| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Part I: The Study Of Sociology |
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1 | (52) |
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3 | (28) |
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6 | (5) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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The Development Of Sociological Thinking |
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11 | (7) |
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Theories and Theoretical Approaches |
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11 | (4) |
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15 | (2) |
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Understanding the Modern World: The Sociological Debate |
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17 | (1) |
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Modern Theoretical Approaches |
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18 | (8) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Theoretical Thinking in Sociology |
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24 | (2) |
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How Can Sociology Help Us? |
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26 | (5) |
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2 Asking And Answering Sociological Questions |
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31 | (22) |
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33 | (4) |
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34 | (3) |
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Asking And Answering Sociological Questions: Historical Context |
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37 | (1) |
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Asking And Answering Sociological Questions Today: Research Methods |
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38 | (10) |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (4) |
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44 | (1) |
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Comparative Historical Research |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (7) |
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Can Sociology Identify Causes and Effects? |
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48 | (1) |
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How Can Social Research Avoid Exploitation? |
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49 | (1) |
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Can We Really Study Human Social Life in a Scientific Way? |
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49 | (4) |
| Part II: The Individual And Society |
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53 | (160) |
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55 | (36) |
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58 | (6) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (1) |
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The Sociological Study Of Culture |
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64 | (7) |
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Culture and Change: A "Cultural Turn" in Sociology? |
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64 | (1) |
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Early Human Culture: Greater Adaptation to Physical Environment |
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65 | (4) |
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69 | (2) |
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Research Today: Understanding The Modern World |
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71 | (9) |
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72 | (2) |
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Contemporary Industrial Societies: Cultural Conformity or Diversity? |
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74 | (6) |
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80 | (11) |
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Does Nature or Nurture More Powerfully Influence Human Behavior? |
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80 | (2) |
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Does the Internet Promote a Global Culture? |
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82 | (2) |
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Does Globalization Weaken or Strengthen Local Cultures? |
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84 | (1) |
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How Easily Do Cultures Change? |
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85 | (6) |
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4 Socialization And The Life Course |
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91 | (30) |
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94 | (11) |
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94 | (5) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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Socialization through the Life Course |
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101 | (4) |
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Theories Of Socialization |
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105 | (5) |
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G.H. Mead and the Development of Self |
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106 | (1) |
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Charles Horton Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self |
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106 | (1) |
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Jean Piaget and the Stages of Cognitive Development |
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107 | (2) |
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Sigmund Freud&aposs Theory of Gender Identity |
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109 | (1) |
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Nancy Chodorow&aposs Theory of Gender Identity |
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109 | (1) |
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Carol Gilligan&aposs Theory of Moral Development |
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110 | (1) |
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Research On Socialization Today: Race Socialization |
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110 | (3) |
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110 | (3) |
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113 | (8) |
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Are Gender Differences Caused by Social Influences? |
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113 | (3) |
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Is It Possible to Practice Nonsexist Child Rearing? |
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116 | (1) |
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How Do Children Learn to Bully? Can They Unlearn? |
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116 | (5) |
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5 Social Interaction And Everyday Life In The Age Of The Internet |
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121 | (30) |
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123 | (9) |
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Impression Management: The World as a Stage |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (1) |
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Focused and Unfocused Interaction |
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130 | (1) |
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Interaction in Time and Space |
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131 | (1) |
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Theories Of Social Interaction |
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132 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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Edward T. Hall-Personal Space |
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133 | (1) |
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Harold Garfinkel: Ethnomethodology |
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134 | (2) |
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Contemporary Research On Social Interaction |
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136 | (7) |
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136 | (3) |
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Interaction on the "Digital Street" |
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139 | (1) |
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The Macro-Micro Link: Anderson&aposs Streetwise |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (8) |
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How Do We Manage Impressions in the Internet Age |
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143 | (1) |
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What Happens When Dating Moves Online? |
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143 | (2) |
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How Far Can Electronic Communication Substitute for Face-to-Face Communication? |
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145 | (6) |
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6 Groups, Networks, And Organizations |
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151 | (28) |
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153 | (6) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Theories Of Groups, Organizations, And Networks |
