| Preface |
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xvi | |
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Part I The Study of Sociology |
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1 | (54) |
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3 | (28) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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The Development of Sociological Thinking |
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12 | (1) |
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Theories and Theoretical Approaches |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (3) |
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Understanding the Modern World: The Sociological Debate |
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18 | (1) |
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Modern Theoretical Approaches |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Theoretical Thinking in Sociology |
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24 | (2) |
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How Can Sociology Help Us? |
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26 | (5) |
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2 Asking and Answering Sociological Questions |
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31 | (24) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (3) |
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Asking and Answering Sociological Questions: Historical Context |
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37 | (1) |
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Asking and Answering Sociological Questions Today: Research Methods |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (3) |
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Comparative Historical Research |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (1) |
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Can Sociology Identify Causes and Effects? |
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50 | (1) |
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How Can Social Research Avoid Exploitation? |
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50 | (1) |
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Can We Really Study Human Social Life in a Scientific Way? |
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50 | (5) |
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Part II The Individual and Society |
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55 | (182) |
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57 | (40) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (4) |
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66 | (1) |
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The Sociological Study of Culture |
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66 | (1) |
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Culture and Change: A "Cultural Turn" in Sociology? |
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67 | (1) |
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Early Human Culture: Greater Adaptation to Physical Environment |
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68 | (4) |
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72 | (2) |
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Research Today: Understanding the Modern World |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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Contemporary Industrial Societies: Cultural Conformity or Diversity? |
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77 | (7) |
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84 | (1) |
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Does Nature or Nurture More Powerfully Influence Human Behavior? |
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84 | (3) |
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Does the Internet Promote a Global Culture? |
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87 | (2) |
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Does Globalization Weaken or Strengthen Local Cultures? |
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89 | (1) |
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How Easily Do Cultures Change? |
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90 | (7) |
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4 Socialization and the Life Course |
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97 | (36) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (7) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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Socialization through the Life Course |
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110 | (4) |
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Theories of Socialization |
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114 | (1) |
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G. H. Mead and the Development of Self |
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115 | (1) |
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Charles Horton Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self |
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115 | (1) |
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Jean Piaget and the Stages of Cognitive Development |
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116 | (2) |
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Sigmund Freud's Theory of Gender Identity |
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118 | (1) |
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Nancy Chodorow's Theory of Gender Identity |
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118 | (2) |
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Carol Gilligan's Theory of Moral Development |
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120 | (1) |
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Research on Socialization Today: Race Socialization |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (3) |
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124 | (1) |
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Are Gender Differences Caused by Social Influences? |
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124 | (3) |
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How Do Children Learn to Bully? Can They Unlearn? |
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127 | (6) |
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5 Social Interaction And Everyday Life In The Age Of The Internet |
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133 | (32) |
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135 | (1) |
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Impression Management: The World as a Stage |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (1) |
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Focused and Unfocused Interaction |
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143 | (1) |
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Interaction in Time and Space |
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144 | (2) |
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Theories of Social Interaction |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Edward T. Hall---Personal Space |
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147 | (1) |
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Harold Garfinkel: Ethnomethodology |
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148 | (2) |
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Contemporary Research on Social Interaction |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (4) |
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Interaction on the "Digital Street" |
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154 | (1) |
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The Macro-Micro Link: Anderson's Streetwise |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (1) |
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How Do We Manage Impressions in the Internet Age? |
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157 | (1) |
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What Happens When Dating Moves Online? |
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158 | (2) |
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To What Extent Can Electronic Communication Substitute for Face-to-Face Communication? |
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160 | (5) |
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6 Networks, Groups, And Organizations |
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165 | (32) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (2) |
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Theories of Networks, Groups, and Organizations |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (2) |
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Theories of Organizations |
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178 | (6) |
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Contemporary Research on Groups |
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184 | (1) |
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The "McDonaldization" of Society? |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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Is Democracy Meaningless in the Face of Increasingly Powerful Bureaucratic Organizations? |
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188 | (1) |
