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1 | (22) |
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1.1 Chronology of Main Events. Initial Phases of Research |
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1 | (8) |
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1.2 Methods of Excitation. Pumping Sources |
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9 | (5) |
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Nuclear Explosive Devices |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Laboratory Neutron Sources |
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11 | (3) |
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1.3 Problems in the Search for Laser Media |
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14 | (9) |
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15 | (8) |
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2 Organization of Experiments on Pulsed Reactors to Seek and Study Nuclear-Pumped Lasers |
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23 | (30) |
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2.1 Specifics of Experiments on Pulsed Reactors |
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23 | (5) |
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2.2 Problems of NPL Radiation Resistance |
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28 | (4) |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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2.3 Methods of First Experiments on VIR-2 and TIBR-1M (VNIIEF) Reactors |
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32 | (4) |
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2.4 Experimental Complex Based on the VIR-2M Reactor |
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36 | (3) |
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2.5 EBR-L Experimental Setup |
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39 | (3) |
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2.6 "Stand B" for Studying NPL Characteristics |
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42 | (1) |
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2.7 Experiments with the SPR and TRIGA Reactors |
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43 | (10) |
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48 | (5) |
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3 Investigations of Reactor-Pumped Gas NPLs |
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53 | (50) |
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3.1 IR Lasers Operating on Transitions of the Xe, Kr, and Ar Atoms |
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53 | (19) |
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53 | (10) |
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63 | (1) |
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Research Outside of Russia |
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64 | (4) |
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Efficiencies of NPLs Operating on Transitions of Xe, Kr, and Ar Atoms |
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68 | (1) |
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Influence of Temperature and Gas Impurities on Laser Characteristics |
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69 | (3) |
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3.2 Visible-Range Lasers Operating on Ne Atom Transitions |
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72 | (5) |
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77 | (4) |
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77 | (1) |
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Cadmium- and Zinc-Vapor Lasers |
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78 | (3) |
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3.4 Lasers Operating on Transitions of C, N, and Cl Atoms |
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81 | (2) |
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3.5 Lasers Operating on Transitions of Molecules CO, N2+, and CO2 |
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83 | (2) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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3.6 Excimer, Iodine, and Chemical Lasers |
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85 | (3) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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3.7 Lasers Excited by Fast Neutrons |
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88 | (15) |
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90 | (13) |
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4 Basic Parameters of Nuclear-Excited Plasma |
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103 | (40) |
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4.1 Initial Stage of Ionization Processes in Gas Media |
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103 | (11) |
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Dependence of Ionization Processes on the Type of Charged Particles |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (1) |
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Kinetics of Gas Ionization |
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106 | (8) |
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4.2 Formation of Ions and Excited Atoms at the Initial Ionization Stage |
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114 | (8) |
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4.3 Plasmochemical Processes |
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122 | (10) |
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Kinetics of Plasma Processes for a Single-Component Mixture |
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122 | (6) |
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Calculation of Plasma Parameters for Gas NPL Mixtures |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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4.4 Luminescence Characteristics |
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132 | (11) |
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Rare Gases and their Mixtures |
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132 | (2) |
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Mixtures of Rare Gases with Molecular Gases |
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134 | (1) |
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Mixtures of Rare Gases and Metal Vapors |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (7) |
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5 Lasing Mechanisms and Kinetic Models of NPLs |
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143 | (40) |
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143 | (1) |
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5.2 Mechanisms of Excitation of Laser Media. Ultimate Efficiency |
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143 | (5) |
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5.3 Family of Lasers Operating on IR Transitions of Rare Gas Atoms |
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148 | (14) |
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Populating of Upper Lasing Levels |
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149 | (5) |
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Formation of the Laser Radiation Spectrum |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (5) |
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5.4 Lasers Based on 3p-3s Transitions of the Ne Atom |
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162 | (4) |
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5.5 Lasers Based on Rare Gas Mixtures with Metal Vapors |
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166 | (5) |
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Laser Media Based on Cd and Zn Vapors |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (1) |
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5.6 Lasers Based on Transitions of C, N, O, and Cl Atoms |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (11) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Other Media using Molecule Transitions |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (10) |
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6 Nuclear-Pumped Laser Devices Based on Gas Media |
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183 | (26) |
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6.1 LM-4/BIGR Experimental Complex |
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183 | (6) |
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189 | (5) |
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6.3 Optical Nuclear Pumped Amplifier |
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194 | (3) |
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6.4 LIRA Laser-Reactor Setup |
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197 | (5) |
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6.5 Development of Laser Setups Based on Gas NPLs in the United States |
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202 | (7) |
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204 | (5) |
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7 Energy Deposition in Gas NPL Active Media |
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209 | (38) |
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7.1 Comparison of Basic Methods of NPL Excitation |
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209 | (4) |
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7.2 On Methods of Calculating the Energy Deposition of Fission Fragments |
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213 | (5) |
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7.3 Influence of Inhomogeneities of Uranium-Containing Layers on Energy Deposition |
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218 | (7) |
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Periodic Symmetrical Inhomogeneities |
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218 | (4) |
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Inhomogeneities in the Form of Craters |
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222 | (3) |
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7.4 Results of Experiments to Determine the Energy Deposition |
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225 | (11) |
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Experiments When the Excitation Duration is ≤0.4 ms |
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226 | (1) |
