Contributors |
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vii | |
Reviewers of Second Edition |
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ix | |
Reviewers of First Edition |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO SONOGRAPHY |
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Chapter 1 Foundations for the Sonography Student |
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2 | (44) |
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6 | (1) |
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Stress: Inevitable but Manageable |
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7 | (5) |
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9 | (1) |
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Emotional Stability and Support |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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The Importance of Establishing Personal and Educational Goals |
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13 | (1) |
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Classroom Survival Skills |
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14 | (5) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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Maintaining Motivation in the Classroom |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (9) |
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The Sonographer: A Brief Overview |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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Essentials of Professionalism in Clinical |
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24 | (2) |
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Essentials of Work Ethic in Clinical Settings |
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26 | (2) |
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Clinical Orientation and Information Gathering |
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28 | (9) |
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29 | (1) |
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Imaging Departments and Modalities |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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Nuclear Medicine Technology |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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35 | (2) |
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Cardiovascular Interventional Technology and Vascular Interventional Technology |
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37 | (1) |
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Appreciating Critical Thinking |
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37 | (4) |
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Student Application of Critical Thinking |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (5) |
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Chapter 2 The Sonographer: A Closer Look |
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46 | (41) |
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Know Yourself Before You Know Others |
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48 | (6) |
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Identifying Your Personality Type |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (1) |
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Strength Recognition and Professional Maturation |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (7) |
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55 | (2) |
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Competent Care and Flexibility |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Compassion, Empathy, and Altruism |
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58 | (3) |
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The Cost of Caring and Finding the Balance |
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61 | (4) |
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Accountability, Honesty, and Integrity |
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62 | (1) |
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Self-Motivation and Enthusiasm |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Final Thoughts on Character |
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64 | (1) |
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Clinical Responsibilities and Workplace Challenges for the Sonographer |
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65 | (12) |
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Sonographic Reasoning and Clinical Correlation |
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66 | (4) |
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Appreciating Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Occupational Stress for the Sonographer |
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71 | (6) |
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Student Interaction with Sonographers |
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77 | (1) |
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When and How to Communicate |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Student Interaction with Interpreting Physicians |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (7) |
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Chapter 3 Historical, Current, and Future Applications of Ultrasound in Medicine |
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87 | (66) |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (13) |
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Imaging Modes and Doppler |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (4) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (3) |
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Specialties in Sonography |
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108 | (31) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (6) |
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116 | (2) |
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Neurosonography and Pediatric Sonography |
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118 | (2) |
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Musculoskeletal Sonography |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (5) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (3) |
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Vascular Sonography (Contributed by Dr. Traci B. Fox) |
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130 | (3) |
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Echocardiography (Contributed by Maureen McDonald) |
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133 | (1) |
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Transthoracic Echocardiograms |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (2) |
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Transesophageal Echocardiography |
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138 | (1) |
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Pediatric Echocardiography |
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139 | (1) |
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Additional Technologies and Future Applications |
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139 | (8) |
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140 | (1) |
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High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound |
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140 | (1) |
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Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided Brachytherapy |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Future Possibilities and Artificial Intelligence |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (6) |
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Chapter 4 Professional Environment, Leadership, and Career Establishment |
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153 | (23) |
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154 | (6) |
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Academic Accreditation (CAAHEP, JRC-DMS, JRC-CVT) |
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155 | (1) |
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Professional Organizations and Associations (SDMS, SVU, ASE, SOPE, AIUM, ASRT) |
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156 | (1) |
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National Certification (ARDMS, CCI, ARRT) |
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157 | (2) |
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Maintaining Certification |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Leadership Roles in Sonography |
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160 | (7) |
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Leadership Styles and Followership |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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Advanced Practice Sonographer |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Consultants or Technical Advisors |
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167 | (1) |
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Sales/Application Specialist |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (4) |
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Searching and Applying for Jobs |
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168 | (1) |
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Resume Writing and Social Networking |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 Ergonomics and the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders |
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176 | (33) |
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What Are Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders? |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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Personal and Environmental Risk Factors |
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182 | (10) |
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Posture and Body Positioning |
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183 | (2) |
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Repetitive Motions and Force or Pressure |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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Underlying Predisposing Conditions |
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192 | (1) |
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Inflammatory Diseases Linked to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders |
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192 | (2) |
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Best Practices and Ergonomic Interventions for the Sonography Student |
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194 | (9) |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (6) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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General Treatment of WRMSDs and Review of Warning Signs |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 Ethics and Professionalism |
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209 | (19) |
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Ethics and Personal Values |
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210 | (7) |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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Medical Ethics and Codes of Ethics |
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214 | (1) |
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The Sonographer Code of Ethics |
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215 | (2) |
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Ethical Issues in Diagnostic Medical Sonography |
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217 | (1) |
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Nondiagnostic Use of Ultrasound |
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217 | (1) |
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Ultrasound Screening for Vascular Disease |
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218 | (1) |
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The Role of the Sonographer in the Abortion Debate |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (3) |
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Professional Etiquette and Teamwork |
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221 | (1) |
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First Impressions for the Sonography Student |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 Legal Essentials and Patient Rights |
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228 | (22) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (7) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (6) |
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Sonographer Scope of Practice |
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238 | (4) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (3) |
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HIPAA and Patient Confidentiality |
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243 | (1) |
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Patient Rights Related to End-of-Life Issues |
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244 | (1) |
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Sonographer Documentation |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (5) |
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Chapter 8 Basic Principles and Knobology |
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250 | (34) |
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Directional Terminology and Patient Positioning |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (9) |
