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Language and Identity in Modern Egypt [Minkštas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 416 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 628 g, 4 black and white illustrations
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Jan-2015
  • Leidėjas: Edinburgh University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0748699945
  • ISBN-13: 9780748699940
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Language and Identity in Modern EgyptDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 416 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 628 g, 4 black and white illustrations
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Jan-2015
  • Leidėjas: Edinburgh University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0748699945
  • ISBN-13: 9780748699940
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780748699940.html
This book examines language and identity in modern Egypt using theories from discourse analysis and sociolinguistics. How is language used in Egyptian public discourse to illuminate the collective identity of Egyptians? How does this identity relate to language form and content? These questions are explored in this book, using a broad selection of data, including newspaper articles, caricatures, blogs, patriotic songs, films, school textbooks, TV talk shows, poetry and novels. As well as furthering our understanding of the relationship between identity and language in general, Language and Identity in Modern Egypt also yields insights about the intricate ways in which media and public discourse help shape and outline identity through linguistic processes. Offers an in depth study of identity in modern Egyptian public discourse; focuses on nationalist discourse before, during and after the Egyptian revolution of 2011; based on a broad and representative selection of data and helps us to decode and understand the messages put forward by the competing factions in Egyptian politics.
List of maps, figures, and tables
ix
List of abbreviations
x
Transcription, glosses, and transliterations xii
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction: language and identity in modern Egypt 1(33)
1.1 Why Egypt?
2(4)
1.2 Aims of this work
6(1)
1.3 Setting the framework
7(19)
1.3.1 The linguistic situation in Egypt
7(2)
1.3.1.1 Arabic in Egypt
9(2)
1.3.1.2 Ferguson's definition of diglossia in the Arab world
11(3)
1.3.1.3 The concept of prestige as different from that of standard
14(2)
1.3.1.4 Identity and code-switching in Egypt
16(2)
1.3.2 Public discourse
18(3)
1.3.3 Choice and nature of data
21(1)
1.3.3.1 Egyptian oral culture: films, patriotic songs, poetry
22(2)
1.3.3.2 Written media: books, newspapers, novels, caricatures
24(1)
1.3.3.3 Online media: general importance
25(1)
1.4
Chapter outline
26(2)
1.5 Contributions of this book
28(1)
1.6 Readers of this book
29(1)
1.7 Limitations of this work
30(4)
1 Identity and beyond: setting the framework of analysis
34(44)
1.1 The main approach of this work
40(6)
1.2 An Egyptian identity defined
46(7)
1.3 Language as a social process and practice
53(2)
1.4 Theorizing identity in discourse
55(9)
1.4.1 Positioning theory
55(1)
1.4.2 Stance
56(2)
1.4.3 Indexicality
58(3)
1.4.3.1 Indexicality, code-choice, and code-switching
61(3)
1.5 Linguistic resources adopted
64(10)
1.5.1 Discourse resources
67(1)
1.5.1.1 Identification categories
67(1)
1.5.1.2 Van Leeuwen's five categories
67(1)
1.5.1.3 Nature of statements
68(1)
1.5.1.4 Presupposition
69(1)
1.5.1.5 Metaphor and metonymy
69(1)
1.5.1.6 Intertextuality and dialogicality
70(2)
1.5.2 Structural resources
72
1.5.2.1 Grammatical patterns: nominalization, verbless sentences
71(1)
1.5.2.2 Pronouns
71(1)
1.5.2.3 Tense and aspect
72(1)
1.5.2.4 Demonstratives, deixis, quantification, and negation
72(1)
1.5.2.5 Conditional sentences
73(1)
1.5.2.6 Mode and modality
73(1)
1.5.2.7 Phonological, structural, and lexical variations
74(1)
1.6 Conclusion
74(4)
2 A historical overview of the development of national identity in modern Egypt with reference to language: the formative period
78(27)
2.1 Egypt as a nation and a nation-state
81(2)
2.2 The formation of modern Egyptian identity
83(9)
2.3 Language in education during the British occupation
92(2)
2.4 Intellectuals, politicians, and the struggle for SA
94(4)
2.5 Language ideologies, attitudes, and policies
98(3)
2.6 Conclusion
101(4)
3 "Arabic" indexes amidst a nation and a nation-state: ideologies, attitudes, and linguistic realities
105(44)
3.1 Diglossia and first order indexes: habits and practices
107(1)
3.2 Second order indexes: ideologies and attitudes
