Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

El. knyga: Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Imaging: An Introduction

, (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain)

DRM apribojimai

  • Kopijuoti:

    neleidžiama

  • Spausdinti:

    neleidžiama

  • El. knygos naudojimas:

    Skaitmeninių teisių valdymas (DRM)
    Leidykla pateikė šią knygą šifruota forma, o tai reiškia, kad norint ją atrakinti ir perskaityti reikia įdiegti nemokamą programinę įrangą. Norint skaityti šią el. knygą, turite susikurti Adobe ID . Daugiau informacijos  čia. El. knygą galima atsisiųsti į 6 įrenginius (vienas vartotojas su tuo pačiu Adobe ID).

    Reikalinga programinė įranga
    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą mobiliajame įrenginyje (telefone ar planšetiniame kompiuteryje), turite įdiegti šią nemokamą programėlę: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą asmeniniame arba „Mac“ kompiuteryje, Jums reikalinga  Adobe Digital Editions “ (tai nemokama programa, specialiai sukurta el. knygoms. Tai nėra tas pats, kas „Adobe Reader“, kurią tikriausiai jau turite savo kompiuteryje.)

    Negalite skaityti šios el. knygos naudodami „Amazon Kindle“.

"a very valuable book for graduate students and researchers in the field of Laser Spectroscopy, which I can fully recommend" Wolfgang Demtröder, Kaiserslautern University of Technology

How would it be possible to provide a coherent picture of this field given all the techniques available today? The authors have taken on this daunting task in this impressive, groundbreaking text. Readers will benefit from the broad overview of basic concepts, focusing on practical scientific and real-life applications of laser spectroscopic analysis and imaging. Chapters follow a consistent structure, beginning with a succinct summary of key principles and concepts, followed by an overview of applications, advantages and pitfalls, and finally a brief discussion of seminal advances and current developments. The examples used in this text span physics and chemistry to environmental science, biology, and medicine.











Focuses on practical use in the laboratory and real-world applications





Covers the basic concepts, common experimental setups





Highlights advantages and caveats of the techniques





Concludes each chapter with a snapshot of cutting-edge advances

This book is appropriate for anyone in the physical sciences, biology, or medicine looking for an introduction to laser spectroscopic and imaging methodologies.

Helmut H. Telle is a full professor at the Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.

Įngel Gonzįlez Ureńa is head of the Department of Molecular Beams and Lasers, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.

Recenzijos

"the book covers all established and many new techniques of laser spectroscopy. well organized including an introduction to each chapter, a summary and insights into the cutting edges of the different subjects. This is certainly a very valuable book for graduate students and researchers in the field of Laser Spectroscopy, which I can fully recommend. I know both authors as leading scientists." Wolfgang Demtröder, Kaiserslautern University of Technology

"Telle and Ureńas beautifully produced book gives an impressive and accessible coverage of the field. It will be an invaluable resource." Prof. David L. Andrews, University of East Anglia

