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El. knyga: Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Research, and the Juvenile Justice Process

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  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Dec-2019
  • Leidėjas: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030314521
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Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Research, and the Juvenile Justice ProcessDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 03-Dec-2019
  • Leidėjas: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030314521
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Combining theory with practical application, this seminal introduction to juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice integrates the latest research with emerging problems and trends in an overview of the field.  

Now in its sixth edition, this book features new interviews and discussions with child care professionals and juvenile justice practitioners on their experiences translating theory to practice. It addresses recent changes in the characteristics of delinquents alongside changes in laws and the rise of social media and smartphones.  It includes a new chapter of international perspectives on juvenile justice and delinquency.  Incorporated throughout is consideration of the mental health and special needs of youth in the juvenile justice system, as well as at-risk and non-fault children as victims.

With attention to both quantitative and qualitative findings, this clear and comprehensive text will be useful for students of criminology, criminal justice, sociology and those interested in working with at-risk youth.
Part I Definition, Scope, and Trends in Juvenile Delinquency
1 The Transition of Child to Adult
5(26)
1.1 Introduction
5(1)
1.2 Societal Reaction to Youthful Misbehavior
5(6)
1.2.1 Children in the Middle Ages
7(1)
1.2.2 The Renaissance and the Development of Interest in Children
8(1)
1.2.3 Childhood in Colonial America
9(1)
1.2.4 Childhood During the Period of Industrialization and Immigration
10(1)
1.3 Houses of Refuge
11(1)
1.4 Compulsory Education
12(1)
1.5 Origins of the Juvenile Court
13(2)
1.5.1 The Child Savers
14(1)
1.5.2 Creation of the First Juvenile Court
15(1)
1.6 Extent of Delinquency
15(4)
1.7 The Concept Juvenile
19(1)
1.7.1 Status Offenders
20(1)
1.8 Measuring Juvenile Delinquency
20(1)
1.9 Officially Recorded Delinquency
21(2)
1.9.1 Comparison of Arrests of Female and Male Juveniles
22(1)
1.10 Referrals to the Juvenile Courts
23(1)
1.11 Juveniles Tried as Adult Criminals
24(3)
1.11.1 Self-Reported Delinquency
25(2)
1.12 Summary
27(1)
1.13 Discussion Questions
28(1)
References
29(2)
2 Past and Current Bio-Social Perspectives on Delinquency Causation
31(20)
2.1 Introduction
31(4)
2.2 The Theory Development Process
35(3)
2.2.1 The Classical School
36(2)
2.3 The Classical and Neoclassical Theories
38(3)
2.3.1 Neoclassical Thought
38(1)
2.3.2 The Biological School
39(2)
2.4 Heredity-Based Theories
41(2)
2.4.1 Current Biological Explanations of Delinquency
42(1)
2.5 Biochemical Explanations
43(1)
2.6 Hyperactivity and Learning Disabilities
44(1)
2.6.1 Twin Research
45(1)
2.7 Studies of Adopted Children
45(1)
2.8 Summary
46(1)
2.9 Discussion Questions
47(1)
References
48(3)
3 Social-Psychological Theories of Delinquency
51(20)
3.1 Introduction
51(1)
3.2 Psychoanalytic Theories of Crime and Delinquency
52(2)
3.3 Moral Development Theories
54(1)
3.4 Cognitive Development Theories
55(1)