108(2)
3.3 Direct layering of SA second order indexes
110(11)
3.3.1 Associations of SA
110(1)
3.3.1.1 SA and Islam: the legitimate and divine indexes
110(1)
3.3.1.2 SA as the weapon against disintegration and corruption: the pure, authoritative, unifying indexes
111(7)
3.3.1.3 Search for linguistic stability: the preservation technique
118(2)
3.3.1.4 The authoritative indexes of SA exemplified
120(1)
3.4 Indirect layering of SA second order indexes
121(7)
3.4.1 Negative indexes of SA
121(1)
3.4.1.1 Complex language attitudes: the depiction of Arabic teachers in Egyptian films
121(7)
3.5 ECA indexes: first order and second order
128(15)
3.5.1 Direct and indirect layering of ECA second order indexes
128(1)
3.5.1.1 ECA and cultural hegemony: the Egyptianization process of non-Egyptian actors and singers
129(8)
3.5.1.2 ECA as an "authentic" code: implicit language attitudes
137(6)
3.6 English indexes: linguistic habits and prestige
143(2)
3.7 Discussion
145(4)
4 Social attributes of Egyptian identity
149(90)
4.1 Nature of the data
151(1)
4.2 The backbone: historicity, ethnicity, and locality
152(24)
4.2.1 Historicity
152(10)
4.1.1.1 Recurrent themes in nationalist songs
162(2)
4.2.2 Ethnicity
164(6)
4.2.3 Locality
170(6)
4.3 The outcome: habits and characteristics
176(7)
4.4 Religion: dilemmas of foregrounding and backgrounding in public discourse
183(31)
4.4.1 A different approach to data
184(2)
4.4.2 First claim in public discourse: linguistic variation is not dependent on religion
186(3)
4.4.2.1 Article analysis
189(4)
4.4.2.2 Structural resources
193(2)
4.4.2.3 Discourse resources
195(11)
4.4.3 Second claim of public discourse: Egyptians are religious, but religious differences between Christians and Muslims are not salient
206(2)
4.4.3.1 Neutral mention of God
208(1)
4.4.3.2 Mention of local areas that reference religion
208(1)
4.4.3.3 Relating religion to other social variables
209(1)
4.4.3.4 Clear mention of religious categories
209(1)
4.4.3.5 A typical example to recap discussion
210(4)
4.5 Arabic language as an independent social variable
214(5)
4.6 The "Arab" component in the "Egyptian" identity
219(10)
4.7 Discussion and conclusions
229(10)
4.7.1 "The paradox of the knowledgeable Egyptian": discursive and structural resources
229(2)
4.7.2 Code-choice and orders of indexicality
231(2)
4.7.3 Social variables attributed to Egyptian identity
233(6)
5 Identity and narration in Egypt
239(55)
5.1 Importance of narration in identity work
241(1)
5.2 Social variables that mark the Egyptian identity
242(22)
5.2.1 Language as a social variable
242(9)
5.2.1.1 Discussion
251(1)
5.2.2 Other social variables: historicity, ethnicity, religion, and locality
252(11)
5.2.2.1 Discussion
263(1)
5.3 Code-choice and code-switching as a linguistic resource: evidence from dialogues in Egyptian novels
264(26)
5.3.1 Diglossia and literature: authors' stance
264(3)
5.3.2 Studies of diglossia in literature
267(2)
5.3.3 Code-choice and code-switching as a linguistic resource: applications
269(1)
5.3.3.1 Analysis
270(17)
5.3.4 Discussion
287(2)
5.3.4.1 Authenticity, second discussion
289(1)
5.4 Conclusion
290(4)
6 The politics of identity and linguistic unrest: the case of the Egyptian Revolution
294(47)
6.1 Language as a scapegoat: unequal access to resources
298(10)
6.1.1 Linguistic explanations for the lack of democracy prior to the revolution
298(3)
6.1.2 Linguistic justifications for the lack of democracy in Egypt
301(7)
6.2 When identity is contested: who are the "real" Egyptians and what language do they speak?
308(18)
6.2.1 Data analysis
310(1)
6.2.1.1 Tamir's attack on the identity of the protestors
310(5)
6.2.1.2 Actress Shuayb's postulations of the "fake" identity of the protestors in Tahrir Square
315(2)
6.2.1.3 The revolutionaries fight back: laying claims to SA authoritative indexes
317(6)
6.2.1.4 Discussion
323(3)
6.3 How should I address Egyptians? Reclaiming access to SA after the revolution
326(5)
6.4 When linguistic ideologies prevail
331(2)
6.5 Linguistic unrest: the war over access to resources
333(8)
7 Conclusions
341(22)
7.1 The twofold function of language in identity construction
341(2)
7.2 Social variables and linguistic resources: how are Egyptians defined in public discourse?
343(5)
7.2.1 What does being an Egyptian mean?
343(1)
7.2.2 How are linguistic resources used? What are the salient tendencies?
344(4)
7.3 Theorizing indexes and identity in the Egyptian context
348(8)
7.4 An alternative framework: access and resources
356(7)
Appendix: chronological list of songs examined 363(3)
Bibliography 366(26)
Index 392
Reem Bassiouney is Associate Professor of Linguistics at The American University of Cairo.