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Law of Non-International Armed Conflict [Kietas viršelis]

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(Lecturer, School of Law, University of Nottingham)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 694 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 235x163x43 mm, weight: 1184 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Aug-2012
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199239797
  • ISBN-13: 9780199239795
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Law of Non-International Armed ConflictDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 694 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 235x163x43 mm, weight: 1184 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Aug-2012
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199239797
  • ISBN-13: 9780199239795
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780199239795.html
Raktažodžiai:
This book brings together and critically analyses the disparate conventional, customary, and soft law relating to non-international armed conflict. All the relevant bodies of international law are considered, including international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and international human rights law. The book traces the changes to the legal framework applicable to non-international armed conflict from ad hoc regulation in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, to systematic regulation through the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocols, to the transformation of the law in the mid-1990s. Armed conflicts ranging from the US civil war, the Algerian War of Independence, and the attempted secession of Biafra, through to the current conflicts in the Colombia, Philippines, and Sudan are all considered.

The identification and analysis of the law is complemented by a consideration of the practice, allowing both violations of, and respect for, the law, to be ascertained. Given that non-international armed conflicts are fought between states and non-state armed groups, or between armed groups, particular attention is paid to the oft-neglected views of armed groups. This is done through an analysis of hundreds of statements, unilateral declarations, internal regulations, and bilateral agreements issued by armed groups. Equivalent material emanating from states parties to conflicts is also considered. The book is thus an essential reference point for the law and practice of non-international armed conflicts.

Recenzijos

[ Professor Sandesh Sivakumaran] examines the genesis of this novel, interdisciplinary body of law and the way ahead, thereby contributing with a major piece of work in a field . . . that greatly needed further research. * Roberta Arnold, Israel Law Review * This invaluable work is accordingly of great interest for those - jurists or otherwise - seeking a structured and clear overview and in-depth, yet concise, development on the rules and challenges of the law of non-international armed conflicts. In addition to being an enjoyable read, the book equally provides, for international humanitarian law scholars and practitioners - even the most eminent amongst them - an undeniably original and reliable perspective on this topic. * Camille Marquis Bissonnette, Journal of International Criminal Justice * The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict is an essential contribution to an area much in need of clarification. In addition to offering a comprehensive elaboration of the current law in this area, it also explores the more foundational questions that will be of interest to any general international lawyer, such as the methodology of customary law formation and the varied sources of the relevant norms. It is to be hoped that Professor Sivakumarans proposal of a new instrument to bind non-state armed groups can be taken forward, with a view to achieving greater compliance with the law in situations that all too often witness the most violent fratricidal clashes. * Lawrence Hill-Cawthorne, Australian Year Book of International Law * This book is an almost exhaustive treatment and will probably be cited as leading the doctrine in the topic of non-international armed conflicts and armed non-state actors. * Konstantinos Mastorodimos, NILR * ...the book of our time on the law of non-international armed conflict. * Claus Kreß, British Yearbook of International Law *

Daugiau informacijos

Winner of Winner of the Francis Lieber Prize 2013 from the American Society of International Law and the 2012 International Committee of the Red Cross Paul Reuter Prize.