3.5 Coping Mechanisms Used by Adolescents
56(2)
3.6 Personality Trait Explanations of Delinquency
58(1)
3.7 Personality Measurement Methods to Ascertain Behavior Disorders
59(1)
3.8 The Criminal Personality
60(2)
3.9 The Development of Self-Control, Introspection, and Resilience
62(2)
3.10 The Psychopathic, Sociopathic, and Conduct Disorder Personalities
64(1)
3.11 Mental Illness and Delinquency
65(2)
3.12 Summary
67(1)
3.13 Discussion Questions
68(1)
References
69(2)
4 Social Organization Perspectives on Delinquency Causation
71(28)
4.1 Introduction
71(1)
4.2 Social Strain Theory
71(2)
4.2.1 Homelessness
72(1)
4.2.2 Effects of Poverty
73(1)
4.3 Environmental Influences on Delinquency
73(1)
4.4 Social Organizational Perspectives
74(3)
4.4.1 Delinquency Areas
74(2)
4.4.2 Delinquency and Drift
76(1)
4.5 Routine Activities
77(1)
4.5.1 Intergenerational Conflict Theory
77(1)
4.6 Anomie and Delinquency
78(3)
4.6.1 Reaction Formation Defense Mechanisms
79(1)
4.6.2 Lack of Opportunity and Delinquency
80(1)
4.6.3 Stress Factors Relating to Delinquency
80(1)
4.7 Social Learning Theory
81(8)
4.7.1 Differential Association Theory
83(1)
4.7.2 Differential Reinforcement Theory
84(1)
4.7.3 Risky Life Styles and Delinquency
84(1)
4.7.4 The Influence of Mass Media and Internet Violence on Adolescent Behavior
85(3)
4.7.5 The Culture of Violence
88(1)
4.8 Social-Psychological Explanations of Delinquency
89(4)
4.8.1 The Gluecks' Multiple-Factor Approach
89(1)
4.8.2 Containment Theory
90(1)
4.8.3 Social Control/Bonding Theory
90(3)
4.9 Summary
93(1)
4.10 Discussion Questions
93(1)
References
94(5)
5 Perspectives on Interpersonal Relationships in the Family
99(20)
5.1 Introduction
99(2)
5.2 Historical Development of the Role of Children in the Family
101(5)
5.2.1 Development of the Legal Concept "Child"
102(1)
5.2.2 Children in the United States
103(1)
5.2.3 Houses of Refuge
104(1)
5.2.4 Compulsory Education
105(1)
5.2.5 Origins of the Legal Status of Children
105(1)
5.3 Significant Cases Pertaining to Parent-Child Relations
106(3)
5.3.1 State Obligations to Protect a Child Under State Supervision
107(1)
5.3.2 Juvenile Rights Pertaining to the Family
108(1)
5.4 The Family and Delinquency
109(5)
5.4.1 Delinquency and Disrupted Family Structure
110(1)
5.4.2 Child Emancipation
111(1)
5.4.3 Socialization in the Family and Delinquency
112(1)
5.4.4 Family Violence and Delinquency
112(1)
5.4.5 Delinquency and Parental Rejection
113(1)
5.4.6 Relationship of Parental Discipline to Delinquency
114(1)
5.5 Counseling Families and Juvenile Offenders
114(1)
5.6 Summary
115(2)
5.7 Discussion Questions
117(1)
References
117(2)
6 Perspectives on Gangs and Peer Group Influences Pertaining to Delinquency Causation
119(34)
6.1 Introduction
119(1)
6.2 Definition of Gangs and Scope of the Problem
120(2)
6.2.1 Number of Youth Gangs and Gang Membership
121(1)
6.3 The History of Gang Development
122(6)
6.3.1 Gang Behavior in the 1970s
124(1)
6.3.2 Gang Behavior in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s
125(3)
6.4 Theories of Gang Formation
128(13)
6.4.1 Thrasher's Theory of Gang Development
128(1)
6.4.2 Research of the Chicago School
129(1)
6.4.3 Lower-Class Culture
129(2)
6.4.4 Delinquency and Opportunity
131(1)
6.4.5 Research Findings on Criminal Gangs
132(1)
6.4.6 Research Findings on Youth Gangs
133(3)
6.4.7 Drug and Alcohol Use by Gang Members
136(1)
6.4.8 The Underclass as a Generating Milieu for Gang Formation
137(1)
6.4.9 Motivation for Joining a Gang
138(2)
6.4.10 Development of the Gang
140(1)
6.5 Variations in Gang Membership and Structures
141(2)
