|
|
xxix | |
|
|
li | |
|
Table of Legislation from Other Jurisdictions |
|
|
lvii | |
|
|
lix | |
|
1 Legal Professional Privilege: Fundamental Principles |
|
|
|
A Introduction: The Nature of the Privilege |
|
|
1 | (8) |
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
C Historical Origins of the Two Sub-heads of Privilege |
|
|
13 | (4) |
|
|
17 | (9) |
|
(1) Legal advice privilege |
|
|
17 | (6) |
|
|
23 | (3) |
|
E The Basic Features of Legal Professional Privilege |
|
|
26 | (9) |
|
|
35 | (6) |
|
|
41 | (5) |
|
H Who are Lawyers for the Purposes of the Privilege? |
|
|
46 | (22) |
|
I How Long Does the Privilege Last? |
|
|
68 | (7) |
|
|
75 | (3) |
|
K The Impact of the Convention |
|
|
78 | |
|
|
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
|
5 | (32) |
|
|
6 | (20) |
|
(2) Rationale for a broader client test |
|
|
26 | (11) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (5) |
|
|
43 | (46) |
|
(1) Extent of the need for actual communications after Three Rivers 5 |
|
|
45 | (29) |
|
(2) Communications through the intermediaries or agents of either lawyer or client |
|
|
74 | (9) |
|
(3) The requirement of confidentiality |
|
|
83 | (6) |
|
F What Constitutes Legal Advice or Assistance? |
|
|
89 | (50) |
|
(1) The law prior to Three Rivers 6 |
|
|
89 | (5) |
|
(2) The broad test following Three Rivers 6 |
|
|
94 | (18) |
|
(3) The need for a separate consideration of `legal' and `advice or assistance' |
|
|
112 | (13) |
|
(4) No requirement of a connection with litigation |
|
|
125 | (3) |
|
(5) Practical examples and difficult areas |
|
|
128 | (11) |
|
G Whether the Privilege should be Confined to Lawyer-Client Communications: The Current Status of Three Rivers 5 |
|
|
139 | (38) |
|
H Is There Currently any Dominant Purpose Test for Legal Advice Privilege in England? |
|
|
177 | |
|
|
|
|
1 | (10) |
|
B What Type of Material is Covered? |
|
|
11 | (39) |
|
|
12 | (13) |
|
(2) Matters other than communications |
|
|
25 | (9) |
|
|
34 | (16) |
|
C Nature of the Litigation |
|
|
50 | (32) |
|
(1) Actual or anticipated litigation |
|
|
50 | (11) |
|
(2) What is meant by `litigation'? |
|
|
61 | (21) |
|
|
82 | (27) |
|
|
82 | (8) |
|
|
90 | (15) |
|
|
105 | (4) |
|
E Who Can Assert Litigation Privilege and When? |
|
|
109 | (9) |
|
F Communications with Particular Persons |
|
|
118 | (23) |
|
|
118 | (16) |
|
(2) Clinical case managers |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
(3) Lawyers and others in relation to litigation costs |
|
|
136 | (5) |
|
G The Future of Litigation Privilege |
|
|
141 | |
|
4 Legal Professional Privilege: General Issues |
|
|
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
B Problem Areas---Particular Types of Document |
|
|
3 | (33) |
|
(1) Partly privileged documents |
|
|
3 | (5) |
|
(2) Pre-existing documents, copies, and selections |
|
|
8 | (20) |
|
(3) Subsequent litigation |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
(4) Dissemination of privileged material |
|
|
30 | (6) |
|
C Exceptions to Privilege |
|
|
36 | (61) |
|
(1) The crime/fraud exception |
|
|
37 | (39) |
|
(2) Where the communication is a material fact in itself |
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
(3) Better right of another party |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
(4) Where secondary evidence may be given |
|
|
80 | (4) |
|
(5) Particular relationships |
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
|
86 | (5) |
|
(7) Regulatory investigations |
|
|
91 | (6) |
|
D International Aspects of the Law of Privilege |
|
|
97 | (11) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
98 | (7) |
|
(3) International aspects of the English substantive law of privilege |
|
|
105 | (3) |
|
|
108 | |
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
|
111 | (9) |
|
(3) Challenging privilege |
|
|
120 | (11) |
|
(4) Inspection by the court |
|
|
131 | (6) |
|
(5) Role of the solicitor |
|
|
137 | |
|
|
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
B Loss of Confidentiality |
|
|
5 | (17) |
|
(1) Requirement of confidentiality |
|
|
5 | (5) |
|
(2) Lack of confidentiality as between parties to litigation |
|
|
10 | (3) |
|
(3) Disclosure to third parties and loss of confidentiality |
|
|
13 | (9) |
|
|
22 | (103) |
|
(1) Classification of waiver |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
(2) Disclosure in earlier proceedings or investigations |
|
|
23 | (8) |
|
(3) Waiver during proceedings |
|
|
31 | (61) |
|
(4) Other instances of implied/compulsory waiver |
|
|
92 | (33) |
|
|
125 | (9) |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
(2) Extent of collateral waiver |
|
|
127 | (7) |
|
E Restraining the Use of Privileged or Confidential Documents |
|
|
134 | |
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
(2) Goddard v Nationwide Building Society and the equitable jurisdiction |
|
|
137 | (3) |
|
(3) Where the document is disclosed and inspected |
|
|
140 | (9) |
|
(4) Other factors going to relief and the extent of relief |
|
|
149 | |
|
6 Joint and Common Interest Privilege |
|
|
|
|
1 | (17) |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
2 | (5) |
|
|
7 | (11) |
|
B Common Interest Privilege |
|
|
18 | |
|
|
18 | (7) |
|
(2) A common interest: a common solicitor? |
|
|
25 | (6) |
|
(3) A common interest: widening boundaries |
|
|
31 | (4) |
|
(4) A common interest: nature and ambit of the relationship |
|
|
35 | (6) |
|
(5) The nature of common interest privilege |
|
|
41 | (19) |
|
(6) Waiver of common interest privilege |
|
|
60 | |
|
7 Without Prejudice Privilege |
|
|
|
A Nature of and Rationale for the Privilege |
|
|
1 | (6) |
|
|
7 | (25) |
|
C Exceptions to the Application of the Privilege |
|
|
32 | (10) |
|
|
42 | (3) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | |
|
8 Privilege against Self-incrimination |
|
|
|
|
1 | (8) |
|
B How to Assert the Privilege |
|
|
9 | (11) |
|
C Potential Rationales of the Privilege |
|
|
20 | (8) |
|
D The Privilege is not Absolute |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
E Civil Evidence Act 1968, s 14 |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
F `Refuse to Answer any Question or Produce any Document or Thing' |
|
|
32 | (10) |
|
G `Would Tend to Expose that Person to Proceedings for an Offence or for the Recovery of a Penalty' |
|
|
42 | (16) |
|
(1) A real and appreciable risk |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
(2) Applicability of the privilege outside legal or quasi-judicial proceedings |
|
|
44 | (3) |
|
(3) Answers given during internal investigations and regulatory proceedings |
|
|
47 | (3) |
|
(4) Exposure to proceedings under foreign laws |
|
|
50 | (4) |
|
(5) Privilege against self-incrimination for contempt of court or perjury |
|
|
54 | (3) |
|
(6) Use of compelled evidence in directors' disqualification proceedings and disciplinary proceedings |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
H Factors in the ECHR Jurisprudence |
|
|
58 | (5) |
|
I Statutory Restriction of the Privilege |
|
|
63 | (5) |
|
J Waiver of the Privilege |
|
|
68 | (301) |
Index |
|
369 | |