Series Preface xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Authors xxvii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(8)
1.1 Lasers And Their Impact On Spectroscopy And Imaging
2(2)
1.1.1 Laser properties of importance to spectroscopy
3(1)
1.1.2 Concepts of laser spectroscopy and imaging
4(1)
1.2 Organization Of The Book
4(5)
1.2.1 Introduction to photon-matter interaction processes, laser sources, and detection methodologies
4(1)
1.2.2 Spectroscopic techniques and their applications
5(2)
1.2.3 Laser-spectroscopic imaging
7(2)
Chapter 2 Interaction of Light with Matter 9(20)
2.1 Absorption And Emission Of Radiation
9(5)
2.1.1 Einstein coefficients and transition probabilities
10(2)
2.1.2 Quantitative description of light absorption-The Beer-Lambert law
12(2)
2.2 Fluorescence And Phosphorescence
14(2)
2.3 Light Scattering
16(6)
2.3.1 Rayleigh scattering
16(2)
2.3.2 Mie scattering
18(2)
2.3.3 Reflection and refraction
20(2)
2.4 Light Scattering: Inelastic Processes
22(3)
2.4.1 Brillouin scattering
22(1)
2.4.2 Raman scattering
23(2)
2.5 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
25(4)
2.5.1 Breakthrough: Color in prehistoric times
26(1)
2.5.2 At the cutting edge: Single-photon spectroscopy of a single molecule
26(3)
Chapter 3 The Basics of Lasers 29(40)
3.1 Framework For Laser Action
30(8)
3.1.1 Rate equations
30(2)
3.1.2 Population inversion in the steady-state limit
32(1)
3.1.3 Laser cavities
33(1)
3.1.4 Laser gain
34(1)
3.1.5 Cavity dynamics and the evolution of laser photons
35(3)
3.2 Laser Cavities: Spatial Field Distributions And Laser Beams
38(5)
3.2.1 Transverse mode structure
38(2)
3.2.2 Gaussian beams and their propagation
40(3)
3.3 Laser Cavities: Mode Frequencies, Line Shapes, And Spectra
43(7)
3.3.1 Frequency mode structure
43(2)
3.3.2 Line profiles and widths
45(2)
3.3.3 Laser linewidth, gain bandwidth, and laser spectrum
47(2)
3.3.4 Single-mode laser operation
49(1)
3.4 Laser Cavities: Temporal Characteristics
50(11)
3.4.1 CW operation and laser output modulation
50(2)
3.4.2 Pulsed laser operation
52(3)
3.4.3 Mode locking: Generation of ultrashort picosecond and femtosecond pulses
55(5)
3.4.4 Group delay dispersion: Shortening and lengthening ultrashort (chirped) pulses
60(1)
3.5 Polarization And Coherence Properties Of Lasers And Laser Beams
61(5)
3.5.1 Laser polarization
61(1)
3.5.2 Tailoring the polarization of a laser beam: Linear, circular, and radial polarization
62(2)
3.5.3 Coherence
64(2)
3.6 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
66(3)
3.6.1 Breakthrough: Theoretical description of modes in a laser cavity
66(1)
3.6.2 At the cutting edge: Steady-state ab initio laser theory for complex gain media
66(3)
Chapter 4 Laser Sources Based on Gaseous, Liquid, or Solid-State Active Media 69(30)
4.1 Parameters Of Importance For Laser Spectroscopy And Laser Imaging
70(2)
4.2 Gas Laser Sources (Mostly Fixed Frequency)
72(2)
4.3 Dye Lasers (Tunable Frequency)
74(4)
4.4 Solid-State Laser Sources (Fixed And Tunable Frequency)
78(6)
4.4.1 Nd:YAG lasers
78(2)
4.4.2 Ti:sapphire lasers
80(4)
4.5 Fiber Laser Sources
84(11)
4.5.1 Wavelength selection and tunability
87(3)
4.5.2 Q-Switched and mode-locked pulse generation
90(2)
4.5.3 Supercontinuum sources
92(2)
4.5.4 Fiber lasers versus bulk solid-state lasers
94(1)
4.6 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
95(4)
4.6.1 Breakthrough: Ti:sapphire lasers
95(1)
4.6.2 At the cutting edge: OFCs for high-resolution spectroscopy
96(3)
Chapter 5 Laser Sources Based on Semiconductor Media and Nonlinear Optic Phenomena 99(30)
5.1 Semiconductor Laser Sources
100(10)
5.1.1 Principles of laser diodes
101(1)
5.1.2 Laser diode resonators
102(2)
5.1.3 Monolithic diode laser devices
104(2)
5.1.4 External cavity diode lasers (ECDL)
106(2)
5.1.5 Optically pumped ECDLs
108(2)
5.2 Quantum Cascade Lasers
110(3)
5.3 Laser Sources Based On NLO: Sum And Difference Frequency Conversion
113(4)
5.3.1 Basic principles of frequency conversion in nonlinear media
113(1)
5.3.2 Phase matching
114(1)
5.3.3 Selected nonlinear crystals and their common uses
115(1)
5.3.4 Conversion efficiency and ways to increase it
116(1)