6.5.1 Female Gangs
141(1)
6.5.2 Suburban, and Small-Town Gangs
142(1)
6.6 Control of Youth Gangs
143(4)
6.6.1 Community Organization for Gang Control
144(1)
6.6.2 Social Intervention
144(1)
6.6.3 Opportunities Provision
145(1)
6.6.4 Special Police Gang Units
145(1)
6.6.5 Legislation for Youth Gang Prevention and Control
146(1)
6.7 Summary
147(1)
6.8 Discussion Questions
148(1)
References
149(4)
7 Perspectives on Delinquency and Violence in the Schools
153(34)
7.1 Introduction
153(2)
7.2 The Socialization Process: Rewards and Punishments
155(2)
7.3 School Environment and Delinquency
157(5)
7.3.1 School Climate and School Disorder
159(1)
7.3.2 Use of Medication as a Control Mechanism
160(1)
7.3.3 Aspirations of Students, Fear of Failure and Delinquency
161(1)
7.4 Learning Disabilities and Delinquency in the Schools
162(1)
7.5 School Drop Out and Delinquency
163(1)
7.6 Removal from School-Suspension and Expulsion
164(2)
7.7 Alternative School Programs
166(2)
7.8 The Amount of Crime in Schools
168(2)
7.8.1 Characteristics of Offenders
168(1)
7.8.2 Types of Offenses Reported
169(1)
7.8.3 Property Crimes in the Schools
169(1)
7.8.4 Arrestees of Crimes in Schools
170(1)
7.9 School Shootings
170(8)
7.9.1 Victims of School Violence
171(1)
7.9.2 Approaches to Prevention of Bullying in the Schools
172(2)
7.9.3 Security Programs to Prevent School Shootings and Violence
174(4)
7.10 Summary
178(2)
7.11 Discussion Questions
180(1)
References
180(7)
Part II Youth in the Juvenile Justice System
8 Laws and Court Cases Pertaining to Children: Offenders and Victims
187(28)
8.1 Introduction
187(2)
8.2 Supreme Court Decisions Relating to Parents and Their Children
189(1)
8.3 Summary of the Family Law Cases
190(3)
8.3.1 Ex Parte Crouse (1838)
190(1)
8.3.2 Stanley v. Illinois (1973)
191(1)
8.3.3 Santosky v. Kramer (1982)
191(1)
8.3.4 DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services (1989)
192(1)
8.3.5 Troxel v. Granville (2000)
192(1)
8.4 Interaction Between the Police and Juveniles
193(2)
8.5 Juvenile Rights Pertaining to Questioning, Interrogation, and Custody by the Police
195(4)
8.5.1 Haley v. Ohio (1948)
195(1)
8.5.2 Gallegos v. Colorado (1962)
195(1)
8.5.3 Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
196(1)
8.5.4 Wade v. U.S. (1967)
196(1)
8.5.5 Simmons v. U.S. (1968)
196(1)
8.5.6 Fare v. Michael C. (1979)
197(1)
8.5.7 New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1984)
198(1)
8.5.8 Yarborough v. Alvarado (2004)
198(1)
8.5.9 J.D.B. v. North Carolina (2011)
199(1)
8.6 Court Cases Pertaining to Release and Preventive Detention of Juveniles
199(2)
8.6.1 McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)
200(1)
8.6.2 Schall v. Martin (1984)
201(1)
8.7 Supreme Court Cases Pertaining to Petitioned Juvenile Court Cases
201(4)
8.7.1 Kent v. U.S. (1966)
202(1)
8.7.2 Gault v. Arizona (1967)
203(1)
8.7.3 In re Winship (1970)
203(1)
8.7.4 McKiever v. Pennsylvania (1971)
204(1)
8.7.5 Breed v. Jones (1974)
204(1)
8.8 Supreme Court Cases Related to Juvenile Dispositions
205(2)
8.8.1 Eddings v. Oklahoma (1982)
206(1)
8.8.2 Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988)
206(1)
8.8.3 Roper v. Simmons (2005)
206(1)
8.8.4 Graham v. Florida (2010)
207(1)
8.9 Juveniles' Right to Treatment When Under Juvenile Justice Supervision and Care
207(1)
8.10 The Interplay of State Legislation and Court Decisions
208(1)
8.11 Summary
209(2)
8.12 Discussion Questions
211(1)
8.13 Court Cases
212(1)
References
213(2)
9 Perspectives on Children as Victims of Abuse and Neglect
215(30)
9.1 Introduction
215(1)
9.2 Primary Victimizers
216(1)