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253 | (2) |
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Transducer Orientation and Scanning Planes |
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255 | (4) |
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Medical and Vascular Sonography Scanning Planes |
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259 | (1) |
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Transthoracic Echocardiography Scanning Planes |
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260 | (1) |
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Care and Cleaning of Transducers |
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260 | (2) |
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B-Mode and Basic Doppler Overview |
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262 | (4) |
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Essential Universal Knobology |
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266 | (12) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Color (Doppler) and Power Doppler |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Field of View and Extended Field of View |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Image Store (Print or Save) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (6) |
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PART 2 INTRODUCTION TO PATIENT CARE |
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Chapter 9 Communication, Diversity, and Cultural Awareness |
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284 | (23) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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Five Elements of Communication |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (5) |
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Additional Potential Barriers to Effective Communication |
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290 | (5) |
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Diversity and Cultural Competence |
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295 | (2) |
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The Sonographic Examination: 10 Steps |
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297 | (5) |
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Step 1: Assessment of Relevant Documents |
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297 | (1) |
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Step 2: Examining Reports and Images |
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298 | (1) |
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Step 3: Preparing the Examination Room and Protocol Review |
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299 | (1) |
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Step 4: Introducing Yourself and Patient Confirmation |
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299 | (1) |
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Step 5: Gathering Clinical History |
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299 | (2) |
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Step 6: Patient Education |
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301 | (1) |
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Step 7: Conducting the Sonogram |
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301 | (1) |
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Step 8: Completing the Sonographer's Report |
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301 | (1) |
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Step 9: Sonographer Interaction with Interpreting Physician |
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302 | (1) |
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Step 10: Discharging the Patient |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (5) |
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Chapter 10 Fundamental Patient Care |
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307 | (32) |
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309 | (10) |
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310 | (1) |
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Pulse (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-1) |
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311 | (3) |
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Blood Pressure (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-2) |
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314 | (4) |
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Respiration (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-3) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (10) |
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Evaluating the Patient's Mobility |
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320 | (1) |
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Transferring and Transporting Patients (Appendix 3, Procedures 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, and 10-7) |
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320 | (1) |
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Circumstances Requiring Unique Assistance |
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321 | (1) |
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Care for Patients with Intravenous Infusion |
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321 | (2) |
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Care for Patients with Urinary Catheters |
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323 | (2) |
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Care for Patients on Oxygen Therapy |
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325 | (2) |
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Assisting Patients with Bedpans or Urinals |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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Introduction to Electrocardiography for Echocardiography Students |
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329 | (6) |
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330 | (2) |
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Simplified Heart Anatomy and Circulation |
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332 | (1) |
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The Cardiac Conduction System |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 Medical Emergencies |
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339 | (15) |
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The Role of the Sonographer in Emergency Situations |
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341 | (1) |
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Assessing the Patient's Neurologic and Cognitive Function |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (8) |
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342 | (3) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (2) |
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348 | (1) |
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Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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Emergencies Requiring Immediate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Infection Control for the Sonographer |
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354 | (33) |
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357 | (7) |
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Conditions that Favor the Growth of Pathogens |
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359 | (1) |
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The Cycle of Infection and Modes of Transmission |
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359 | (3) |
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Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections |
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362 | (2) |
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Workplace Exposure for the Sonographer |
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364 | (5) |
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
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365 | (1) |
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Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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Breaking the Cycle of Infection |
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369 | (13) |
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369 | (1) |
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Hand Hygiene (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-1) |
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370 | (2) |
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Personal Protective Equipment |
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372 | (2) |
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374 | (1) |
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Other Personal Protective Equipment (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-2) |
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374 | (1) |
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Transmission-Based Precautions |
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374 | (4) |
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Medical Asepsis in the Sonography Department |
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378 | (1) |
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Personal Hygiene and Dress in the Workplace |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (1) |
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Proper Disposal of Examination Waste Items (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-3) |
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382 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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382 | (5) |
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Chapter 13 Invasive Procedures and Surgical Asepsis |
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387 | (23) |
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388 | (15) |
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The Rules of Surgical Asepsis |
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392 | (1) |
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Preparing for an Invasive Procedure |
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392 | (1) |
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Skin Preparation and Draping (Appendix 3, Procedure 13-1) |
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393 | (1) |
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Opening a Sterile Pack and Adding Items to a Sterile Field (Appendix 3, Procedure 13-2) |
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394 | (2) |
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396 | (2) |
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Draping a Transducer with a Sterile Probe Cover and Needle Guide |
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398 | (2) |
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Syringe Assistance and Needle Disposal |
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400 | (3) |
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Sonography in the Operating Room |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (4) |
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Chapter 14 Sonographic Examinations and Guidelines |
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410 | (21) |
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411 | (1) |
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As Low As Reasonably Achievable and Clinical Safety of Ultrasound |
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412 | (1) |
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Abdominal and Small Part Sonography |
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413 | (5) |
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413 | (1) |
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Gallbladder and Biliary Tract |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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Kidneys and Urinary Bladder (Renal Sonogram) |
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417 | (1) |
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Renal Vascular Assessment |
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417 | (1) |
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Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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Thyroid, Cervical Lymph Node, and Parathyroid Sonography |
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419 | (1) |
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Musculoskeletal Sonography |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (2) |
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421 | (1) |
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Second and Third Trimesters |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (3) |
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423 | (1) |
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Peripheral Venous Sonography |
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424 | (1) |
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Upper Extremity Venous Sonogram |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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Transthoracic Adult Echocardiography |
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426 | (1) |
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|
426 | (5) |
Appendix 1 Medical Terminology |
|
431 | (6) |
Appendix 2 Translation Resources and English-to-Spanish Phrases |
|
437 | (6) |
Appendix 3 Patient Care Procedures |
|
443 | (16) |
Appendix 4 Electrocardiographic Dysrhythmias |
|
459 | (3) |
Appendix 5 Laboratory Tests |
|
462 | (3) |
Index |
|
465 | |