5.3.5 Outside- and inside-cavity NLO-crystal configurations
117(1)
5.4 Laser Sources Based On NLO: Optical Parametric Amplification (Down-Conversion)
117(4)
5.4.1 OPG and OPOs
118(3)
5.5 Remarks On Laser Safety
121(5)
5.5.1 How do laser wavelengths affect our eyes?
121(1)
5.5.2 Maximum permissible exposure and accessible emission limit
122(2)
5.5.3 Laser classification
124(1)
5.5.4 Laser safety eyewear
124(2)
5.6 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
126(3)
5.6.1 Breakthrough: Semiconductor laser diodes
126(1)
5.6.2 Breakthrough: Widely tunable QCLs
127(1)
5.6.3 At the cutting edge: HHG and attosecond pulses
127(2)
Chapter 6 Common Spectroscopic and Imaging Detection Techniques 129(34)
6.1 Spectral And Image Information: How To Recover Them From Experimental Data
129(7)
6.1.1 Spectral information and its retrieval from photon events
130(3)
6.1.2 Image information and its retrieval from photon events
133(1)
6.1.3 Spectral/image information and its retrieval from charged-particle events
134(2)
6.2 Photon Detection: Single Element Devices
136(7)
6.2.1 PDs and their principal modes of operation
136(1)
6.2.2 Types of PDs
137(3)
6.2.3 Important operating parameters of PDs
140(1)
6.2.4 Photomultiplier tubes
141(1)
6.2.5 Important operating parameters of photomultipliers
142(1)
6.3 Photon Detection: Multielement Array Devices
143(6)
6.3.1 PDA sensors
144(1)
6.3.2 CCD and CMOS array sensors
144(3)
6.3.3 On-chip amplified image sensors: EMCCD and e-APD devices
147(1)
6.3.4 Externally amplified and gated image sensors: ICCD devices
148(1)
6.4 Charged Particle Detection
149(2)
6.4.1 Direct charge detectors- Faraday cup
150(1)
6.4.2 Single-element amplifying detectors-Channeltron
150(1)
6.4.3 Multiple-element amplifying detectors-MCP
150(1)
6.5 Detection By Indirect Phenomena
151(3)
6.5.1 Photothermal/photoacoustic spectroscopy
152(1)
6.5.2 Photoacoustic imaging
153(1)
6.5.3 Photoacoustic Raman (stimulated Raman) scattering
154(1)
6.6 Signals, Noise, And Signal Recovery Methodologies
154(5)
6.6.1 Signals and noise
154(3)
6.6.2 Low-intensity "continuous" signals-Lock-in methods
157(1)
6.6.3 Low-intensity pulsed signals-Gating methods
158(1)
6.7 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
159(4)
6.7.1 Breakthrough: First transistorized lock-in amplifier
160(1)
6.7.2 Breakthrough: First demonstration of CCD imaging
160(1)
6.7.3 At the cutting edge: Nanoscale light detectors and imaging devices
160(3)
Chapter 7 Absorption Spectroscopy and Its Implementation 163(30)
7.1 Concepts Of Linear Absorption Spectroscopy
163(1)
7.1.1 Absorption coefficient and cross section
163(1)
7.1.2 Spectral line profiles
164(1)
7.2 Line Broadening And Line Shapes In Absorption Spectroscopy
164(6)
7.2.1 Natural broadening
165(1)
7.2.2 Collisional or pressure broadening
165(2)
7.2.3 Doppler broadening
167(1)
7.2.4 Combined line profiles- The Voigt convolution profile
168(1)
7.2.5 Other effects impacting on linewidth
169(1)
7.3 Nonlinear Absorption Spectroscopy
170(8)
7.3.1 Saturation spectroscopy
171(6)
7.3.2 Polarization spectroscopy
177(1)
7.4 Multiphoton Absorption Processes
178(5)
7.4.1 Two-photon absorption spectroscopy
178(1)
7.4.2 Doppler-free TPA
179(1)
7.4.3 Multiphoton absorption and molecular dissociation
180(3)
7.5 Key Parameters And Experimental Methodologies In Absorption Spectroscopy
183(8)
7.5.1 Wavelength regimes
183(2)
7.5.2 Spectral resolving power
185(1)
7.5.3 Experimental methodologies
185(6)
7.6 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
191(2)
7.6.1 Breakthrough: Absorption spectroscopy utilizing SC sources
191(1)
7.6.2 At the cutting edge: Precision laser spectroscopy of hydrogen: Challenging QED?
191(2)
Chapter 8 Selected Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy 193(36)
8.1 Basic Methodologies Based On Broadband Sources
194(3)
8.1.1 BB-AS utilizing SC sources
195(1)
8.1.2 Minimum detectable concentrations and LODs
196(1)
8.2 Absorption Spectroscopy Using Frequency Combs
197(8)
8.2.1 Basic concepts of frequency combs
198(1)
8.2.2 Measuring and controlling frequency-comb parameters
199(1)
8.2.3 Spectroscopic metrology based on frequency combs
200(1)
8.2.4 Direct frequency comb spectroscopy-DFCS