9.3 What Are Child Abuse and Neglect?
217(3)
9.4 Process for Reporting and Investigating Child Abuse
220(1)
9.5 Extent and Nature of Child Maltreatment
221(1)
9.6 Documentation of Child Maltreatment
222(2)
9.7 Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children
224(4)
9.7.1 The Incidence of Sexual Abuse of Children
224(1)
9.7.2 Sources of Referrals on Child Abuse
225(1)
9.7.3 Victim-Precipitated Abuse
226(1)
9.7.4 The Generational Theory of Child Abuse
227(1)
9.8 Risk Factors of Children
228(4)
9.8.1 Identifying Child Abuse and Neglect
230(2)
9.9 Legislation Directed Toward Protecting Maltreated Children
232(1)
9.10 Juvenile Court Process in Neglect and Abuse Cases
233(4)
9.10.1 Special Consideration Giving to Victims of Abuse or Neglect
235(1)
9.10.2 Dispositions in Child Abuse and Neglect Cases
236(1)
9.11 Criminal Prosecution of Child Abusers
237(1)
9.12 The Criminal Court Process
237(2)
9.13 Prevention Programs
239(1)
9.14 Summary
240(2)
9.15 Discussion Questions
242(1)
References
242(3)
10 The Police Role in Delinquency Prevention and Control
245(22)
10.1 Introduction
245(2)
10.2 Police Work with Juveniles
247(7)
10.2.1 Police Response to Misbehavior of Youth
249(1)
10.2.2 Police Discretion in Responding to Youth Misbehavior
250(2)
10.2.3 Police Juvenile Diversion Programs
252(1)
10.2.4 Factors Influencing Police Decisions to Take Youths into Custody
253(1)
10.3 Police Procedures and Juvenile Rights
254(3)
10.3.1 Questioning and Interrogation Procedures
254(1)
10.3.2 Identification Procedures
255(1)
10.3.3 Fingerprinting and Photographing Juveniles
256(1)
10.4 Specialized Police Units
257(4)
10.4.1 Investigating Offenses Against Children
257(1)
10.4.2 Juvenile Bureau
258(1)
10.4.3 Police Youth Gang Control Units
259(2)
10.5 Police Role in Community and School Programs for Delinquency Prevention
261(1)
10.6 Community Policing
262(2)
10.7 Summary
264(1)
10.8 Discussion Questions
265(1)
References
265(2)
11 Processing the Juvenile Offender: Diversion, Informal Handling, and Special Dockets
267(20)
11.1 Introduction
267(3)
11.2 Sources of Juvenile Court Referrals
270(1)
11.2.1 Types of Offenders
270(1)
11.2.2 Number of Cases Processed
270(1)
11.3 The Juvenile Court Process and Diversion from Official Involvement
271(7)
11.3.1 Four Phases of Informal Handling by the Court
272(1)
11.3.2 The Petition
273(1)
11.3.3 Intake Functions
274(1)
11.3.4 Custody of Parents or Temporary Detention
274(2)
11.3.5 Diversion at Juvenile Court Intake
276(2)
11.4 Juvenile Court Diversion Programs
278(2)
11.4.1 The Safe Harbor Program
278(1)
11.4.2 Truancy Mediation Diversion Program
278(1)
11.4.3 Diversion in Traffic Court
279(1)
11.5 Juvenile Diversion Programs in the Community
280(3)
11.5.1 Youth Courts
280(2)
11.5.2 Diversion of Females
282(1)
11.5.3 Critiques of Diversion
282(1)
11.6 Summary
283(1)
11.7 Discussion Questions
284(1)
References
285(2)
12 The Juvenile Court Process
287(34)
12.1 Introduction
287(2)
12.2 Sources of Juvenile Court Referrals
289(3)
12.2.1 The Petition
289(1)
12.2.2 The Intake Functions
290(1)
12.2.3 Release or Temporary Detention
290(2)
12.3 Official Processing of Juvenile Offenders
292(25)
12.3.1 Traffic Court
292(4)
12.3.2 Hearing to Transfer to Criminal Court
296(1)
12.3.3 The Waiver Hearing
297(3)
12.3.4 The Prehearing Conference
300(1)
12.3.5 Role of the Prosecutor
300(1)
12.3.6 Role of the Defense Attorney
301(4)
12.3.7 Role of the Juvenile Court Judge
