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El. knyga: Laboratory Rat

, (University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA)

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Rats have long been recognized as a valuable biomedical research model, notably in the investigation of aging, toxicology, addiction, and common human diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. In many instances, individuals conducting such research studies are charged with important responsibilities, including animal facility management, animal husbandry, veterinary care, regulatory compliance, and various experimental methodologies. With the advent of genetic manipulations and biomedical research technological advances such as bioimaging, the versatility and usefulness of the rat as an animal model has soared. The Laboratory Rat, Second Edition captures the multiple advances in this important animal model’s husbandry, veterinary care, and experimental methodology. This edition features augmented, expanded, and novel information on biology, anesthesia, analgesia, and experimental techniques benefiting personnel working with rats—from the animal care staff to the researcher and everyone in between. The book is also extremely useful to institutional animal care and use program supporters and elements, including animal care and use committees, institutional officials, occupational health and safety professionals, veterinary technicians, and veterinarians.
Preface, 2nd edition xv
Preface, 1st edition xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Authors xxi
1 Important biological features
1(30)
introduction
1(2)
nomenclature
3(2)
behavior
5(2)
anatomical and physiological features
7(15)
Digestive System
8(3)
Urinary System
11(1)
Integumentary System
11(1)
Reproductive System
12(1)
Respiratory System
13(2)
Hemolymphatic System
15(1)
Circulatory System
15(2)
Musculoskeletal System
17(1)
Glands
18(1)
Nervous System
18(4)
hematology and clinical chemistry
22(4)
reproduction
26(5)
Estrous Cycle
28(3)
2 husbandry
31(54)
housing
32(27)
Microenvironment
32(7)
Macroenvironment
39(7)
Megaenvironment
46(11)
Security
57(1)
Disaster and Emergency Planning
58(1)
environmental enrichment
59(2)
nutrition
61(8)
Dietary Requirements
61(8)
sanitation and sanitation monitoring
69(10)
Microenvironment
73(2)
Macro- and Megaenvironment
75(4)
transportation
79(2)
quality control
81(1)
identification and records
81(4)
3 management
85(20)
overview
85(2)
Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS)
86(1)
Office International des Epizooties (OIE)
86(1)
select regulatory agencies and compliance
87(5)
Australia
87(1)
Canada
87(1)
Europe
87(1)
People's Republic of China
88(1)
Taiwan, Republic of China
88(1)
India
88(1)
Japan
89(1)
Korea
89(1)
New Zealand
89(1)
Singapore
89(1)
United Kingdom
90(1)
United States
90(2)
voluntary accreditation
92(3)
AAALAC-International
92(3)
zoonotic diseases/occupational health
95(10)
Zoonotic Diseases
96(4)
Occupational Health
100(5)
4 Veterinary Care
105(90)
clinical history
105(1)
physical examination
106(3)
Vital Signs
106(1)
Organ System Evaluation
107(2)
diagnostic imaging
109(1)
Radiographs
110(1)
Ultrasound
110(1)
diseases of rats
110(1)
bacterial agents
111(3)
Mycoplasmosis
111(3)
cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (car bacillus)
114(8)
Corynebacterium kutscheri
115(1)
Pasteurella pneumotropica
116(1)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
117(1)
Bordetella bronchiseptica
118(1)
Clostridium piliforme (Tyzzer's Disease)
118(2)
Enterococcus durans (Streptococcal Enteropathy of Infant Rats)
120(1)
Staphylococcus aureus
120(1)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
120(1)
Helicobacter spp.
