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El. knyga: Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property: Volume 5

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The fields of intellectual property have broadened and deepened in so many ways that commentators struggle to keep up with the ceaseless rush of developments and hot topics. Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property is a series that is designed to help authors escape this rush. It creates a forum for authors who wish to more deeply question, investigate and reflect upon the evolving themes and principles of the discipline.





The essays in this 5th volume in the series come from authors who, after a lifelong engagement with various fields of intellectual property (including its socio-economic foundations), reflect on the events and processes that, in their scholarly experience, most significantly impacted on the great evolutionary trends in their particular fields.





These reflections span a wide arc from the contradictory history of the regulation of employee inventions and works, to the status of intellectual property as market regulation under public international law; from the trajectories of trade mark protection in the European Union, to the paradigmatic changes copyright law has undergone as a result of technological change; from the influence of the human rights movement on perceptions of intellectual property, to the pendulum swings of patent protection in gene technology inventions; and finally, from the impact of the TRIPS Agreement and bilateral TRIPS plus agreements on IP in the pharmaceutical sector, to the continuing development of copyright for works of art and of the resale right in the PR China.





With contributions from: Niklas Bruun, Thomas Cottier, Annette Kur, Hector L. MacQueen, Sam Ricketson, Dianne Nicol, Jayashree Watal, Zhou Lin
List of contributors
xi
Advisory Board xii
Editorial xiii
1 Reflections on the contradictory history of the regulation of employee intellectual property
1(22)
Niklas Bruun
I Introduction: my personal background -- why a lifelong interest in employee intellectual property?
1(2)
II The paradox regarding the stability and continuity of legislation on employee intellectual property, especially employee inventions
3(2)
III On the lack of significance of the theoretical concept of the initial right holder of intellectual property
5(3)
IV The changing role of universities and its significant impact on employee intellectual property and academic research
8(2)
V The impact of human rights on intellectual property and employee intellectual property
10(2)
VI EU law and employee intellectual property
12(7)
A The regulatory framework
12(2)
B Moral rights
14(1)
C Right to protection of material interests
15(1)
D The Luksan case
16(2)
E Employee intellectual property
18(1)
VII The paradox of openness versus confidentiality
19(2)
VIII Final reflections
21(2)
2 The legal nature of intellectual property rights in public international law
23(25)
Thomas Cottier
I Introduction
23(2)
II The heritage of private rights
25(2)
III The public law angle
27(3)
IV The status of intellectual property rights in public international law
30(12)
A Human rights and property protection
32(6)
B Investment law
38(2)
C International intellectual property and trade law
40(2)
V The right to use intellectual property rights and restrictions imposed
42(4)
A Rights versus legitimate interests
42(2)
B Necessity and proportionality
44(2)
VI Conclusions
46(2)
3 Trade mark (and design) law from a personal perspective
48(25)
Annette Kur
I Prologue
48(3)
II From the 1970's to today: an overview
51(5)
III Overlaps (in particular trade marks and industrial designs)
56(5)
IV Trade mark functions, fairness, and undistorted competition
61(8)
V Closing the cycle
69(4)
4 Surprised by intellectual property law?
73(26)
Hector L. MacQueen
I Introduction
73(4)
II Technology and copyright
77(2)
III Copyright and computers
79(2)
IV The Internet: only connect?
81(3)
V Copyright, software and the Internet
84(11)
A Software and temporary reproduction
84(3)
B Temporary reproduction and the Internet
87(3)
C Copyright exceptions and the Internet
90(3)
D Limiting copyright?
93(2)
VI Judicial expansion of intellectual property and the protection of privacy
95(2)
VII Conclusion
97(2)
5 The pendulum of patents, principles and products -- from the industrial revolution to the genetic revolution
99(26)
Dianne Nicol
I Prelude - Arkwright and Watt's legacy
99(2)
II Introduction
101(2)
III The beginning -- products versus principles (and processes)
103(1)
IV The unpatentable -- abstract ideas, natural phenomena, laws of nature and products of nature
104(2)
V The university -- pushing the boundary between discovery and invention
106(5)
VI Downstream innovation -- anticommons, hold ups and thickets
111(5)
VII Diagnostic genetic testing -- responses to what Myriad did
116(3)
VIII So, are genes inherently patentable or not?
119(4)
IX Conclusion
123(2)
6 Change or no change -- a personal intellectual property journey
125(27)
Sam Ricketson
I Introduction
125(2)
II The advent of trade-related IPR's
127(4)
III The shift to the digital, networked environment
131(5)
IV The growing awareness of developmental and human rights concerns
136(1)
V The decline of multilateralism
137(5)
VI The changing character of intellectual property scholarship -- the continuing role of the legal treatise and other forms of scholarly communication
142(8)
VII Concluding comments
150(2)
7 North-South perceptions of the TRIPs Agreement: then and now (1990 and 2020)
152(22)
Jayashree Watal
I Introduction
152(1)
II My role as India's TRIPS negotiator 1989-91
152(2)
III The case of India in relation to access to medicines
154(3)
IV 1994-2000: period primarily spent on research on intellectual property rights - some wrong and some right predictions
157(3)
V My experience from 2001-2004 in the WTO Secretariat working on negotiations related to access to medicines
160(4)
VI Changing perception of the role of intellectual property in technology development and dissemination
164(4)
VII Big push in intellectual property chapters in Free Trade Agreements shows TRIPS is balanced
168(4)
VIII Looking forward
172(2)
8 A copyrightist for art's sake
174(26)
Zhou Lin
I Introduction
174(1)
II Understanding copyright as a beginner
175(9)
A Editorial work
175(1)
B Study on the history of copyright in China
176(6)
C Recent changes to copyright law
182(2)
III Experiences in art-copyright
184(9)
A My dreams at childhood
184(1)
B Fighting for the rights and interests of artists
185(5)
C Teaching and research in art law
190(3)
IV Information law and copyright
193(5)
A The concept of `information law' and the `three principles of the rule of law on information'
193(1)
B China's legislative proposal on the resale right from the perspective of information law
194(4)
V Conclusion
198(2)
Index 200
Edited by Gustavo Ghidini, Professor Emeritus, University of Milan and Senior Professor of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, LUISS University, Rome, Italy, Hanns Ullrich, Professor Emeritus, Affiliated Research Fellow, Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich, Germany and Peter Drahos, Professor Emeritus, European University Institute, Florence, Italy and Professor Emeritus, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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