305(9)
12.3.8 Adjudication Hearing
314(1)
12.3.9 Disposition Hearing
315(1)
12.3.10 Sentencing of Juveniles Adjudicated in Criminal Court
316(1)
12.4 Summary
317(1)
12.5 Discussion Questions
318(1)
References
319(2)
13 Probation and Community-Based Programs
321(32)
13.1 Introduction
321(1)
13.2 Historical Development of Probation
322(1)
13.3 Definition on Probation
323(1)
13.4 Adjudicated Delinquents on Probation
324(1)
13.5 The Probation Process
325(2)
13.6 Tasks Performed by Juvenile Probation Officers
327(11)
13.6.1 Investigator
328(1)
13.6.2 Case Management
329(3)
13.6.3 The Case Plan
332(3)
13.6.4 Service Provider and Research Broker
335(3)
13.7 Supervision of High Risk Probationers
338(2)
13.8 Probation Revocation
340(1)
13.9 Community Residential Treatment for Delinquents
340(9)
13.9.1 The Provo Experiment
341(1)
13.9.2 Kentfields
341(4)
13.9.3 Home Detention
345(1)
13.9.4 Restitution and Community Service
346(3)
13.10 Summary
349(1)
13.11 Discussion Questions
350(1)
References
351(2)
14 Perspectives on Juveniles Incarcerated in Secure Facilities
353(28)
14.1 Introduction
353(2)
14.2 History of Juvenile Institutions in America
355(3)
14.2.1 Orphan Trains
356(2)
14.3 Types of Correctional Facilities for Juveniles
358(7)
14.3.1 Detention Centers
358(5)
14.3.2 Juveniles in Adult Jails
363(1)
14.3.3 Shelter Homes
364(1)
14.3.4 Reception or Diagnostic Centers
364(1)
14.4 Long-Term Secure Facilities
365(2)
14.5 Unit Management (Functional Units) Organizational Model
367(1)
14.6 Classification of Residents: Based on Security Risks and Special Needs
368(1)
14.7 Treatment Programs in Secure Institutions: Academic and Vocational Education, Individual and Group Counseling, Recreational Activities
369(3)
14.8 Factors That Inhibit the Effectiveness of Institutional Programming
372(1)
14.9 The Juvenile's Response to Institutional Life
373(1)
14.10 Victimization and Violence in Institutions
374(1)
14.11 Institutional Effectiveness
374(1)
14.12 Normalization
375(1)
14.13 Summary
376(1)
14.14 Discussion Questions
377(1)
References
378(3)
15 Parole and Community Supervision
381(20)
15.1 Introduction
381(1)
15.1.1 Case I: Teen Charged In Attack
381(1)
15.1.2 Case II: Teen Suspected in Chapel Hill Robbery
382(1)
15.2 The Juvenile Parole (Aftercare) Decision
382(3)
15.3 The Parole (Aftercare) Process
385(1)
15.4 Preparation for Release
386(1)
15.5 The Parole (Aftercare) Treatment Plan
387(2)
15.5.1 General and Special Rules of Parole
388(1)
15.5.2 Discharge from Parole
388(1)
15.6 Parole Revocation
389(1)
15.6.1 The Revocation Process
389(1)
15.6.2 Youth's Rights at a Revocation Hearing
390(1)
15.7 The Effectiveness of Parole (Aftercare)
390(1)
15.8 Intensive Parole Supervision for High-Risk Juvenile Offenders
391(3)
15.8.1 Developing Intensive Supervision Case Management Plans
392(1)
15.8.2 Implementing Intensive Supervision Case Management
393(1)
15.8.3 Effectiveness of Intensive Parole
393(1)
15.9 Parole and Residential Treatment
394(2)
15.9.1 History of the Halfway House Movement
395(1)
15.10 Community Corrections Centers
396(1)
15.10.1 Highfields
396(1)
15.10.2 Volunteers
397(1)
15.11 Summary
397(1)
15.12 Discussion Questions
398(1)
References
399(2)
16 Counseling and Treatment of Juvenile Offenders
401(28)
16.1 Introduction
401(2)
16.2 Treatment Personnel and Definition of Treatment
403(3)
16.2.1 The Application of Management Principles to the Implementation of Treatment Programs