121(1)
viral agents
122(6)
Rat Parvoviruses
122(1)
Sialodacryoadenitis Virus/Rat Coronavirus
123(3)
Pneumonia Virus of Mice
126(1)
Sendai Virus
126(1)
Rotavirus
127(1)
Rat Theilovirus
128(1)
Other Viral Infections
128(1)
parasitic agents
128(6)
Ectoparasites
128(1)
Diagnosis
129(1)
Endoparasites
130(4)
fungal agents
134(1)
Pneumocystosis
134(1)
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
135(1)
Dermatophytosis
135(1)
neoplastic diseases of rats
135(4)
Mammary Tumors
135(1)
Testicular Tumors
136(1)
Mononuclear Cell Leukemia, or Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia
137(1)
Pituitary Tumors
137(1)
Zymbal's Gland Tumor
138(1)
Other Neoplasms
138(1)
age-related lesions and miscellaneous conditions
139(5)
Chronic Progressive Nephropathy
139(2)
Myocardial Degeneration
141(1)
Urolithiasis
141(1)
Alveolar Histiocytosis/Alveolar Proteinosis
141(2)
Cholangiofibrosis
143(1)
Radiculoneuropathy
143(1)
Polyarteritis Nodosa
143(1)
Other Age-Related Diseases
144(1)
other conditions
144(4)
Ringtail
145(1)
Malocclusion
145(1)
Heat Prostration
146(1)
Retinal Degeneration
146(1)
Adynamic Ileus Associated with Chloral Hydrate
147(1)
Pododermatitis
147(1)
Auricular Chondritis
148(1)
disease prevention, treatment, and control
148(13)
Bacterial and Fungal Diseases
152(1)
Viral Diseases
153(1)
Parasitic Diseases
153(1)
Neoplasia
154(1)
Age-Related Lesions
154(1)
Miscellaneous Conditions/Diseases
154(1)
detecting and preventing infectious disease
155(1)
Quarantining Incoming Rats/Vendor Surveillance
156(1)
Screening Biologics
156(1)
Colony Health Surveillance
157(1)
Other Aspects of Disease Prevention and Control
158(1)
Rederivation
159(2)
anesthesia and analgesia
161(17)
Analgesia
163(4)
Preoperative Medications
167(1)
Anesthesia
168(8)
Anesthetic and Supportive Equipment
176(1)
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
177(1)
Anesthesia Monitoring
177(1)
aseptic surgery
178(3)
General
178(1)
Aseptic Technique
179(2)
Fluid Therapy/Emergency Response
181(1)
preoperative issues
181(3)
Anesthetic and Supportive Equipment
181(1)
Surgical Instruments
182(1)
Drugs
183(1)
Personnel
183(1)
Animals
184(1)
operative issues
184(1)
postoperative issues
185(1)
euthanasia
186(4)
Inhalant Anesthetics
187(1)
Barbiturates
187(1)
Carbon Dioxide
188(1)
Cervical Dislocation
188(1)
Decapitation
189(1)
Microwave Irradiation
189(1)
Fetal and Neonatal Euthanasia
189(1)
Nonsurvival Surgery
190(1)
necropsy
190(5)
Procedure
190(2)
Documentation
192(3)
5 Experimental Methodology
195(52)
restraint
195(7)
Manual Restraint
195(5)
Mechanical Restraint
200(1)
Chemical Restraint
200(2)
sampling techniques
202(14)
Blood Collection
202(10)
Urine Collection
212(1)
Cerebrospinal Fluid
213(1)
Bone Marrow
213(1)
Milk Collection
213(1)
Feces
214(1)
Macrophage Collection
214(1)
Lymphatic Fluid
214(1)
Bile
214(1)
Vascular Access Port
215(1)
compound administration
216(9)
Subcutaneous
217(2)
Intraperitoneal
219(1)
Intramuscular
219(1)
Intravenous
220(1)
Intradermal
220(1)
Gastric Gavage/Per Os
220(2)
Intracolonic
222(1)
Intratracheal
222(1)
Intranasal
222(1)
Subplantar
223(1)
Intraosseous
223(1)
Intracerebral, Intrathecal, Epidural
223(2)
Osmotic Pumps
225(1)
other techniques
225(5)
Physiological Recording
225(1)
Electroencephalogram
225(1)
Electrocardiogram
226(1)
Blood Pressure
226(1)
Diagnostic Imaging
226(1)
Ultrasound
227(1)
Radiography
227(3)
Gait Analysis
230(1)
common research uses of rats
230(5)
Aging Studies
231(1)
Oncology, Toxicology, Teratology
231(1)
Cardiovascular Research
232(1)
Behavior and Neuroscience
233(2)
Biodefense
235(1)
other rats used in research
235(12)
Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys spp.)
235(1)
Indian Soft-Furred Rat (Millardia meltada)
236(1)
Multimammate Rat (Praomys coucha)
237(2)
White-Tailed Rat, South African Hamster (Mystromys albicaudatus)
239(1)
Degu, Trumpet-Tailed Rat (Octodon degu)
240(1)
Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus)
241(1)
Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus)
242(2)
Naked Mole-Rat (Heterocephalus glaber)
244(3)
6 resources
247(54)
organizations
247(16)
publications
263(1)
Periodicals
263(1)
Textbooks
264(3)
electronic resources
267(1)
Websites
267(6)
Listserv Mailing Lists
273(1)
Select Databases
273(2)
equipment and facilities meetings
274(1)
technical education
274(1)
vendors
275(1)
Animals
275(2)
Bedding
277(1)
Caging and Equipment
278(5)
Diet
283(3)
Environmental Enrichment
286(15)
research animal diagnostic laboratories
286(2)
research support
288(5)
sanitation supplies
293(4)
transportation
297(1)
veterinary and surgical supplies
298(3)
bibliography 301(58)
index 359
Patrick Sharp, Jason S. Villano