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El. knyga: Invitation to Knot Theory: Virtual and Classical

(McKendree University, Lebanon, Illinois, USA)
  • Formatas: 286 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Sep-2018
  • Leidėjas: Chapman & Hall/CRC
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781315362380
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 286 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Sep-2018
  • Leidėjas: Chapman & Hall/CRC
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781315362380
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The Only Undergraduate Textbook to Teach Both Classical and Virtual Knot Theory

An Invitation to Knot Theory: Virtual and Classical gives advanced undergraduate students a gentle introduction to the field of virtual knot theory and mathematical research. It provides the foundation for students to research knot theory and read journal articles on their own. Each chapter includes numerous examples, problems, projects, and suggested readings from research papers. The proofs are written as simply as possible using combinatorial approaches, equivalence classes, and linear algebra.

The text begins with an introduction to virtual knots and counted invariants. It then covers the normalized f-polynomial (Jones polynomial) and other skein invariants before discussing algebraic invariants, such as the quandle and biquandle. The book concludes with two applications of virtual knots: textiles and quantum computation.

Recenzijos

"This text provides an excellent entry point into virtual knot theory for undergraduates. Beginning with few prerequisites, the reader will advance to master the combinatorial and algebraic techniques that are most often employed in the literature. A student-centered book on the multiverse of knots (i.e., virtual knots, flat knots, free knots, welded knots, and pseudo knots) has long been awaited. The text aims not only to advertise recent developments in the field but to bring students to a point where they can begin thinking about interesting problems on their own. Each chapter contains not only exercises but projects, lists of open problems, and a carefully curated reading list. Students preparing to embark on an undergraduate research project in knot theory or virtual knot theory will greatly benefit from reading this well-written book!" Micah Chrisman, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Monmouth University

"This book will be greatly helpful and perfect for undergraduate and graduate students to study knot theory and see how ideas and techniques of mathematics learned at colleges or universities are used in research. Virtual knots are a hot topic in knot theory. By comparing virtual with classical, the book enables readers to understand the essence more easily and clearly." Seiichi Kamada, Vice-Director of Osaka City University Advanced Mathematical Institute and Professor of Mathematics, Osaka City University "This text provides an excellent entry point into virtual knot theory for undergraduates. Beginning with few prerequisites, the reader will advance to master the combinatorial and algebraic techniques that are most often employed in the literature. A student-centered book on the multiverse of knots (i.e., virtual knots, flat knots, free knots, welded knots, and pseudo knots) has long been awaited. The text aims not only to advertise recent developments in the field but to bring students to a point where they can begin thinking about interesting problems on their own. Each chapter contains not only exercises but projects, lists of open problems, and a carefully curated reading list. Students preparing to embark on an undergraduate research project in knot theory or virtual knot theory will greatly benefit from reading this well-written book!" Micah Chrisman, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Monmouth University

"This book will be greatly helpful and perfect for undergraduate and graduate students to study knot theory and see how ideas and techniques of mathematics learned at colleges or universities are used in research. Virtual knots are a hot topic in knot theory. By comparing virtual with classical, the book enables readers to understand the essence more easily and clearly." Seiichi Kamada, Vice-Director of Osaka City University Advanced Mathematical Institute and Professor of Mathematics, Osaka City University

"This is an excellent and well-organized introduction to classical and virtual knot theory that makes these subjects accessible to interested persons who may be unacquainted with point set topology or algebraic topology. The prerequisites for reading the book are a familiarity with basic college algebra and then later some abstract algebra and a familiarity or willingness to work with graphs (in the sense of graph theory) and pictorial diagrams (for knots and links) that are related to graphs. With this much background the book develops related topological themes such as knot polynomials, surfaces and quandles in a self-contained and clear manner. The subject of virtual knot theory is relatively new, having been introduced by Kauffman and by Goussarov, Polyak and Viro around 1996. Virtual knot theory can be learned right along with classical knot theory, as this book demonstrates, and it is a current research topic as well. So this book, elementary as it is, brings the reader right up to the frontier of present work in the theory of knots. It is exciting that knot theory, like graph theory, affords this possibility of stepping forward into the creative unknown." Louis H. Kauffman, Professor of Mathematics, University of Illinois at Chicago