201(4)
8.3 Absorption Spectroscopy Using Tunable Diode And Quantum- Cascade Laser (QCL) Sources
205(8)
8.3.1 Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
206(4)
8.3.2 QCL in absorption spectroscopy
210(1)
8.3.3 cw-QCL absorption spectroscopy
210(1)
8.3.4 EC-QCL absorption spectroscopy
211(1)
8.3.5 p-QCL absorption spectroscopy
212(1)
8.4 Cavity-Enhancement Techniques
213(3)
8.4.1 Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy
213(1)
8.4.2 Cavity ring-down spectroscopy
214(2)
8.5 Terahertz Spectroscopy
216(6)
8.5.1 Basic features and experimental methodologies
216(3)
8.5.2 Applications of terahertz spectroscopy in molecular structure and chemical analysis
219(1)
8.5.3 Applications of terahertz spectroscopy in biology and medicine
220(2)
8.6 Photoacoustic And Photothermal Spectroscopy With Lasers
222(3)
8.6.1 Quartz-enhanced PAS
224(1)
8.7 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
225(4)
8.7.1 Breakthrough: Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy utilizing SC sources
225(1)
8.7.2 At the cutting edge: CRDS of optically trapped aerosol particles
226(3)
Chapter 9 Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Its Implementation 229(18)
9.1 Fundamental Aspects Of Fluorescence Emission
230(3)
9.1.1 The concept of fluorophores
230(1)
9.1.2 Principal processes in excited- state fluorescence
231(2)
9.2 Structure Of Fluorescence Spectra
233(1)
9.3 Radiative Lifetimes And Quantum Yields
234(3)
9.4 Quenching, Transfer, And Delay Of Fluorescence
237(3)
9.4.1 Fluorescence quenching and the Stern-Volmer law
237(1)
9.4.2 Forster resonance energy transfer
238(2)
9.4.3 Delayed fluorescence
240(1)
9.5 Fluorescence Polarization And Anisotropy
240(2)
9.6 Single-Molecule Fluorescence
242(2)
9.7 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
244(3)
9.7.1 Breakthrough: Coining the term "fluorescence"
244(1)
9.7.2 Breakthroughs: First LIF spectroscopy
244(1)
9.7.3 At the cutting edge: Laser-stimulated fluorescence on the macroscopic level-Fluorescing fossils
245(2)
Chapter 10 Selected Applications of Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy 247(20)
10.1 LIF Measurement Instrumentation In Spectrofluorimetry
247(2)
10.2 Steady-State Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy
249(6)
10.2.1 LIF in gas-phase molecular spectroscopy
250(1)
10.2.2 LIF applied to reaction dynamics
250(3)
10.2.3 LIF in analytical chemistry
253(1)
10.2.4 LIF for medical diagnosis
254(1)
10.3 Time-Resolved Lif Spectroscopy
255(5)
10.3.1 Measurements of lifetimes in the FD
256(1)
10.3.2 Measurements of lifetimes in the time domain: TCSPC
257(2)
10.3.3 LIF applied to femtosecond transition-state spectroscopy
259(1)
10.4 LIF Spectroscopy At The Small Scale
260(4)
10.4.1 LIF microscopy
261(1)
10.4.2 Fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy
262(2)
10.5 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
264(3)
10.5.1 Breakthrough: First LIF measurements to resolve the internal state distribution of reaction products
264(1)
10.5.2 At the cutting edge: FRET measurements of gaseous ionized proteins
265(2)
Chapter 11 Raman Spectroscopy and Its Implementation 267(28)
11.1 Fundamentals Of The Raman Process: Excitation And Detection
268(3)
11.2 The Structure Of Raman Spectra
271(6)
11.2.1 Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering
273(1)
11.2.2 "Pure" rotational Raman spectra
273(1)
11.2.3 Ro-vibrational Raman bands
274(1)
11.2.4 Hot bands, overtones, and combination bands
275(1)
11.2.5 Peculiarities in the Raman spectra from liquids and solid samples
276(1)
11.2.6 Polarization effects in Raman spectra
277(1)
11.3 Basic Experimental Implementations: Key Issues On Excitation And Detection
277(6)
11.3.1 Laser excitation sources
278(1)
11.3.2 Delivery of excitation laser light
279(1)
11.3.3 Samples and their incorporation into the overall setup
280(1)
11.3.4 Raman light collection
280(1)
11.3.5 Wavelength separation/selection devices
281(1)
11.3.6 Photon detectors
282(1)
11.3.7 Signal acquisition and data analysis equipment
283(1)
11.4 Raman Spectroscopy And Its Variants
283(5)
11.4.1 Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy variants
283(1)
