequality within Countries? |
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222 | (2) |
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What Does Rapid Globalization Mean for the Future of Global Inequality? |
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224 | (5) |
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229 | (36) |
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232 | (7) |
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Understanding Sex Differences: The Role of Biology |
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233 | (1) |
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Gender Socialization: How Gender Differences Are Learned |
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234 | (2) |
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The Social Construction of Gender: How We Learn to "Do Gender" |
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236 | (3) |
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Sociological Theories Of Gender Inequalities |
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239 | (4) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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Research On Gender Today: Documenting And Understanding Gendered Inequalities |
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243 | (10) |
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Gendered Inequalities in Education: Unequal Treatment in the Classroom |
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243 | (2) |
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Gendered Inequalities in the Workplace |
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245 | (6) |
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Gendered Inequalities in Families: Division of Household Labor |
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251 | (1) |
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Gender Inequality in Politics |
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252 | (1) |
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Unanswered Questions: Why Do Gender Inequalities Persist? |
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253 | (12) |
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The Gender Pay Gap: Why Do Women Earn Less Than Men? |
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254 | (3) |
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How Does Gender Inequality Affect Men? |
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257 | (1) |
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Why Are Women So Often the Targets of Violence? |
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258 | (7) |
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11 Race, Ethnicity, And Racism |
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265 | (28) |
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268 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (5) |
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270 | (1) |
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Racism in the United States Today |
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271 | (4) |
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Race And Racism In Historical And Comparative Perspective |
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275 | (8) |
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276 | (1) |
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Blacks in the United States |
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277 | (1) |
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Hispanics and Latinos in the United States |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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Models of Ethnic Integration |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (10) |
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Do New Immigrants Help or Hinder the Nation's Economy? |
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283 | (2) |
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Has Real Progress Been Made Since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s? |
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285 | (3) |
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How Can Ethnic Conflict Be Reduced? |
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288 | (5) |
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293 | (24) |
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295 | (4) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (3) |
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Growing Old: Theories Of Aging |
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299 | (3) |
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The First Generation of Theories: Functionalism |
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299 | (1) |
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The Second Generation of Theories: Social Conflict |
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300 | (1) |
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The Third Generation of Theories: Life Course |
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301 | (1) |
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Research On Aging In The United States Today |
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302 | (6) |
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Who Are America's Older Adults? |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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Unanswered Questions: The Political And Economic Impact Of Population Aging |
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308 | (9) |
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Do Older Americans Get an Unfair Amount of Government Support? |
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309 | (1) |
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Can Medicare and Social Security Survive the "Graying" of America? |
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309 | (1) |
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How Will Nations of the World Cope with Global Aging? |
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310 | (7) |
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13 Government, Political Power, And Social Movements |
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317 | (34) |
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319 | (4) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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Who Rules? Theories Of Democracy |
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323 | (3) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (2) |
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Recent Research On U.S. Politics And Social Movements |
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326 | (16) |
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Democracy in the United States |
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326 | (4) |
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The Political Participation of Women |
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330 | (1) |
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Political Participation in the United States |
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331 | (1) |
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Political and Social Change through Social Movements |
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332 | (9) |
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The Nation-State, National Identity, and Globalization |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (11) |
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Why Is Voter Turnout So Low in the United States? |
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342 | (2) |
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Did the Internet Shape the Outcome of the 2016 Presidential Election? |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (6) |
| Part IV: Social Institutions |
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351 | (128) |
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14 Work And Economic Life |
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353 | (32) |
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355 | (2) |
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Theories Of Work And Economic Life |
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357 | (8) |
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357 | (2) |
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Fordism and Scientific Management (Taylorism) |
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359 | (2) |
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361 | (3) |
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364 | (1) |
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Current Research On Work And Economic Life |
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365 | (13) |
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Corporations and Corporate Power |
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365 | (5) |
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Workers and Their Challenges |
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370 | (8) |
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378 | (7) |
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Will Automation Make Things Better or Worse for Workers? |
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378 | (1) |
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What Will the Economy of the Future Look Like? |
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379 | (1) |
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How Permanent Is Your Job Likely to Be? |
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380 | (5) |
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15 Families And Intimate Relationships |
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385 | (34) |
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388 | (1) |
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Theoretical And Historical Perspectives On Families |
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389 | (5) |
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Sociological Theories of Families |
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389 | (3) |
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Historical Perspectives on Families |
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392 | (2) |
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Research On Families Today |
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394 | (16) |
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Changes in Family Patterns Worldwide |
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394 | (1) |
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Marriage and Families in the United States |
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395 | (14) |
