The captive breeding and reintroduction of highly threatened species are among the most challenging conservation interventions and often represent the final tool in a comparatively small toolbox to conserve rapidly declining species. This book details the species recovery program that was designed and implemented over two decades to conserve the Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides asperginis), an extinct-in-the-wild tropical amphibian. More than 20 international and national institutions were involved in the design and implementation of the species recovery program. This complex two-decade effort highlights the challenges of conserving highly threatened tropical amphibians and integrating conservation with development in the 21st century. This volume will appeal to biologists, conservation and development practitioners, and institutions and individuals concerned about the conservation of biodiversity.
Chapter
1. Captive Breeding and Reintroduction of Globally Threatened
Species.
Chapter
2. International Concern about the Kihansi Spray Toad.-
Chapter
3. Discovery of the Kihansi Spray Toad.
Chapter
4. Proposed
Mitigation Options to Conserve the Kihansi Spray Toad and Its Habitat, 1995
1999.
Chapter
5. World Bank Environmental Review of the Lower Kihansi
Hydropower Project, 2000.
Chapter
6. Immediate Rescue and Emergency Measures
Project, 2000 2001.
Chapter
7. Design of the Lower Kihansi Environmental
Management Project, 2001.
Chapter
8. Implementation of the Lower Kihansi
Environmental Management Project, 2002 2003.
Chapter
9. Implementation of
the Lower Kihansi Environmental Management Project, July 2003 2007.-
Chapter
10. Captive Breeding of the Kihansi Spray Toad in U.S. Zoos.
Chapter
11. Planning for the Reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad.
Chapter
12.
Establishment of a Captive Breeding Populations in Tanzania.
Chapter
13.
Pre-Reintroduction Assessment of the Spray Wetlands.
Chapter
14.
Reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad.
Chapter
15. Hard Releases of the
Kihansi Spray Toad back to the Kihansi Gorge.
Chapter
16. Enclosure
Studies.
Chapter
17. Mark-Recapture Studies.
Chapter
18. Summary of Soft
and Hard Releases, 2012-2023.
Chapter
19. Implementation Costs.
Chapter
20.
Potential Contributory Factors to Low Post-Release Survival of the Kihansi
Spray Toad.
Chapter
21. Lessons Learned.
William D. Newmark is a research curator and conservation biologist in the Natural History Museum of Utah. He holds a B.A. in biology from the University of Colorado, an M.S. in wildland management from the University of Michigan, and a Ph.D. in ecology from the University of Michigan. His research focuses on patterns of vertebrate extinction, protected area and wildlife corridor design, animal movement, and captive-breeding and reintroduction. He has conducted field research in western North America and East Africa for four decades. From 2000 to 2019, he served as the lead technical consultant to the World Bank on the design and implementation of the species recovery program for the Kihansi Spray Toad.