11.4.2 "Enhanced" Raman techniques
284(2)
11.4.3 Nonlinear Raman techniques
286(2)
11.5 Advantages And Drawbacks, And Comparison To Other "Vibrational" Analysis Techniques
288(4)
11.5.1 The problem of fluorescence
289(1)
11.5.2 Advantages and drawbacks of Raman spectroscopy, and comparison to (IR) absorption spectroscopy
290(2)
11.6 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
292(3)
11.6.1 Breakthrough: UV Raman spectroscopy
292(1)
11.6.2 At the cutting edge: Atomic properties probed by Raman spectroscopy
293(2)
Chapter 12 Linear Raman Spectroscopy 295(38)
12.1 The Framework For Qualitative And Quantitative Raman Spectroscopy
297(7)
12.1.1 Determining and calibrating the Raman excitation laser wavelength
298(1)
12.1.2 Calibrating the spectrometer wavelength and Raman shift scales
299(1)
12.1.3 Intensity calibration for quantitative Raman spectra
300(3)
12.1.4 Quantification of molecular constituents in a sample
303(1)
12.2 Measuring Molecular Properties Using Linear Raman Spectroscopy
304(10)
12.2.1 Raman scattering of polarized light waves
305(2)
12.2.2 Depolarization ratios
307(3)
12.2.3 Measuring depolarization ratio
310(2)
12.2.4 Raman optical activity
312(2)
12.3 Raman Spectroscopy Of Gaseous Samples
314(6)
12.3.1 Spectroscopy of rotational and vibrational features
315(2)
12.3.2 Analytical Raman spectroscopy and process monitoring
317(1)
12.3.3 Remote sensing using Raman spectroscopy-The Raman LIDAR
318(2)
12.4 Raman Spectroscopy Of Liquid Samples
320(6)
12.4.1 Spectroscopic aspects of Raman spectroscopy in liquids
321(1)
12.4.2 Analytical aspects of Raman spectroscopy in liquids
322(2)
12.4.3 "Super-resolution" Raman spectroscopy
324(2)
12.5 Raman Spectroscopy Of Solid Samples
326(4)
12.5.1 Spectroscopic and structural information for "ordered" materials
327(1)
12.5.2 Analytical and diagnostic applications for "soft tissue" samples
328(2)
12.6 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
330(3)
12.6.1 Breakthrough: Raman spectroscopy in the terahertz range
330(1)
12.6.2 At the cutting edge: Raman spectroscopy in the search for life on Mars
331(2)
Chapter 13 Enhancement Techniques in Raman Spectroscopy 333(32)
13.1 Waveguide-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
334(13)
13.1.1 Raman spectroscopy using liquid-core waveguides (LC-OF)
336(3)
13.1.2 Hollow-core metal-lined waveguides
339(3)
13.1.3 Hollow-core photonic-crystal fibers
342(3)
13.1.4 Measures to reduce fluorescence contributions in backward Raman setups
345(2)
13.2 Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
347(5)
13.3 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
352(9)
13.3.1 Basic concepts of resonance Raman scattering
352(3)
13.3.2 Applications of RRS to probing of excited electronic state quantum levels
355(2)
13.3.3 Applications of RRS to obtain structural information for large molecules
357(1)
13.3.4 Applications of RRS to analytical problems
358(3)
13.4 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
361(4)
13.4.1 Breakthrough: First RRS of heme-proteins
361(1)
13.4.2 At the cutting edge: Low-concentration gas sensors based on HC-PCFs
362(3)
Chapter 14 Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy 365(40)
14.1 Basic Concepts And Classification Of Nonlinear Raman Responses
367(2)
14.1.1 Incoherent vs. coherent signal character
367(1)
14.1.2 Spontaneous vs. stimulated scattering processes
368(1)
14.1.3 Homodyne vs. heterodyne detection
369(1)
14.2 Nonlinear Interaction With Surfaces: SERS
369(8)
14.2.1 Trying to understand SERS spectra
370(2)
14.2.2 Single spherical nanoparticle model for SERS
372(1)
14.2.3 E4-enhancement in the Raman response
373(1)
14.2.4 Wavelength dependence of the E4-enhancement
374(1)
14.2.5 Distance dependence of the E4-enhancement
374(1)
14.2.6 Chemical enhancement in the Raman response
375(1)
14.2.7 SERS substrates
376(1)
14.3 Variants Of Sers-Toward Ultralow Concentration And Ultrahigh Spatial Resolution RS
377(7)
14.3.1 Preconcentration of ultralow concentration samples-SLIPSERS
377(2)
14.3.2 Single-molecule SERS
379(3)
14.3.3 Principles of tip-enhanced RS
382(2)
14.4 Hyper-Raman Spectroscopy: HRS
384(2)
14.5 Stimulated Raman Scattering And Spectroscopy: SRS