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159 | (8) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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Theories of Organizations |
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162 | (5) |
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Contemporary Research On Groups And Networks |
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167 | (4) |
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The "McDonaldization" of Society? |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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The Internet as Social Network |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (8) |
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Is Democracy Meaningless in the Face of Increasingly Powerful Bureaucratic Organizations? |
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171 | (1) |
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How Are Late-Modern Organizations Reinventing Themselves? |
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172 | (2) |
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Can the Traditional Organization Survive? |
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174 | (5) |
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7 Conformity, Deviance, And Crime |
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179 | (34) |
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181 | (3) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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Society And Crime: Sociological Theories |
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184 | (7) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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Research On Crime And Deviance Today |
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191 | (12) |
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Race and the Criminal Justice System |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Reporting on Crime and Crime Statistics |
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196 | (2) |
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Victims and Perpetrators of Crime |
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198 | (5) |
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203 | (12) |
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Why Have Crime Rates Gone Down? |
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203 | (1) |
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Can We Reduce Crime through New Policing Techniques? |
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204 | (2) |
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Will New Surveillance Technologies Eliminate Deviance? |
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206 | (2) |
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Can We Prevent Crime by Building Stronger Communities? |
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208 | (5) |
| Part III: Structures Of Power |
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213 | (220) |
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8 Stratification, Class, And Inequality |
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215 | (36) |
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217 | (7) |
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Systems of Stratification |
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217 | (7) |
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Theories Of Stratification In Modern Societies |
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224 | (4) |
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Marx: Means of Production and the Analysis of Class |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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Davis and Moore: The Functions of Stratification |
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226 | (1) |
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Erik Olin Wright: Contradictory Class Locations |
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226 | (2) |
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Research On Social Stratification Today |
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228 | (14) |
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A Contemporary Portrait of the U.S. Class Structure |
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228 | (5) |
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Social Mobility: Moving Up and Down the Ladder |
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233 | (3) |
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Poverty in the United States |
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236 | (6) |
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242 | (9) |
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Is Inequality Declining or Increasing in the United States? |
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242 | (2) |
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Why Are Poverty Rates Rising in the United States? The Sociological Debate |
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244 | (2) |
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What Can Be Done to Combat Poverty? |
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246 | (1) |
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How Will These Economic Patterns Affect Your Life? |
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247 | (4) |
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251 | (28) |
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253 | (3) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Theories Of Global Inequality |
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256 | (9) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (2) |
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Global Commodity-Chains Theory |
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262 | (2) |
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Evaluating Theories of Global Inequality |
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264 | (1) |
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Research On Global Inequality Today |
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265 | (4) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (10) |
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What Are the Causes of Inequality in the World Today? |
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269 | (1) |
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Is Global Poverty Increasing or Decreasing? |
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270 | (1) |
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What about Inequality Within Countries? |
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271 | (1) |
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What Does Rapid Globalization Mean for the Future of Global Inequality? |
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272 | (7) |
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279 | (46) |
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283 | (9) |
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Understanding Sex Differences: The Role of Biology |
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284 | (2) |
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Gender Socialization: How Gender Differences Are Learned |
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286 | (2) |
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The Social Construction of Gender: How We Learn to "Do Gender" |
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288 | (4) |
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Sociological Theories Of Gender Inequalities |
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292 | (6) |
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292 | (2) |
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294 | (4) |
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Research On Gender Today: Documenting And Understanding Gender Inequalities |
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298 | (15) |
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Gendered Inequalities in Education: Unequal Treatment in the Classroom |
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299 | (2) |
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Gendered Inequalities in the Workplace |
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301 | (9) |
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Gendered Inequalities in Families: Division of Household Labor |
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310 | (2) |
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Gender Inequality in Politics |
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312 | (1) |
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Unanswered Questions: Why Do Gender Inequalities Persist? |
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313 | (12) |
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The Gender Pay Gap: Why Do Women Earn Less Than Men? |
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313 | (3) |
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How Does Gender Inequality Affect Men? |
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316 | (1) |
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Why Are Women So Often the Targets of Violence? |
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317 | (8) |
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11 Race, Ethnicity, And Racism |
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325 | (34) |
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328 | (2) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (6) |