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Experiments with Excitation Durations ≥3 ms |
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227 | (9) |
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7.5 Optimization of the Energy Deposition |
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236 | (11) |
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243 | (4) |
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8 Optical Inhomogeneities in Sealed NPLs |
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247 | (48) |
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8.1 Inhomogeneities in Cylindrical Cells |
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247 | (18) |
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247 | (3) |
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Dynamics of Inhomogeneity Development in the Pulsed and Quasi-Stationary Excitation Modes |
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250 | (15) |
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8.2 Density Inhomogeneities for Planar Uranium Layers |
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265 | (8) |
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Calculations Based on the Approximation of Infinitely Extended Uranium Layers |
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265 | (1) |
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Calculation of Density Inhomogeneities For the Plane-Parallel Distribution of Uranium Layers with Finite Dimensions |
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266 | (7) |
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8.3 Possibilities for NPL Parameter Optimization |
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273 | (8) |
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Dynamics of Near-Wall Passive Zone Development |
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273 | (2) |
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Exponential Increase in Power Deposition |
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275 | (2) |
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Variations in Initial Gas Pressure |
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277 | (1) |
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Synchronous Cell Wall Heating |
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278 | (3) |
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8.4 Dynamics of NPL Cavity Stability Variations |
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281 | (14) |
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282 | (5) |
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287 | (4) |
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291 | (4) |
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9 Specific Features of NPLs with a Flowing Gas Medium |
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295 | (78) |
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9.1 Longitudinal Gas Flowing |
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295 | (2) |
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9.2 Effect of Turbulent Pulses on the Optical Quality of a Medium |
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297 | (9) |
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298 | (3) |
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Mixing and Temperature Fluctuations in an Inhomogeneously Heated Medium |
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301 | (1) |
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Turbulent Pulses in an Optically Active Medium |
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302 | (4) |
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9.3 Transverse Gas Flowing |
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306 | (67) |
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306 | (24) |
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Gas Flow Rate Effect on Output Power of Gas-Flowing Lasers |
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330 | (9) |
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Possibility of Passive Zone Elimination |
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339 | (10) |
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Calculations of Spatial Inhomogeneities in NPLs with Gas Circulation |
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349 | (10) |
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Radiation Intensity Distribution in Gas-Flowing Laser |
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359 | (4) |
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Permissible Gas Overheating and Cavity Stability |
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363 | (5) |
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368 | (5) |
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10 Design Concepts for Stationary Reactor Lasers |
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373 | (22) |
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10.1 Main Types of Stationary Reactor Lasers |
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373 | (3) |
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10.2 A Reactor Laser with Longitudinal Circulation of the Gas Medium (General Physics Institute [ IOFAN]-Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute [ MIFI]) |
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376 | (2) |
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10.3 Conceptual Designs for Reactor Lasers (VNIIEF) |
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378 | (3) |
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RLs with Transverse Gas Flow |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (2) |
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10.4 Thin-Film Uranium Fuel |
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381 | (3) |
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10.5 Shaping of Laser Radiation |
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384 | (5) |
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Schemes for the Convergence of Light Beams Using Linear Optical Methods |
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384 | (2) |
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Coherent Addition of the Radiation of RL Laser Channels |
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386 | (3) |
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10.6 Possible Uses for Reactor Lasers |
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389 | (6) |
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390 | (5) |
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11 Studies of Condensed-Media NPLs |
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395 | (28) |
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11.1 Condensed-Media Lasers with Direct Nuclear Pumping |
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396 | (7) |
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396 | (1) |
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Liquid Laser Media Based on Organometallic Compounds |
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397 | (2) |
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Inorganic Liquid Laser Media |
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399 | (2) |
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401 | (2) |
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11.2 Pumping of Condensed Laser Medium Using Nuclear-Optical Converters |
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403 | (8) |
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The Main Characteristics of a NOC |
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404 | (2) |
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The Application of NOCs for Laser Pumping |
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406 | (3) |
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Other Applications for NOCs |
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409 | (2) |
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11.3 Some Schemes for Nuclear Laser Devices Using Condensed Media |
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411 | (12) |
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Colloidal Nuclear Reactor → Optical Thermal Emission → Liquid Laser Medium |
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411 | (1) |
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Reactor with an Aerosol Core → Luminescent Radiation → Solid-State Laser Medium |
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411 | (2) |
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Reactor (Uranium Layers or Uranium Hexafluoride) → Optical Thermal Emission → Solid-State Laser Medium |
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413 | (2) |
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"Start-Up" Reactor → Subcritical Multiplicator Block with a Laser Medium |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (7) |
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12 Gas Lasers Excited by Radiation from Nuclear Explosions |
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423 | (10) |
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12.1 The First Experimental Studies |
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424 | (9) |
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425 | (2) |
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427 | (4) |
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431 | (2) |
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13 Comments About Nuclear-Pumped Laser Research in the United States |
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433 | (19) |
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433 | (3) |
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13.2 Comments About NPL Research in the United States |
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436 | (16) |
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437 | (4) |
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Theoretical Studies in Support of U.S. NPL Research |
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441 | (7) |
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448 | (1) |
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Experimental Research During the 1980s |
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448 | (2) |
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450 | (1) |
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450 | (2) |
| References |
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452 | |
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