386(5)
14.5.1 SRS using tunable probe laser sources
387(1)
14.5.2 SRS using ps- and fs-laser sources (fs-SRS)
388(3)
14.6 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering And Spectroscopy: Cars
391(10)
14.6.1 Basic framework for CARS
393(3)
14.6.2 Tuned single-mode and ns-pulse CARS
396(2)
14.6.3 Broadband fs-pulse CARS and time-resolved CARS
398(3)
14.6.4 Spontaneous, stimulated, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopies in comparison
401(1)
14.7 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
401(4)
14.7.1 Breakthrough: SERS using silver films over nanospheres (AgFON)
401(2)
14.7.2 Breakthrough: Toward "pen-on-paper" SERS substrates
403(1)
14.7.3 At the cutting edge: Seeing a single molecule vibrate utilizing tr-CARS
403(2)
Chapter 15 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 405(22)
15.1 Method Of LIBS
405(8)
15.1.1 Basic concepts: Plasma generation and characterization
406(4)
15.1.2 Basic experimental setups and ranging approaches
410(1)
15.1.3 Double-pulse excitation
410(1)
15.1.4 Portable, remote, and standoff LIBS
411(2)
15.1.5 Femtosecond LIBS
413(1)
15.2 Qualitative And Quantitative LIBS Analyses
413(4)
15.3 Selected Libs Applications
417(8)
15.3.1 Application of LIBS to liquids and samples submerged in liquids
417(3)
15.3.2 Detection of hazardous substances by ST-LIBS
420(1)
15.3.3 Space applications
421(2)
15.3.4 Industrial applications
423(2)
15.4 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
425(2)
15.4.1 Breakthrough: Quantitative LIBS analysis using nanosecond- and femtosecond-pulse lasers
425(1)
15.4.2 At the cutting edge: Elemental chemical mapping of biological samples using LIBS
426(1)
Chapter 16 Laser Ionization Techniques 427(42)
16.1 Basic Concepts Of REMPI
427(9)
16.1.1 Quantitative description of REMPI in the framework of rate equations
429(1)
16.1.2 REMPI signal intensity
430(3)
16.1.3 Selection rules for the ionization step in REMPI
433(2)
16.1.4 Conceptual experimental REMPI setups
435(1)
16.2 Applications Of Rempi In Molecular Spectroscopy And To Chemical Interaction Processes
436(10)
16.2.1 Molecular spectroscopy utilizing REMPI
436(4)
16.2.2 Investigation of chemical reactions utilizing REMPI
440(4)
16.2.3 Photodissociation studies utilizing REMPI
444(1)
16.2.4 REMPI spectroscopy of catalytic reactions
445(1)
16.3 REMPI And Analytical Chemistry
446(6)
16.3.1 REMPI spectroscopy with isotopologue and isomeric selectivity
447(1)
16.3.2 REMPI spectroscopy in trace and environmental analyses
448(2)
16.3.3 Following biological processes by using REMPI spectroscopy
450(2)
16.4 Zeke Spectroscopy
452(10)
16.4.1 Methodology of ZEKE spectroscopy
453(1)
16.4.2 Measurement modality of pulsed-field ionization: PFI-ZEKE
454(2)
16.4.3 Examples of high-resolution ZEKE spectroscopy
456(4)
16.4.4 MATI spectroscopy
460(2)
16.5 Technique Of H Atom Rydberg Tagging
462(3)
16.5.1 Reaction H + D2 HD + D
463(1)
16.5.2 Reaction of F atoms with H2 molecules: Dynamical resonances
464(1)
16.5.3 Four-atom reaction OH + D2 HOD + D
464(1)
16.6 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
465(4)
16.6.1 Breakthrough: First state-resolved REMPI spectrum of a molecule
465(1)
16.6.2 At the cutting edge: Ultrahigh sensitivity PAH analysis using GC-APLI-MS
466(3)
Chapter 17 Basic Concepts of Laser Imaging 469(30)
17.1 Concepts Of Imaging With Laser Light
470(8)
17.1.1 Laser illumination concepts: Point, line, and sheet patterns in transparent gas and liquid samples
471(1)
17.1.2 Laser illumination concepts: Point, line, and sheet patterns in condensed-phase samples
472(1)
17.1.3 Image sensing and recording concepts
473(3)
17.1.4 Multispectral and hyperspectral recording
476(2)
17.2 Image Generation, Image Sampling, And Image Reconstruction
478(9)
17.2.1 Sampling and its relation to signal digitization
479(1)
17.2.2 Sampling and its relation to spatial resolution
480(4)
17.2.3 Sampling and its relation to spectral resolution
484(1)
17.2.4 Image reconstruction
485(2)
17.3 Superresolution Imaging
487(8)
17.3.1 Sub-Abbe limit localization and "classical" superresolution strategies
488(2)
17.3.2 Imaging and reconstruction strategies for structured illumination methods