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How Are Late-Modern Organizations Reinventing Themselves? |
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189 | (3) |
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Can the Traditional Organization Survive? |
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192 | (5) |
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7 Conformity, Deviance, And Crime |
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197 | (40) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Society and Crime: Sociological Theories |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (1) |
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Research on Crime and Deviance Today |
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212 | (1) |
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Race and the Criminal Justice System |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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Reporting on Crime and Crime Statistics |
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217 | (2) |
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Victims and Perpetrators of Crime |
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219 | (7) |
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226 | (1) |
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Why Have Crime Rates Gone Down? |
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226 | (1) |
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Can We Reduce Crime through New Policing Techniques? |
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227 | (2) |
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Will New Surveillance Technologies Eliminate Deviance? |
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229 | (2) |
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Can We Prevent Crime by Building Stronger Communities? |
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231 | (6) |
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Part III Structures of Power |
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237 | (268) |
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8 Stratification, Class, And Inequality |
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239 | (46) |
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242 | (1) |
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Systems of Stratification |
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242 | (8) |
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Theories of Stratification in Modern Societies |
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250 | (1) |
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Marx: Capitalism and the Analysis of Class |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Davis and Moore: The Functions of Stratification |
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252 | (1) |
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Erik Olin Wright: Contradictory Class Locations |
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253 | (2) |
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Research On Social Stratification Today |
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255 | (1) |
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A Contemporary Portrait of the U.S. Class Structure |
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255 | (5) |
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Social Mobility: Moving Up and Down the Ladder |
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260 | (5) |
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Poverty in the United States |
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265 | (8) |
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273 | (1) |
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Is Inequality Declining or Increasing in the United States? |
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273 | (3) |
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Why Are Poverty Rates Rising in the United States? The Sociological Debate |
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276 | (2) |
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What Can Be Done to Combat Poverty? |
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278 | (2) |
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How Will These Economic Patterns Affect Your Life? |
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280 | (5) |
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285 | (38) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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Is Global Economic Well-Being Improving? |
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293 | (1) |
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Going Beyond Purely Economic Measures of Global Well-Being |
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293 | (3) |
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Theories Of Global Inequality |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (2) |
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The Theory of Global Capitalism |
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302 | (1) |
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Evaluating Theories of Global Inequality |
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303 | (2) |
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Research On Global Inequality Today |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (4) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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What Are the Causes of Inequality in the World Today? |
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312 | (1) |
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Is Global Poverty Increasing or Decreasing? |
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313 | (2) |
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What about Inequality within Countries? |
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315 | (2) |
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What Does Rapid Globalization Mean for the Future of Global Inequality? |
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317 | (6) |
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323 | (52) |
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328 | (1) |
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Understanding Sex Differences: The Role of Biology |
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329 | (2) |
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Gender Socialization: How Gender Differences Are Learned |
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331 | (3) |
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The Social Construction of Gender: How We Learn to "Do Gender" |
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334 | (1) |
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Social Construction of Gender in Other Cultures |
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335 | (3) |
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Sociological Theories of Gender Inequalities |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (2) |
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340 | (5) |
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Research on Gender Today: Documenting and Understanding Gender Inequalities |
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345 | (1) |
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Gendered Inequalities in Education: Unequal Treatment in the Classroom |
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346 | (3) |
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Gendered Inequalities in the Workplace |
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349 | (9) |
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Gendered Inequalities in Families: Division of I Household Labor |
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358 | (2) |
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Gender Inequality in Politics |
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360 | (2) |
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Unanswered Questions: Why Do Gender Inequalities Persist? |
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362 | (1) |
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The Gender Pay Gap: Why Do Women Earn Less Than Men? |
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362 | (3) |
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How Does Gender Inequality Affect Men? |
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365 | (2) |
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Why Are Women So Often the Targets of Violence? |
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367 | (8) |
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11 Race, Ethnicity, And Racism |
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375 | (45) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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Racism in the United States Today |
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382 | (7) |
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Race and Racism in Historical and Comparative Perspective |
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389 | (2) |
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391 | (1) |
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Blacks in the United States |
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392 | (2) |
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Hispanics and Latinos in the United States |