Section I Knots and crossings
Chapter 1 Virtual knots and links
3(16)
1.1 Curves In The Plane
3(4)
1.2 Virtual Links
7(8)
1.3 Oriented Virtual Link Diagrams
15(2)
1.4 Open Problems And Projects
17(2)
Chapter 2 Linking invariants
19(16)
2.1 Conditional Statements
19(4)
2.2 Writhe and Linking Number
23(4)
2.3 Difference Number
27(1)
2.4 Crossing Weight Numbers
28(5)
2.5 Open Problems and Projects
33(2)
Chapter 3 A multiverse of knots
35(14)
3.1 Flat And Free Links
35(8)
3.2 Welded, Singular, And Pseudo Knots
43(3)
3.3 New Knot Theories
46(1)
3.4 Open Problems And Projects
47(2)
Chapter 4 Crossing invariants
49(14)
4.1 Crossing Numbers
49(6)
4.2 Unknotting Numbers
55(4)
4.3 Unknotting Sequence Numbers
59(2)
4.4 Open Problems And Projects
61(2)
Chapter 5 Constructing knots
63(16)
5.1 Symmetry
63(4)
5.2 Tangles, Mutation, And Periodic Links
67(5)
5.3 Periodic Links And Satellite Knots
72(2)
5.4 Open Problems And Projects
74(5)
Section II Knot polynomials
Chapter 6 The bracket polynomial
79(16)
6.1 The Normalized Kauffman Bracket Polynomial
79(5)
6.2 The State Sum
84(2)
6.3 The Image Of The f-Polynomial
86(6)
6.4 Open Problems And Projects
92(3)
Chapter 7 Surfaces
95(20)
7.1 Surfaces
95(9)
7.2 Constructions Of Virtual Links
104(5)
7.3 Genus Of A Virtual Link
109(3)
7.4 Open Problems And Projects
112(3)
Chapter 8 Bracket polynomial II
115(12)
8.1 States And The Boundary Property
115(6)
8.2 Proper States
121(1)
8.3 Diagrams With One Virtual Crossing
122(2)
8.4 Open Problems And Projects
124(3)
Chapter 9 The checkerboard framing
127(12)
9.1 Checkerboard Framings
127(6)
9.2 Cut Points
133(2)
9.3 Extending The Theorem
135(3)
9.4 Open Problems And Projects
138(1)
Chapter 10 Modifications of the bracket polynomial
139(18)
10.1 The Flat Bracket
139(2)
10.2 The Arrow Polynomial
141(9)
10.3 Vassiliev Invariants
150(3)
10.4 Open Problems And Projects
153(4)
Section III Algebraic structures
Chapter 11 Quandles
157(12)
11.1 Tricoloring
157(3)
11.2 Quandles
160(3)
11.3 Knot Quandles
163(4)
11.4 Open Problems And Projects
167(2)
Chapter 12 Knots and quandles
169(16)
12.1 A Little Linear Algebra And The Trefoil
169(3)
12.2 The Determinant Of A Knot
172(8)
12.3 The Alexander Polynomial
180(2)
12.4 The Fundamental Group
182(1)
12.5 Open Problems And Projects
183(2)
Chapter 13 Biquandles
185(14)
13.1 The Biquandle Structure
185(5)
13.2 The Generalized Alexander Polynomial
190(6)
13.3 Open Problems And Projects
196(3)
Chapter 14 Gauss diagrams
199(14)
14.1 Gauss Words And Diagrams
199(6)
14.2 Parity And Parity Invariants
205(5)
14.3 Crossing Weight Number
210(2)
14.4 Open Problems And Projects
212(1)
Chapter 15 Applications
213(8)
15.1 Quantum Computation
213(2)
15.2 Textiles
215(3)
15.3 Open Problems And Projects
218(3)
Appendix A Tables
221(18)
A.1 Knot Tables
222(9)
A.2 Knot Invariants
231(8)
Appendix B References by chapter
239(14)
B.1
Chapter 1
239(1)
B.2
Chapter 2
240(1)
B.3
Chapter 3
240(1)
B.4
Chapter 4
241(2)
B.5
Chapter 5
243(1)
B.6
Chapter 6
244(1)
B.7
Chapter 7
245(1)
B.8
Chapter 8
245(1)
B.9
Chapter 9
246(1)
B.10
Chapter 10
246(2)
B.11
Chapter 11
248(1)
B.12
Chapter 12
249(1)
B.13
Chapter 13
250(1)
B.14
Chapter 14
250(1)
B.15
Chapter 15
251(2)
Index 253
Heather A. Dye is an associate professor of mathematics at McKendree University in Lebanon, Illinois, where she teaches linear algebra, probability, graph theory, and knot theory. She has published articles on virtual knot theory in the Journal of Knot Theory and its Ramifications, Algebraic and Geometric Topology, and Topology and its Applications. She is a member of the American Mathematical Society (AMS) and the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).