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El. knyga: Language Evolution: The Windows Approach

(University of Stellenbosch, South Africa)
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How can we unravel the evolution of language, given that there is no direct evidence about it? Rudolf Botha addresses this intriguing question in his fascinating new book. Inferences can be drawn about language evolution from a range of other phenomena, serving as windows into this prehistoric process. These include shell-beads, fossil skulls and ancestral brains, modern pidgin and creole languages, homesign systems and emergent sign languages, modern motherese, language use of modern hunter-gatherers, first language acquisition, similarities between language and music, and comparative animal behaviour. The first systematic analysis of the Windows Approach, it will be of interest to students and researchers in many disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, palaeontology and primatology, as well as anyone interested in how language evolved.

Recenzijos

'In 2006, Rudie Botha launched an all out attack on the legitimacy of the claim that the South African archaeological site of Blombos had evidence of 'fully syntactic' language 75,000 years ago. No one has been able to counter the logic of his argument, and this book applies that same relentless, illuminating logic to other claims in the study of language origins. In doing so, Botha shows just how carefully any claims must be justified, and just how powerful his Windows Approach is. Students and researchers in archaeology, primatology, linguistics, and comparative ethology cannot ignore this book.' Iain Davidson, University of New England 'This book will prove to be a milestone in the field a meticulous, rigorous, and yet highly readable guide.' Paul T. Roberge, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Daugiau informacijos

Addresses the question: how can we unravel the evolution of language, given that there is no direct evidence about it?
List of figures
viii
Acknowledgements ix
Part I Preliminaries
1(26)
1 The Windows Approach
3(10)
1.1 Windows of a conceptual kind
3(1)
1.2 Sonic sample window inferences
4(7)
1.3 Clarifying the window idea X
1.4 Aims
11(1)
1.5 Organisation
12(1)
2 Conceptual foundations of the Approach
13(14)
2.1 Guiding questions
13(1)
2.2 The Empirical Requirement
13(2)
2.3 The Soundness Requirement
15(2)
2.4 The Warrantedness Condition
17(2)
2.5 The Groundedness Condition
19(1)
2.6 The Pertinence Condition
20(4)
2.7 The anatomy of a window inference
24(2)
2.8 Interlinkage
26(1)
Part II Correlate windows
27(54)
3 Sea shells, ancient beads and Middle Stone Age symbols
29(26)
3.1 Blombos Cave: a veritable treasure trove
29(2)
3.2 From shells to beads
31(3)
3.3 From beads to symbols
34(4)
3.4 From symbols to fully syntactic language
38(13)
3.5 Conclusion
51(4)
4 Fossil skulls and ancestral brains
55(26)
4.1 A basis of bone
55(2)
4.2 The Homo habilis conclusion
57(3)
4.3 The make-up of the inferential chain
60(1)
4.4 From skulls to brains
61(9)
4.5 From sulci and gyri to ncuroanatomical areas
70(4)
4.6 From neuroanatomy lo linguistic function
74(4)
4.7 Conclusion
78(3)
Part III Analogue windows
81(114)
5 Incipient pidgins and creoles
83(20)
5.1 `The nearest thing to protolanguage'
83(1)
5.2 Bickerton's structure variant
84(10)
5.3 Mufwene's development variant
94(4)
5.4 Roberge's creation variant
98(3)
5.5 Conclusion
101(2)
6 Homesign systems and emergent sign languages
103(19)
6.1 `Natural laboratories'
103(2)
6.2 Homesign systems and the emergence of new sign languages
105(3)
6.3 `Panes' of the sign language window
108(7)
6.4 Salient properties of the inferences
115(5)
6.5 Conclusion
120(2)
7 Modern motherese
122(17)
7.1 `The first glimmerings of language'
122(1)
7.2 Modem motherese: a cocktail phenomenon
123(4)
7.3 Folk's account of prelinguistic evolution
127(2)
7.4 (Proto)speech and (proto)language: fuzzy phenomena
129(2)
7.5 The heuristic capacity of the modern motherese model
131(5)
7.6 Conclusion
136(3)
8 Hunter-gatherers' use of language
139(22)
8.1 Enter the !Kung
139(2)
8.2 MacDonald and Roebroeks's study
141(5)
8.3 Tallerman's study
146(3)
8.4 Uniformitarian assumptions as warrants
149(2)
8.5 Some differences between modem hunter-gatherers and early hominins
151(2)
8.6 The uniformitarian warrant of Heine and Kuteva's grammaticalisation window
153(6)
8.7 Conclusion
159(2)
9 Language acquisition
161(34)
9.1 `Extracting phyletic information from ontogeny'
161(3)
9.2 Hurford's theory of the evolution of syntax
164(2)
9.3 The theory of syntax
166(8)
9.4 The theory of die acquisition of syntax
174(4)
9.5 The theory of recapitulation
178(12)
9.6 Bickerton's protolanguage inference
190(1)
9.7 Conclusion
191(4)
Part IV Abduction windows
195(60)
10 Modern music and language
199(31)
10.1 Language: `a perpetual Orphic song'
199(2)
10.2 Brown's musilanguage inference
201(8)
10.3 Mithcn's `Hmmmmm' inference
209(6)
10.4 The Darwin-Fitch musical protolanguage inference
215(5)
10.5 Getting from a musical precursor to full language
220(5)
10.6 Conclusion
225(5)
11 Comparative animal behaviour
230(25)
11.1 Darwin's window
230(2)
11.2 Investigating linguistic uniqueness
232(1)
11.3 The inferential chains
233(12)
11.4 Diverging assessments of the uniqueness variant of the animal window
245(6)
11.5 Conclusion
251(4)
Part V Epilogue
255(8)
12 A tool fit for demystifying language evolution?
257(6)
12.1 A matter of fitness
257(1)
12.2 Spread potential
257(1)
12.3 Wide scope
258(2)
12.4 Constrained work
260(1)
12.5 Ideas vs the execution of ideas
261(2)
Notes 263(21)
References 284
Index 312
Rudolf Botha is Emeritus Professor of General Linguistics at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, and Honorary Professor of Linguistics at Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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