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394 | (3) |
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397 | (1) |
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Models of Ethnic Integration |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (4) |
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402 | (1) |
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Do New Immigrants Help or Hinder the Nation's Economy? |
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402 | (2) |
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Has Real Progress Been Made Since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s? |
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404 | (7) |
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How Can Ethnic Conflict Be Reduced? |
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411 | (9) |
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420 | (33) |
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420 | (2) |
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422 | (4) |
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Growing Old: Theories of Aging |
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426 | (1) |
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The First Generation of Theories: Functionalism |
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426 | (2) |
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The Second Generation of Theories: Social Conflict |
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428 | (1) |
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The Third Generation of Theories: Life Course |
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429 | (2) |
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Research on Aging in the United States Today |
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431 | (1) |
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Who Are America's Older Adults? |
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431 | (1) |
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432 | (3) |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (2) |
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442 | (1) |
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Unanswered Questions: The Political and Economic Impact of Population Aging |
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443 | (1) |
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Do Older Americans Get an Unfair Amount of Government Support? |
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443 | (1) |
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Can Medicare and Social Security Survive the "Graying" of America? |
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444 | (2) |
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How Will Nations of the World Cope with Global Aging? |
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446 | (7) |
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13 Government, Political Power, And Social Movements |
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453 | (52) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (5) |
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Who Rules? Theories of Democracy |
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462 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
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463 | (1) |
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464 | (4) |
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Recent Research on U.S. Politics and Social Movements |
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468 | (1) |
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Democracy in the United States |
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468 | (7) |
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The Political Participation of Women |
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475 | (3) |
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Political Participation in the United States |
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478 | (1) |
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Political and Social Change through Social Movements |
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479 | (15) |
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The Nation-State, National Identity, and Globalization |
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494 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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Why Is Voter Turnout So Low in the United States? |
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495 | (2) |
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Did the Internet Shape the Outcome of the 2016 Presidential Election? |
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497 | (2) |
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499 | (6) |
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Part IV Social Institutions |
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505 | (198) |
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14 Work and Economic Life |
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507 | (58) |
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510 | (4) |
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Theories of Work and Economic Life |
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514 | (1) |
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514 | (3) |
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Fordism and Scientific Management (Taylorism) |
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517 | (3) |
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520 | (5) |
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525 | (3) |
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Current Research on Work and Economic Life |
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528 | (1) |
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Corporations and Corporate Power |
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528 | (7) |
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Workers and Their Challenges |
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535 | (13) |
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548 | (1) |
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Will Automation Make Things Better or Worse for Workers? |
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549 | (4) |
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What Will the Economy of the Future Look Like? |
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553 | (2) |
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How Permanent Is Your Job Likely to Be? |
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555 | (6) |
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Families And Intimate Relationships |
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561 | (4) |
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565 | (48) |
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Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on Families |
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567 | (1) |
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Sociological Theories of Families |
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568 | (6) |
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Historical Perspectives on Families |
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574 | (1) |
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Research on Families Today |
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575 | (1) |
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Changes in Family Patterns Worldwide |
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576 | (1) |
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577 | (2) |
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Family Formation and Dissolution Trends in the Contemporary United States |
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579 | (22) |
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The Bleak Side of Families |
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601 | (2) |
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603 | (1) |
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Is Cohabitation a Substitute for Marriage? |
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603 | (3) |
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Do Children Raised by Same-Sex Parents Fare Differently than Children Raised by Opposite-Sex Parents? |
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606 | (2) |
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Are Single People Less Happy than Married People? |
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608 | (5) |
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613 | (38) |
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615 | (1) |
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Achievement Gap: Components, Patterns, and Explanations |
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616 | (1) |
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Cognitive and Noncognitive Resources |
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617 | (1) |
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Sociological Theories of Education |
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618 | (1) |
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618 | (1) |
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618 | (1) |