Table of Cases
xix
Table of Instruments
xxvi
List of Abbreviations
xxxiv
List of Acronyms of Armed Groups
xxxvi
Introduction 1(8)
Nature of the law
2(1)
Armed groups
3(1)
Practice
4(1)
Goals
5(1)
A note to the reader
5(4)
PART I REGULATING NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS
1 Ad-hoc Regulation
9(21)
1 Introduction
9(1)
2 Recognition of belligerency
9(11)
2.1 The concept of recognition
9(5)
2.2 Consequences of recognition
14(3)
2.3 Instances of recognition
17(3)
3 Instructions and agreements
20(9)
3.1 Instructions
21(4)
3.2 Agreements
25(3)
3.3 Advantages and drawbacks
28(1)
4 Conclusion
29(1)
2 Systematic Regulation through International Humanitarian Law
30(24)
1 Introduction
30(1)
2 The International Committee of the Red Cross and International Conferences of the Red Cross
30(10)
3 The Diplomatic Conference of 1949
40(2)
4 The period 1949-74
42(7)
5 The Diplomatic Conference of 1974-7
49(3)
6 Post-1977 initiatives
52(1)
7 Conclusion
53(1)
3 Regulation through a Body of International Law
54(47)
1 Introduction
54(1)
2 Drawing on the law of international armed conflict
55(22)
2.1 Customary international humanitarian law
55(6)
2.2 Conventional international humanitarian law
61(4)
2.3 Methodological difficulties with regulation by drawing on the law of international armed conflict
65(1)
2.3.1 Scope and content
66(2)
2.3.2 Levels of protection
68(1)
2.3.3 International and non-international armed conflicts
69(8)
3 International criminal law
77(6)
3.1 The war crimes-international humanitarian law nexus
77(1)
3.2 Methodological concerns with the use of war crimes law
78(1)
3.2.1 The norms
79(3)
3.2.2 The enforcement function
82(1)
4 International human rights law
83(16)
4.1 Applicability of international human rights law
83(4)
4.2 Application of international human rights law
87(1)
4.2.1 Normative content
87(1)
4.2.2 Interpretation
88(5)
4.2.3 Direct regulation
93(6)
5 Conclusion
99(2)
4 The Sources of the Law of Non-International Armed Conflict
101(54)
1 Introduction
101(1)
2 The traditional sources
101(6)
2.1 Treaties
101(1)
2.2 Custom
102(1)
2.2.1 Methodology
102(3)
2.2.2 Customary rules
105(2)
3 The less traditional `sources'
107(45)
3.1 Nature of the commitments
108(1)
3.1.1 Propaganda?
108(1)
3.1.2 Normative status
109(1)
3.1.3 An interpretational tool
110(2)
3.1.4 Commitments and compliance
112(1)
3.2 The commitments
113(1)
3.2.1 Unilateral declarations
113(1)
Declarations of states
113(1)
Parallel declarations
114(4)
Declarations of national liberation movements
118(1)
Declarations of non-state armed groups
118(1)
Purported accession
118(1)
Declarations to the ICRC
119(1)
General declarations
120(2)
Declarations on particular rules
122(1)
Declarations on human rights law
123(1)
3.2.2 Agreements
124(1)
Agreements on international humanitarian law
125(4)
Agreements on international humanitarian law and human rights law
129(2)
Agreements on human rights law
131(1)
Other agreements
132(1)
3.2.3 Instructions, codes of conduct, and internal regulations
133(6)
3.2.4 Legislation
139(2)
3.2.5 Other important materials
141(1)
Responses to reports of fact-finding missions
141(1)
Press releases and other ad hoc statements
141(1)
Expressions of motivations for taking up arms
142(1)
3.3 Non-exhaustive list of commitments
143(9)
4 Conclusion
152(3)
PART II THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT
5 Identifying a Non-International Armed Conflict: Armed Conflicts and Internal Tensions and Disturbances
155(57)
1 Introduction
155(1)
2 The non-definition approach
156(8)
