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xii | |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xv | |
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PART 1 LANGUAGE AND CULTURE |
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1 | (102) |
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Chapter 1 An Overview Of Language And Learning |
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3 | (26) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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How has Language been studied? |
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4 | (4) |
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What is language and why do we have it? |
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8 | (1) |
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Different dimensions of language |
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9 | (2) |
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Function and form of language |
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10 | (1) |
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Language is both personal and sociocultural |
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10 | (1) |
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Language, ideology and power |
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11 | (3) |
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Characteristics of language |
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14 | (3) |
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Language, thinking and learning |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (4) |
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Towards a definition of language |
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22 | (3) |
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25 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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26 | (3) |
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29 | (31) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (17) |
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Making sense of our environment |
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32 | (1) |
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Language as social interaction |
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33 | (3) |
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Language and social values |
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36 | (2) |
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Language to exchange information |
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38 | (2) |
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Learning language functions |
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40 | (2) |
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Language for structuring reality |
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42 | (5) |
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Language and communication |
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47 | (7) |
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48 | (2) |
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Factors influencing communication |
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50 | (4) |
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Improving our communication skills |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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56 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Language Variation |
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60 | (43) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (1) |
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Language, culture and thought |
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68 | (6) |
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Sexism and racism in language |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (13) |
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Language difference, language deviance or language deficit? |
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74 | (5) |
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Language variation and gender |
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79 | (8) |
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87 | (10) |
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The language of instruction |
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89 | (3) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Variation in written language: different genres |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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98 | (5) |
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PART 2 LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE STRUCTURE |
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103 | (118) |
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Chapter 4 An Introduction To Linguistics And Grammar |
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105 | (25) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (5) |
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Traditional grammar and functional grammar |
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112 | (14) |
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Critical language awareness |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (7) |
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Useful aspects of grammar for teaching and learning |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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127 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Discourse Analysis/Text Linguistics |
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130 | (30) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (12) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (5) |
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Patterns in specialised texts |
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150 | (2) |
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Text cohesion and cohesive ties |
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152 | (5) |
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157 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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157 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Syntax, Morphology And Lexicology |
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160 | (28) |
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161 | (1) |
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The study of language at the sentence level |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (5) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (2) |
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Morphology and lexicology |
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166 | (5) |
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What do you know about our words? |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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The function of words in sentences |
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171 | (1) |
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Semantic features or properties of words |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (12) |
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History of the English language |
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172 | (6) |
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The nature of English spelling |
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178 | (2) |
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Factors influencing English spelling |
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180 | (4) |
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184 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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185 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Phonology And The Relationship Between Letters And Sounds |
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188 | (20) |
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189 | (9) |
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Why study phonology and letter-sound knowledge? |
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198 | |
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Phonetics, phonology and phonological awareness |
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191 | (1) |
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How are speech sounds produced? |
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192 | (10) |
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Definitions of some common terms |
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193 | (1) |
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Different types of sounds |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (1) |
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Paralinguistic and kinesic features |
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198 | (4) |
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202 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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203 | (5) |
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Chapter 8 Differences Between Speech And Writing |
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208 | (13) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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Possible difficulties with the written language |
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213 | (4) |
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Interrupting constructions |
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214 | (1) |
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Long subject-noun phrases |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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`Advanced' relative clauses |
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215 | (1) |
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Non-finite and verbless clauses |
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215 | (1) |
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Elliptical constructions [ ellipses] |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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Rule 1 Use familiar vocabulary |
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217 | (1) |
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Rule 2 Use short sentences |
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217 | (1) |
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Rule 3 Keep subordination to a minimum |
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217 | (1) |
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Writing instructions and examination questions |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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219 | (2) |
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PART 3 LANGUAGE AND LEARNING |
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221 | (97) |
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Chapter 9 Learning Language |
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223 | (36) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Problems with language development research |
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225 | (24) |
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225 | (5) |
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Results of language learning research since Chomsky |
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230 | (1) |
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The beginnings of language as interaction |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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The first sentences: a grammatical approach |
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234 | (2) |
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The first sentences: meaning and function |
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236 | (3) |
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Development by stages: some problems |
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239 | (5) |
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Later changes in children's language |
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244 | (5) |
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249 | (1) |
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Processes of language learning |
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249 | (2) |
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Language learning as social interaction |
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251 | (4) |
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Neurobiological perspective |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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255 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Learning An Additional Language |
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259 | (18) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (3) |
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Defining our terms: additional language learning |
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263 | (1) |
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Factors that influence additional language learning |
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264 | (9) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Additional language learning strategies |
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267 | (1) |
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What do additional language learners have to learn? |
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268 | (1) |
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Teaching and learning in the classroom |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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274 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Learning Literacy |
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277 | (23) |
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278 | (1) |
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What do we mean by literacy? |
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278 | (2) |
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Critical education, critical literacy |
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280 | (3) |
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Literacy: what is to be learned? |
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283 | (5) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (3) |
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Learning the writing system |
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288 | (3) |
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291 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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Implications for teaching |
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295 | (5) |
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Chapter 12 Learning And Language: A Summary |
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300 | (18) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (6) |
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How does language facilitate learning? |
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307 | (3) |
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Language learning in the classroom |
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310 | (3) |
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313 | (5) |
Appendix 1 Australian English Phonemes |
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318 | (1) |
Appendix 2 Classification Of English Consonants |
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319 | (1) |
Glossary Of Language Terms |
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320 | (7) |
References |
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327 | (18) |
Index |
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345 | |