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330 | (1) |
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Racism in the United States Today |
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331 | (5) |
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Race And Racism In Historical And Comparative Perspective |
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336 | (11) |
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338 | (1) |
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Blacks in the United States |
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339 | (2) |
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Hispanics and Latinos in the United States |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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Models of Ethnic Integration |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (3) |
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347 | (12) |
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Do New Immigrants Help or Hinder the Nation&aposs Economy? |
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347 | (2) |
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Has Real Progress Been Made Since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s? |
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349 | (5) |
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How Can Ethnic Conflict Be Reduced? |
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354 | (5) |
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359 | (30) |
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362 | (5) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (4) |
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Growing Old: Theories Of Aging |
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367 | (3) |
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The First Generation of Theories: Functionalism |
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367 | (2) |
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The Second Generation of Theories: Social Conflict |
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369 | (1) |
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The Third Generation of Theories: Life Course |
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369 | (1) |
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Research On Aging In The United States Today |
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370 | (10) |
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Who Are America&aposs Older Adults? |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (2) |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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Unanswered Questions: The Political And Economic Impact Of Population Aging |
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380 | (9) |
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Do Older Americans Get an Unfair Amount of Government Support? |
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381 | (1) |
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Can Medicare and Social Security Survive the "Graying" of America? |
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382 | (1) |
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How Will Nations of the World Cope with Global Aging? |
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383 | (6) |
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13 Government, Political Power, And Social Movements |
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389 | (44) |
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391 | (5) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (3) |
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Who Rules? Theories Of Democracy |
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396 | (5) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (3) |
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Recent Research On U.S. Politics And Social Movements |
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401 | (22) |
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Democracy in the United States |
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401 | (6) |
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The Political Participation of Women |
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407 | (2) |
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Political Participation in the United States |
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409 | (2) |
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Political and Social Change through Social Movements |
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411 | (11) |
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The Nation-State, National Identity, and Globalization |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (12) |
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Why Is Voter Turnout So Low in the United States? |
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423 | (1593) |
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Did the Internet Shape the Outcome of the |
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2016 | |
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425 | (2) |
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427 | (6) |
| Part IV: Social Institutions |
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433 | (162) |
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14 Work And Economic Life |
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435 | (40) |
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438 | (3) |
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Theories Of Work And Economic Life |
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441 | (10) |
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441 | (2) |
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Fordism and Scientific Management (Taylorism) |
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443 | (2) |
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445 | (4) |
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449 | (2) |
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Current Research On Work And Economic Life |
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451 | (16) |
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Corporations and Corporate Power |
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451 | (6) |
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Workers and Their Challenges |
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457 | (10) |
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467 | (8) |
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Will Automation Make Things Better or Worse for Workers? |
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468 | (1) |
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What Will the Economy of the Future Look Like? |
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469 | (1) |
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How Permanent Is Your Job Likely to Be? |
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470 | (5) |
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15 Families And Intimate Relationships |
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475 | (44) |
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478 | (2) |
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Theoretical And Historical Perspectives On Families |
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480 | (8) |
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Sociological Theories of Families |
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480 | (5) |
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Historical Perspectives on Families |
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485 | (3) |
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Research On Families Today |
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488 | (21) |
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Changes in Family Patterns Worldwide |
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488 | (1) |
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Marriage and Families in the United States |
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489 | (18) |
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The Dark Side of Families |
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507 | (2) |
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509 | (10) |
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Is Cohabitation a Substitute for Marriage? |
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509 | (2) |
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Does Living Together Help Reduce the Chances for Divorce? |
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511 | (2) |
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Do Children Raised by Same-Sex Parents Fare Differently Than Children Raised by Opposite-Sex Parents? |
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513 | (1) |
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Are Single People Less Happy Than Married People? |
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514 | (5) |
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519 | (32) |
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522 | (2) |
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Achievement Gap: Components, Patterns, and Explanations |
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522 | (1) |
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Cognitive and Noncognitive Resources |