490(2)
17.3.3 Imaging and reconstruction strategies for local-saturation methods
492(1)
17.3.4 Imaging and reconstruction strategies for single-molecule response methods
493(2)
17.4 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
495(4)
17.4.1 Breakthrough: Airy-scan detection in confocal laser microscopy
495(1)
17.4.2 At the cutting edge: Single-pixel detector multispectral imaging
496(3)
Chapter 18 Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging 499(30)
18.1 Two- And Three-Dimensional Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging
500(8)
18.1.1 PLIF ilmaging in gaseous samples
500(2)
18.1.2 Selected examples for PLIF of gaseous samples
502(4)
18.1.3 PLIF imaging of biological tissues
506(2)
18.2 Fluorescence Molecular Tomography
508(3)
18.2.1 Basic concepts
508(1)
18.2.2 Examples of FMT
509(2)
18.3 Superresolution Microscopy
511(7)
18.3.1 STED microscopy
513(2)
18.3.2 RESOLFT microscopy
515(1)
18.3.3 SIM and SSIM
516(2)
18.4 Superresolution Fluorescence Microscopy Based On Single-Molecule Imaging
518(7)
18.4.1 Basic principles of STORM/PALM
520(1)
18.4.2 Fluorophore localization
521(2)
18.4.3 Factors affecting the resolution in STORM/PALM imaging
523(1)
18.4.4 Toward 3D superresolution imaging: Interferometric PALM
524(1)
18.5 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
525(4)
18.5.1 Breakthrough: GFP as a marker for gene expression
525(1)
18.5.2 At the cutting edge: Nanometer resolution imaging
526(3)
Chapter 19 Raman Imaging and Microscopy 529(34)
19.1 Raman Microscopic Imaging
529(11)
19.1.1 Concepts of Raman imaging and microscopy
530(1)
19.1.2 Confocal Raman imaging
531(2)
19.1.3 Hyperspectral Raman imaging in two dimensions and three dimensions
533(4)
19.1.4 Examples of Raman imaging in biology and medicine
537(2)
19.1.5 Nonbiological applications of Raman imaging
539(1)
19.2 Surface- And Tip-Enhanced (Sers And Ters) Raman Imaging
540(8)
19.2.1 Biomedical imaging based on SERS
540(3)
19.2.2 Raman imaging at the nanoscale: TERS imaging
543(5)
19.3 SRL (Stimulated Raman Loss) Imaging
548(6)
19.3.1 Concepts of SRL imaging
548(3)
19.3.2 Selected applications of SRL imaging
551(3)
19.4 Cars Imaging
554(6)
19.4.1 Concepts of CARS imaging
554(3)
19.4.2 Selected applications of CARS microscopic imaging
557(3)
19.5 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
560(3)
19.5.1 Breakthrough: Hyperspectral CARS imaging utilizing frequency combs
561(1)
19.5.2 At the cutting edge: Superresolution Raman microscopy
561(2)
Chapter 20 Diffuse Optical Imaging 563(34)
20.1 Basic Concepts
563(3)
20.1.1 Scattering and absorption in biological tissue
563(1)
20.1.2 What can we learn from diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy?
564(2)
20.1.3 Historical snapshots in the development of DOI
566(1)
20.2 Basic Implementation And Experimental Methodologies
566(8)
20.2.1 Key equipment components for DOI
567(4)
20.2.2 Experimental methodology 1: CW systems
571(1)
20.2.3 Experimental methodology 2: FD systems
572(1)
20.2.4 Experimental methodology 3: TD systems
573(1)
20.2.5 Comparison between the three experimental methods
574(1)
20.3 Modeling Of Diffuse Scattering And Image Reconstruction
574(7)
20.3.1 Modeling light transport through tissue
574(3)
20.3.2 The forward problem
577(1)
20.3.3 The reverse problem-Principles of image reconstruction
578(3)
20.4 Clinical Applications Of DOI And Spectroscopy
581(5)
20.4.1 DOT and spectroscopy of breast cancer
582(3)
20.4.2 Diffuse optical topography and tomography of the brain
585(1)
20.5 Nonclinical Applications Of DOI And Spectroscopy
586(4)
20.5.1 Single-point bulk measurements on fruits
587(1)
20.5.2 Multipoint measurements on fruits yielding 2D images
588(1)
20.5.3 MSI and HSI of fruits
589(1)
20.6 Brief Comparison With Other Medical Imaging Techniques
590(3)
20.7 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
593(4)
20.7.1 Breakthrough: DOI of brain activities
593(1)
20.7.2 At the cutting edge: Photoacoustic tomography-Toward DOI with high spatial resolution
594(3)
Chapter 21 Imaging Based on Absorption and Ion Detection Methods 597(42)
21.1 Imaging Exploiting Absorption Spectroscopy: From The Macro- To The Nanoscale