404(1)
16.2.2 Management of Treatment Programs
405(1)
16.3 Interviewing: The Initial Contact
406(1)
16.4 Types of Interviewing
407(1)
16.4.1 Cognitive Interview
407(1)
16.4.2 The Motivational Interview
408(1)
16.4.3 The Counseling Interview
408(1)
16.5 The Decision to Use Individual or Group Treatment
408(1)
16.6 The Role of Treatment Personnel
409(1)
16.7 Specific Treatment Techniques
410(10)
16.7.1 Psychotherapy:
410(1)
16.7.2 Reality Therapy
411(1)
16.7.3 Brief Therapy
412(1)
16.7.4 Crisis Intervention
412(1)
16.7.5 Assertiveness Training
413(1)
16.7.6 Behavior Modification
414(2)
16.7.7 Milieu Therapy
416(1)
16.7.8 Group Work
417(1)
16.7.9 Guided Group Interaction and Positive Peer Culture
418(1)
16.7.10 Family Counseling
418(1)
16.7.11 Anger Management
419(1)
16.8 Treatment Techniques for Specific Types of Offenders
420(4)
16.8.1 Art Therapy
420(1)
16.8.2 Treatment Programs for Sex Offenders
421(1)
16.8.3 Programs for Substance Abusers
421(1)
16.8.4 Drug Courts
422(2)
16.9 Treatment Effectiveness
424(1)
16.10 Summary
425(1)
16.11 Discussion Questions
426(1)
References
427(2)
Index 429
Peter Charles Kratcoski earned a PhD in sociology from the Pennsylvania State university, a MA in sociology from the University of Notre Dame and a BA in sociology from Kings College. He taught at St. Thomas College and Pennsylvania State University before assuming the position of assistant professor of sociology at Kent State University. He retired as professor  of  sociology/criminal justice studies and Chairman of the Department of Criminal Justice Studies at Kent State University. He is currently a professor emeritus and adjunct professor at Kent State. He has published many books, book chapters and journal articles in juvenile delinquency, juvenile justice, juvenile victimization and crime prevention as well as completing numerous research  projects   relating to policing, crime prevention, juvenile delinquency prevention and victimization. His most recent publications include author of Correctional Counseling and Treatment (6th edition) 2017, co-editor of Corruption, Fraud, Organized Crime, and the Shadow Economy, 2016 and co-editor of Perspectives on Elderly Crime and Victimization, 2018.

Lucille Dunn Kratcoski was awarded a  Bachelor of Arts degree  from Marywood College and a Master degree in music from Pennsylvania State University. She has numerous years teaching experience at the elementary, high school and university levels as well as providing private instruction. She co-authored Juvenile Delinquency and a number of book chapters and journal articles on the subject of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice. In addition to her private practice, she serves as a  Kratcoski Research Associate.



 Peter Christopher Kratcoski was awarded the B A degree in political science from Ohio State University and the juris doctorate degree from Ohio State University. He obtained a position as an associate attorney with the law firm Williams, and  Welser.  He  became a full partner and currently is the senior attorney of the law firm.  In addition to his law practice work, he has taught as an adjunct professor numerous law related courses at Kent State University and other colleges. He has co-authored two  books  related  to  experiential education in law and has presented papers at professional meetings.
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