2.1 The Diplomatic Conference of 1949
156(6)
2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of the lack of definition
162(2)
3 The definition approach
164(18)
3.1 Intensity of violence
167(3)
3.2 Organization of the armed group
170(1)
3.2.1 Indicia of organization
170(2)
3.2.2 Organization in practice
172(2)
3.2.3 Responsible command
174(2)
3.2.4 Rationale for organization
176(4)
3.3 Governmental authorities
180(1)
3.4 Non-requisites
180(2)
4 Prerequisites for particular rules to apply
182(14)
4.1 Protocol II, Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949
182(2)
4.1.1 State armed forces
184(1)
4.1.2 Organized armed groups and responsible command
184(1)
4.1.3 Territorial control
185(3)
4.1.4 Sustained and concerted military operations
188(1)
4.1.5 Implementation of the Protocol
188(2)
4.1.6 Concluding thoughts
190(2)
4.2 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
192(3)
4.3 Recognition of belligerency
195(1)
5 Characterization of the violence
196(14)
5.1 The decision-maker
196(4)
5.2 Recognition of an armed conflict
200(4)
5.3 Characterization of the armed group
204(1)
5.4 Legal status and legitimacy
205(5)
6 Conclusion
210(2)
6 Identifying a Non-International Armed Conflict: International and Non-International Armed Conflicts
212(24)
1 Introduction
212(1)
2 Wars of national liberation
212(10)
2.1 Historical regulation
212(4)
2.2 Defining wars of national liberation
216(6)
3 Outside state intervention
222(6)
3.1 Intervention through troops
222(3)
3.2 State control over an armed group
225(3)
4 Transnational armed conflicts
228(6)
5 Conclusion
234(2)
7 Scope of Application
236(19)
1 Introduction
236(1)
2 Personal scope of application
236(14)
2.1 Non-state armed groups and conventional international humanitarian law
236(6)
2.2 Equality of obligation, reciprocity, and asymmetry
242(4)
2.3 Intra-party protection
246(4)
3 Geographical scope of application
250(2)
4 Temporal scope of application
252(3)
8 Protection of Civilians and Persons Hors de Combat
255(81)
1 Introduction
255(1)
2 Humane treatment
255(18)
2.1 The principle
255(3)
2.2 Non-discrimination
258(1)
2.3 Specific prohibitions deriving from the principle of humane treatment
259(1)
2.3.1 Violence to life and person
259(1)
Murder
260(1)
Torture
261(1)
Cruel and inhuman treatment
262(1)
2.3.2 Outrages upon personal dignity
263(1)
2.3.3 Sexual violence
264(4)
2.3.4 Slavery and the slave trade
268(1)
2.3.5 Taking of hostages
268(3)
2.3.6 Collective punishments
271(2)
3 Persons benefitting from particular protections
273(56)
3.1 Wounded, sick, and shipwrecked
273(4)
3.2 Medical and religious personnel
277(3)
3.3 Dead persons
280(4)
3.4 Missing persons
284(1)
3.5 Displaced persons
285(1)
3.5.1 Prohibition on forced displacement
285(2)
Exceptions to the prohibition on forcible transfer
287(1)
Modalities of displacement
288(1)
3.5.2 Treatment of internally displaced persons
289(2)
3.5.3 Return of internally displaced persons
291(1)
3.6 Interned and detained persons
292(1)
3.6.1 Obligations to be respected as a minimum
293(2)
3.6.2 Obligations dependent on capacity
295(1)
3.6.3 Specificities of non-international armed conflict
296(4)
3.6.4 Release of prisoners
300(1)
3.6.5 Legal basis for security detention/internment
301(4)
3.7 Persons subject to the criminal process
305(1)
3.7.1 A regularly constituted court
305(1)
3.7.2 Due process guarantees
306(1)
Identifying the obligations
306(2)
Content of the obligations
308(2)
3.7.3 Capital punishment
310(1)
3.8 Journalists
311(2)
3.9 Women
313(2)
3.10 Children
315(1)