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523 | (1) |
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Sociological Theories Of Education |
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524 | (4) |
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524 | (1) |
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525 | (1) |
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525 | (1) |
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Pierre Bourdieu and Cultural Capital |
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526 | (2) |
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Research On Education Today |
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528 | (14) |
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Macrosocial Influences on Student Outcomes: Do Schools and Neighborhoods Matter? |
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528 | (4) |
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Cultural and Social-Psychological Influences on Student Outcomes |
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532 | (3) |
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Public-Policy Influences on Student Outcomes |
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535 | (3) |
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Global Perspectives: Education and Literacy in the Developing World |
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538 | (1) |
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The Impact of the Media and Educational Technology on Everyday Life |
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539 | (3) |
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542 | (9) |
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Is Intelligence Shaped by Genes or Environment? |
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542 | (2) |
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Is Homeschooling a Substitute for Traditional Schooling? |
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544 | (1) |
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Who Benefits from "International Education"? |
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545 | (6) |
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17 Religion In Modern Society |
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551 | (44) |
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555 | (5) |
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How Sociologists Think about Religion |
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556 | (1) |
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What Do Sociologists of Religion Study? |
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557 | (1) |
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Types of Religious Organizations |
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557 | (3) |
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Sociological Theories Of Religion |
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560 | (6) |
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560 | (4) |
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Contemporary Approaches: Religious Economy |
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564 | (1) |
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Secularization: The Sociological Debate |
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565 | (1) |
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The Sociology Of Religion: Current Research |
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566 | (21) |
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567 | (4) |
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Religion in the United States |
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571 | (4) |
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575 | (4) |
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Religious Affiliation and Socioeconomic Status |
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579 | (1) |
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580 | (3) |
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The Global Rise of Religious Nationalism |
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583 | (4) |
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587 | (10) |
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Is America Experiencing Secularization or Religious Revival? |
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587 | (1) |
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How Resurgent Is Evangelicalism? |
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588 | (1) |
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Is Religious Violence on the Rise? |
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589 | (6) |
| Part V: Social Change In The Modern World |
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595 | |
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18 The Sociology Of The Body: Health, Illness, And Sexuality |
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597 | (44) |
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602 | (4) |
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Changing Conceptions of Health, Illness, and Medicine |
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602 | (1) |
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Diverse Conceptions of Human Sexuality |
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603 | (3) |
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Theories And Historical Approaches To Understanding Health, Illness, And Sexuality |
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606 | (7) |
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Colonialism and the Spread of Disease |
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606 | (1) |
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Sociological Theories of Health and Illness |
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607 | (5) |
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History of Sexuality in Western Culture |
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612 | (1) |
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Research On Health, Illness, And Sexuality Today |
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613 | (18) |
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Social Patterning of Health and Illness in the United States |
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614 | (7) |
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Global Health Inequalities |
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621 | (3) |
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Contemporary Research on Sexual Behavior over the Life Course |
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624 | (5) |
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Reproduction in the Twenty-First Century: Pushing the Limits of Technology |
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629 | (2) |
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631 | (10) |
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Does Income Inequality Threaten Health? |
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631 | (1) |
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Is Alternative Medicine as Effective as "Mainstream" Medicine? |
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632 | (2) |
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Are Eating Disorders Primarily a "Women&aposs" Problem? |
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634 | (2) |
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Is Sexual Orientation Inborn or Learned? |
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636 | (5) |
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19 Population, Urbanization, And The Environment |
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641 | (48) |
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|
643 | (6) |
|
Population Analysis: Demography |
|
|
643 | (3) |
|
Dynamics of Population Change |
|
|
646 | (3) |
|
Urban Sociology: Some Influential Theories |
|
|
649 | (9) |
|
|
|
649 | (4) |
|
Jane Jacobs: "Eyes and Ears upon the Street" |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
Urbanism and the Created Environment |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
Saskia Sassen: Global Cities |
|
|
656 | (2) |
|
Recent Research On Population, Urbanization, And The Environment |
|
|
658 | (23) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
The Rise of the Megalopolis |
|
|
660 | (2) |
|
Urbanization in the Global South |
|
|
662 | (3) |
|
Rural, Suburban, and Urban Life in the United States |
|
|
665 | (9) |
|
Population Growth, Urbanization, and Environmental Challenges |
|
|
674 | (7) |
|
|
|
681 | (8) |
|
Is There a New Ecological Paradigm? |
|
|
681 | (2) |
|
Will Global Population Growth Outstrip Resources? |
|
|
683 | (6) |
|
20 Globalization In A Changing World |
|
|
689 | |
|
|
|
691 | (6) |
|
|
|
692 | (5) |
|
Current Theories: Is Globalization Today Something New-Or Have We Seen It All Before? |
|
|
697 | (4) |
|
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Whose View Is Most Nearly Correct? |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Recent Research On Globalization And Social Change |
|
|
701 | (15) |
|
Factors Contributing to Globalization |
|
|
701 | (4) |
|
The Effect of Globalization on Our Lives |
|
|
705 | (3) |
|
|
|
708 | (3) |
|
Globalization and Inequality |
|
|
711 | (5) |
|
|
|
716 | |
|
What Comes after Modern Industrial Society? |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Is There a Need for Global Governance? |
|
|
717 | |
| Glossary |
|
A1 | |
| Bibliography |
|
A14 | |
| Credits |
|
A84 | |
| Index |
|
A86 | |