597(10)
21.1.1 Experimental implementation of imaging exploiting absorption spectroscopy
598(2)
21.1.2 IR/NIR chemical imaging
600(1)
21.1.3 Detecting "hidden" structures using terahertz imaging
601(3)
21.1.4 IR Imaging at the nanoscale
604(3)
21.2 Imaging Exploiting Absorption Spectroscopy: Selected Applications In Biology And Medicine
607(8)
21.2.1 Imaging based on FTIR methodologies
607(2)
21.2.2 Imaging based on terahertz methodologies
609(3)
21.2.3 Imaging based on photoacoustic methodologies
612(3)
21.3 Charged Particle Imaging: Basic Concepts And Implementation
615(11)
21.3.1 Basic concepts of unimolecular and bimolecular collisions
616(2)
21.3.2 Newton sphere
618(1)
21.3.3 Basic experimental setups
619(1)
21.3.4 Methods for improving the resolution in ion imaging
620(3)
21.3.5 Measuring time and position: Direct 3D ion imaging
623(2)
21.3.6 Product-pair correlation by ion imaging
625(1)
21.4 Charged Particle Imaging: Selected Examples For Ion And Electron Imaging
626(10)
21.4.1 Photodissociation with oriented molecules
626(2)
21.4.2 Imaging of the pair-correlated fragment channels in photodissociation
628(1)
21.4.3 Nonreactive scattering: Energy transfer in bimolecular collisions
629(2)
21.4.4 Reactive scattering: Bimolecular reactions
631(1)
21.4.5 Product-pair correlation in bimolecular reactions
632(2)
21.4.6 Imaging the motion of electrons across semiconductor heterojunctions
634(2)
21.5 Breakthroughs And The Cutting Edge
636(3)
21.5.1 Breakthrough: First ion imaging experiment
636(1)
21.5.2 At the cutting edge: PAM-toward label-free superresolution imaging
637(2)
Bibliography 639(54)
Index 693
Helmut H. Telle received his degrees in Physics from the University of Cologne, Germany, in 1972 (BSc), 1974 (MSc) and 1979 (PhD), respectively. He exploited his newly-gained experience in and passion for laser spectroscopy during an extensive postdoctoral research period, which found him expanding his horizons at universities and research institutions in Canada and France, at physics and chemistry departments. In 1984 he settled in Wales, United Kingdom, to embrace a career in teaching and research in laser physics at Swansea University. His research activities both at Swansea and within the framework of numerous international collaborations encompass a wide range of laser-spectroscopic techniques. These he used predominantly for trace detection of atomic and molecular species, and applied them to analytical problems in industry, biomedicine and the environment on the one hand, but also to various fundamental aspects in science on the other hand. After nearly 30 years in Wales, he relocated to Spain to join the Instituto Pluridisciplinar of Madrids Universidad Complutense. Here he pursues new frontiers in laser spectroscopy of exotic species of interest to astroparticle physics and astronomy.

Įngel Gonzįlez Ureńa graduated in chemistry from the University of Granada (Spain) in 1968, and then obtained his PhD in Physical Chemistry at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in 1972. During the period 1972-1974 he carried out postdoctoral research at the Universities of Madison (Wisconsin, USA) and Austin (Texas, USA), embracing reaction dynamics in molecular beams. On his return to Spain he took up the position of Associate Professor in Chemical Physics at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and was promoted to Full Professor in 1983. The focus of his research activities mainly was on gas-phase, cluster and surface reaction dynamics, mostly utilizing molecular beam and laser spectroscopic techniques. In said work he was one of the pioneers in measuring threshold energies in chemical reactivity when changing the translational and electronic energy of the reactants. In recent years his interests branched out into the application of laser technologies to Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Biology and Food Science. He is heading the Department of Molecular Beams and Lasers at the Instituto Pluridisciplinar, associated with Madrids Universidad Complutense; for the first ten years of the institutes existence he also was its first director.