3.10.1 General
315(1)
3.10.2 Child soldiers
316(1)
The obligations
317(3)
The relevant age
320(3)
Human rights law
323(1)
3.11 Peacekeeping missions
324(1)
3.11.1 International humanitarian law protections
324(3)
3.11.2 The Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel
327(1)
3.11.3 Application of international humanitarian law to UN forces
328(1)
3.12 Humanitarian assistance missions
328(1)
4 Humanitarian assistance
329(5)
5 Conclusion
334(2)
9 Conduct of Hostilities
336(94)
1 Introduction
336(1)
2 Targeting
337(49)
2.1 Underlying principles
337(1)
2.2 Attacks against the civilian population
338(1)
2.2.1 Attacks on civilians
338(4)
2.2.2 Attacks on civilian objects
342(1)
Protections afforded to civilian objects
342(2)
2.2.3 Defining civilian objects
344(3)
2.3 Indiscriminate attacks
347(2)
2.4 Disproportionate attacks
349(2)
2.5 Precautions
351(1)
2.5.1 Precautions in planning and carrying out attacks
351(5)
2.5.2 Precautions against the effects of attacks
356(1)
2.6 Beneficiaries of protection
357(1)
2.6.1 Context
357(2)
2.6.2 Categories of persons
359(1)
Members of state armed forces and military wing of armed group
359(3)
Civilians taking a direct part in hostilities
362(1)
2.6.3 The notion of direct participation in hostilities
363(1)
Interpretive Guidance
363(1)
Types of acts
364(1)
2.6.4 Loss of protection
365(1)
State armed forces and military wing of armed group
365(2)
Civilians taking a direct part in hostilities
367(1)
Views of armed groups
368(2)
A more humanitarian approach?
370(2)
2.6.5 Conclusion
372(1)
2.7 Investigations relating to losses of life
372(1)
2.8 Objects benefiting from particular protections
373(1)
2.8.1 Medical units and transports
373(2)
2.8.2 Cultural property
375(1)
Definition of cultural property
376(1)
Application to non-international armed conflict
376(1)
The protections
377(1)
Hague Convention on Cultural Property
377(2)
Additional Protocol II
379(1)
Second Protocol to the Hague Convention on Cultural Property
379(2)
Customary international law
381(1)
2.8.3 Dams, dykes, and nuclear electrical generating stations
381(2)
2.8.4 Protected zones
383(3)
3 Means of combat
386(26)
3.1 Introduction
386(1)
3.2 The general rules
387(1)
3.2.1 Unnecessary suffering or superfluous injury
387(3)
3.2.2 Discrimination
390(2)
3.3 Specifically prohibited weapons
392(1)
3.3.1 Poison and poisoned weapons
392(1)
3.3.2 Biological and bacteriological weapons
393(1)
3.3.3 Gas and chemical weapons
394(3)
3.3.4 Incendiary weapons
397(2)
3.3.5 Laser weapons designed to cause permanent blindness
399(1)
3.3.6 Explosive bullets
400(1)
3.3.7 Expanding bullets
401(3)
3.3.8 Booby-traps and anti-personnel mines
404(1)
Booby-traps
404(1)
Anti-personnel mines
404(1)
The Amended Mines Protocol
405(2)
The Ottawa Convention
407(2)
3.3.9 Cluster munitions
409(1)
3.3.10 Non-detectable fragments
410(1)
3.3.11 Explosive remnants of war
411(1)
4 Methods of combat
412(16)
4.1 Denial of quarter
412(3)
4.2 Flags of truce and surrender
415(1)
4.3 Improper use of emblems and uniforms
416(1)
4.3.1 Neutral or protected emblems and uniforms
416(1)
4.3.2 Enemy emblems and uniforms
417(1)
4.4 Perfidy
418(2)
4.5 Human shields
420(1)
4.5.1 Involuntary human shields
420(2)
4.5.2 Voluntary human shields
422(1)
4.6 Starvation of civilians
423(1)
4.6.1 Starvation
423(1)
4.6.2 Objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population
424(2)
4.7 Pillage
426(2)
4.8 Wanton destruction
428(1)
5 Conclusion
428(2)
10 Implementation and Non-Judicial Enforcement
430(45)
1 Introduction
430(1)