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619 | (2) |
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Pierre Bourdieu and Cultural Capital |
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621 | (2) |
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Research on Education Today |
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623 | (1) |
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Macrosocial Influences on Student Outcomes: Do Schools and Neighborhoods Matter? |
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623 | (6) |
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Cultural and Social-Psychological Influences on Student Outcomes |
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629 | (2) |
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Public Policy Influences on Student Outcomes |
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631 | (5) |
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Global Perspectives: Education and Literacy in the Developing World |
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636 | (1) |
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The Impact of the Media and Educational Technology on Everyday Life |
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637 | (4) |
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641 | (1) |
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Intelligence Shaped by Genes or Environment? |
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641 | (3) |
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Is Homeschooling a Substitute for Traditional Schooling? |
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644 | (1) |
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Who Benefits from "International Education"? |
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645 | (6) |
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17 Religion In Modern Society |
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651 | (52) |
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655 | (1) |
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How Sociologists Think about Religion |
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656 | (1) |
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What Do Sociologists of Religion Study? |
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657 | (1) |
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Types of Religious Organizations |
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658 | (3) |
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Sociological Theories of Religion |
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661 | (1) |
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661 | (3) |
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Contemporary Approaches: Religious Economy |
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664 | (2) |
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Secularization: The Sociological Debate |
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666 | (2) |
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The Sociology of Religion: Current Research |
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668 | (1) |
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669 | (5) |
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Religion in the United States |
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674 | (4) |
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678 | (5) |
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Religious Affiliation and Socioeconomic Status |
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683 | (1) |
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684 | (3) |
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The Global Rise of Religious Nationalism |
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687 | (7) |
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694 | (1) |
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Is America Experiencing Secularization or Religious Revival? |
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694 | (1) |
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How Resurgent Is Evangelicalism? |
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695 | (2) |
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Is Religious Violence on the Rise? |
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697 | (6) |
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Part V Social Change in the Modern World |
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703 | |
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18 The Sociology Of The Body: Health, Illness, And Sexuality |
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705 | (56) |
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711 | (1) |
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Changing Conceptions of Health, Illness, and Medicine |
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711 | (3) |
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Diverse Conceptions of Human Sexuality |
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714 | (3) |
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Theories and Historical Approaches to Understanding Health, Illness, and Sexuality |
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717 | (1) |
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Colonialism and the Spread of Disease |
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717 | (1) |
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Sociological Theories of Health and Illness |
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718 | (6) |
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History of Sexuality in Western Culture |
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724 | (3) |
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Research on Health, Illness, and Sexuality Today |
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727 | (1) |
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Social Patterning of Health and Illness in the United States |
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728 | (9) |
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Global Health ! Inequalities |
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737 | (3) |
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Contemporary Research on Sexual Behavior Over the Life Course |
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740 | (6) |
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Reproduction in the Twenty-First Century: Pushing the Limits of Technology |
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746 | (2) |
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748 | (1) |
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Does Income Inequality Threaten Health? |
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749 | (1) |
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Is Alternative Medicine as Effective as "Mainstream" Medicine? |
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750 | (3) |
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Are Eating Disorders Primarily a "Women's" Problem? |
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753 | (2) |
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Is Sexual Orientation Inborn or Learned? |
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755 | (6) |
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19 Population, Urbanization, And The Environment |
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761 | (56) |
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|
|
763 | (1) |
|
Population Analysis: Demography |
|
|
763 | (3) |
|
Dynamics of Population Change |
|
|
766 | (4) |
|
Urban Sociology: Some Influential Theories |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
|
|
770 | (3) |
|
Jane Jacobs: "Eyes and Ears Upon the Street" |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
Urbanism and the Created Environment |
|
|
774 | (2) |
|
Saskia Sassen: Global Cities |
|
|
776 | (2) |
|
Population Growth, Urbanization, and Environmental Challenges: Recent Research |
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
A Brief History of Urbanization |
|
|
779 | (2) |
|
Urbanization in the United States |
|
|
781 | (8) |
|
Explosive Urbanization in the Global South |
|
|
789 | (1) |
|
The Environment: A Sociological Issue |
|
|
790 | (12) |
|
Addressing Climate Change---What is Being Done? |
|
|
802 | (6) |
|
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
Will Global Population Growth Outstrip Resources? |
|
|
808 | (4) |
|
Sustainable Development, or Adaptation to the Inevitable? |
|
|
812 | (5) |
|
20 Globalization In A Changing World |
|
|
817 | |
|
|
|
819 | (1) |
|
|
|
820 | (6) |
|
Current Theories: Is Globalization Today Something New---Or Have We Seen It All Before? |
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
Whose View Is Most Nearly Correct? |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
Recent Research on Globalization and Social Change |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Factors Contributing to Globalization |
|
|
830 | (6) |
|
The Effect of Globalization on Our Lives |
|
|
836 | (3) |
|
|
|
839 | (3) |
|
Globalization and Inequality |
|
|
842 | (6) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
What Comes after Modern Industrial Society? |
|
|
848 | (3) |
|
Is There a Need for Global Governance? |
|
|
851 | |
| Glossary |
|
1 | (19) |
| Bibliography |
|
20 | (56) |
| Credits |
|
76 | (3) |
| Index |
|
79 | |