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The Dark Side of Families |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (9) |
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Is Cohabitation a Substitute for Marriage? |
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410 | (2) |
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Does Living Together Help Reduce the Chances for Divorce? |
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412 | (1) |
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Do Children Raised by Same-Sex Parents Fare Differently Than Children Raised by Opposite-Sex Parents? |
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413 | (1) |
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Are Single People Less Happy Than Married People? |
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414 | (5) |
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419 | (26) |
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421 | (2) |
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Achievement Gap: Components, Patterns, and Explanations |
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421 | (1) |
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Cognitive and Noncognitive Resources |
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422 | (1) |
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Sociological Theories Of Education |
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423 | (2) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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Pierre Bourdieu and Cultural Capital |
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424 | (1) |
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Research On Education Today |
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425 | (13) |
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Macrosocial Influences on Student Outcomes: Do Schools and Neighborhoods Matter? |
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426 | (3) |
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Cultural and Social-Psychological Influences on Student Outcomes |
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429 | (2) |
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Public-Policy Influences on Student Outcomes |
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431 | (2) |
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Global Perspectives: Education and Literacy in the Developing World |
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433 | (3) |
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The Impact of the Media and Educational Technology on Everyday Life |
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436 | (2) |
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438 | (7) |
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Is Intelligence Shaped by Genes or Environment? |
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438 | (1) |
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Is Homeschooling a Substitute for Traditional Schooling? |
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439 | (1) |
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Who Benefits from "International Education"? |
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440 | (5) |
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17 Religion In Modern Society |
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445 | (34) |
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448 | (4) |
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How Sociologists Think about Religion |
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448 | (2) |
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What Do Sociologists of Religion Study? |
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450 | (1) |
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Types of Religious Organizations |
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450 | (2) |
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Sociological Theories Of Religion |
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452 | (5) |
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452 | (2) |
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Contemporary Approaches: Religious Economy |
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454 | (1) |
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Secularization: The Sociological Debate |
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455 | (2) |
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The Sociology Of Religion: Current Research |
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457 | (9) |
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457 | (4) |
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Religion in the United States |
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461 | (2) |
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463 | (3) |
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Religious Affiliation and Socioeconomic Status |
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466 | (6) |
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467 | (2) |
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The Global Rise of Religious Nationalism |
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469 | (3) |
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472 | (9) |
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Is America Experiencing Secularization or Religious Revival? |
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473 | (1) |
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How Resurgent Is Evangelicalism? |
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473 | (2) |
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Is Religious Violence on the Rise? |
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475 | (4) |
| Part V: Social Change In The Modern World |
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479 | |
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18 The Sociology Of The Body: Health, Illness, And Sexuality |
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481 | (36) |
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485 | (3) |
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Changing Conceptions of Health, Illness, and Medicine |
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485 | (2) |
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Diverse Conceptions of Human Sexuality |
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487 | (1) |
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Theories And Historical Approaches To Understanding Health, Illness, And Sexuality |
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488 | (6) |
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Colonialism and the Spread of Disease |
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489 | (1) |
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Sociological Theories of Health and Illness |
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489 | (4) |
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History of Sexuality in Western Culture |
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493 | (1) |
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Research On Health, Illness, And Sexuality Today |
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494 | (14) |
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Social Patterning of Health and Illness in the United States |
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495 | (5) |
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Global Health Inequalities |
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500 | (3) |
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Contemporary Research on Sexual Behavior Over the Life Course |
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503 | (3) |
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Reproduction in the Twenty-First Century: Pushing the Limits of Technology |
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506 | (2) |
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508 | (9) |
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Does Income Inequality Threaten Health? |
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508 | (1) |
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Is Alternative Medicine as Effective as "Mainstream" Medicine? |
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509 | (1) |
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Are Eating Disorders Primarily a "Women's" Problem? |
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510 | (2) |
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Is Sexual Orientation Inborn or Learned? |
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512 | (5) |
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19 Population, Urbanization, And The Environment |
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517 | (36) |
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519 | (3) |
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Population Analysis: Demography |
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519 | (1) |
|
Dynamics of Population Change |
|
|
520 | (2) |
|
Urban Sociology: Some Influential Theories |
|
|
522 | (7) |
|
|
|
522 | (3) |
|
Jane Jacobs: "Eyes and Ears upon the Street" |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Urbanism and the Created Environment |
|
|
526 | (2) |
|
Saskia Sassen: Global Cities |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Recent Research On Population, Urbanization, And The Environment |
|
|
529 | (17) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
The Rise of the Megalopolis |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
Urbanization in the Global South |
|
|
532 | (3) |
|
Rural, Suburban, and Urban Life in the United States |
|
|
535 | (6) |
|
Population Growth, Urbanization, and Environmental Challenges |
|
|
541 | (5) |
|
|
|
546 | (7) |
|
Is There a New Ecological Paradigm? |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Will Global Population Growth Outstrip Resources? |
|
|
547 | (6) |
|
20 Globalization In A Changing World |
|
|
553 | |
|
|
|
555 | (4) |
|
|
|
555 | (4) |
|
Current Theories: Is Globalization Today Something New-Or Have We Seen It All Before? |
|
|
559 | (3) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
Whose View Is Most Nearly Correct? |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
Recent Research On Globalization And Social Change |
|
|
562 | (11) |
|
Factors Contributing to Globalization |
|
|
562 | (3) |
|
The Effect of Globalization on Our Lives |
|
|
565 | (2) |
|
|
|
567 | (2) |
|
Globalization and Inequality |
|
|
569 | (4) |
|
|
|
573 | |
|
What Comes after Modern Industrial Society? |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Is There a Need for Global Governance? |
|
|
574 | |
| Glossary |
|
A1 | |
| Bibliography |
|
A12 | |
| Credits |
|
A81 | |
| Index |
|
A84 | |
| Index Of Infographics |
|
A100 | |