2 Internal mechanisms
431(17)
2.1 Dissemination
431(1)
2.1.1 Importance of dissemination
431(1)
2.1.2 States, non-state armed groups, and civilians
432(1)
2.1.3 Modalities of dissemination
433(1)
2.2 Instruction
434(3)
2.3 Legal advice
437(1)
2.4 Manuals, codes of conduct, and internal regulations
438(1)
2.4.1 State measures
438(1)
2.4.2 Non-state armed group measures
438(4)
2.5 Unilateral declarations and bilateral agreements
442(3)
2.6 Sanctions
445(3)
3 Responses to the other side: belligerent reprisals
448(9)
3.1 Prohibited belligerent reprisals
449(4)
3.2 Restrictions on the use of belligerent reprisals
453(2)
3.3 Continued use of belligerent reprisals
455(2)
4 Third parties
457(16)
4.1 Protecting Powers
457(2)
4.2 Fact-finding
459(1)
4.2.1 The International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
459(3)
4.2.2 Other fact-finding initiatives
462(3)
4.3 United Nations entities
465(1)
4.3.1 The Security Council
465(1)
4.3.2 The General Assembly
466(1)
4.3.3 Human rights mechanisms
467(1)
4.4 The International Committee of the Red Cross
467(1)
4.4.1 The institution
467(1)
4.4.2 Activities
468(3)
4.4.3 Modalities
471(1)
4.5 Human rights non-governmental organizations
472(1)
5 Conclusion
473(2)
11 Judicial Enforcement
475(38)
1 Introduction
475(1)
2 War crimes
475(3)
3 International criminal courts and tribunals
478(10)
3.1 The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
478(1)
3.2 The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
479(2)
3.3 The International Criminal Court
481(2)
3.3.1 Jurisdiction
483(1)
3.3.2 Impact
484(3)
3.4 The Special Court for Sierra Leone
487(1)
4 Domestic criminal courts
488(12)
4.1 1860s to mid-1990s
489(1)
4.1.1 Prosecutions
489(1)
4.1.2 National legislation
490(4)
4.2 Mid-1990s to present
494(1)
4.2.1 Conventional law
494(1)
4.2.2 Domestic legislation
494(2)
4.2.3 Trials in national courts
496(2)
4.2.4 Trials in courts of states not involved in the conflict
498(2)
5 Human rights courts
500(5)
5.1 Enforcement of international humanitarian law
501(2)
5.2 Enforcement of human rights law
503(2)
6 Non-enforcement: amnesties
505(4)
7 Conclusion
509(4)
PART III MOVING FORWARD
12 Developments Needed in the Law
513(55)
1 Introduction
513(1)
2 Substantive norms
513(19)
2.1 Combatant immunity and prisoners of war
513(1)
2.1.1 Combatant immunity
514(7)
2.1.2 Prisoners of war
521(5)
2.2 The natural environment
526(3)
2.3 Territory under the control of the non-state armed group
529(3)
3 Enforcement and implementation of the law
532(30)
3.1 Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict and the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict
533(5)
3.2 Geneva Call
538(1)
3.2.1 The Deed of Commitment
539(1)
3.2.2 Monitoring
539(2)
3.2.3 Beyond anti-personnel mines
541(1)
3.3 Engaging compliance
542(1)
3.3.1 Influencing others
542(4)
3.3.2 Legitimacy concerns
546(3)
3.4 Courts of non-state armed groups
549(1)
3.4.1 Examples
550(5)
3.4.2 Potential importance
555(2)
3.4.3 Legitimacy and recognition
557(5)
3.4.4 Towards greater engagement
562(1)
4 Methodology: armed groups and the creation of the law
562(2)
5 A concrete proposal
564(4)
Conclusion 568(3)
Bibliography 571(48)
Index 619
Sandesh Sivakumaran is a lecturer at the School of Law, University of Nottingham. He has worked at the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone, and has acted as an expert for intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. He is a recipient of the Giorgio La Pira Prize and the Antonio Cassese Prize for International Criminal Law Studies.