Preface |
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xiv | |
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xv | |
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1 `China Rising': Chinese and Chinese Language Learning as Global Phenomena |
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1 | (32) |
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1.1 Introduction: China (and Chinese) rising |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Media portrayals of the rise of Chinese |
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1 | (3) |
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1.3 Complexities and politics of Chinese language(s) and literacies |
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4 | (4) |
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1.4 Cultural politics and ideologies surrounding Chinese language education, learning, and use |
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8 | (2) |
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1.5 Chinese language education: Pragmatic curricular issues |
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10 | (1) |
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1.6 Trends and gaps in Chinese language education and applied linguistics research |
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11 | (2) |
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1.7 Investigating Chinese language learning from multiple new perspectives |
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13 | (1) |
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1.8 Existing (auto)biographical accounts of learning Chinese |
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14 | (3) |
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1.9 Contemporary case studies in CAL on identity, ideologies, and narrativity |
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17 | (2) |
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1.10 Chinese as a heritage language |
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19 | (1) |
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1.11 New directions in Chinese language learning |
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20 | (1) |
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1.12 The study presented in this book |
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21 | (8) |
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1.12.1 Research methodology |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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1.12.1.2 Research design and procedures |
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23 | (1) |
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1.12.1.3 Triangulating epistemic stances: "Insiders" and "outsiders" |
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23 | (2) |
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1.12.1.4 Procedures and timeline for data collection and analysis |
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25 | (1) |
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1.12.1.5 Description of research procedures and process |
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25 | (4) |
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1.13 Organization of this book |
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29 | (4) |
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2 Developing Chinese Proficiency: Linguistic Perspectives |
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33 | (45) |
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2.1 Introduction: Researching Chinese language learners' development |
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33 | (1) |
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2.2 Existing research on linguistic dimensions of Chinese as an additional language |
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34 | (3) |
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2.2.1 Linguistic approaches |
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34 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Linguistic development in sociocultural and phenomenological (narrative) accounts of Chinese SLA |
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36 | (1) |
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2.3 CAL participants' linguistic profiles |
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37 | (8) |
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37 | (1) |
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2.3.1.1 Ella's language background |
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37 | (1) |
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2.3.1.2 Elliott's language background |
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37 | (1) |
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2.3.1.3 Patsy's language background |
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38 | (1) |
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2.3.1.4 Roma's language background |
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38 | (1) |
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2.3.1.5 Tim's language background |
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39 | (1) |
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2.3.1.6 Summary of participants' language backgrounds |
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39 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Formally assessing and describing CAL proficiency |
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39 | (3) |
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2.3.3 Proficiency self-assessments |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (30) |
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2.4.1 Challenges in learning to speak Chinese |
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45 | (1) |
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2.4.1.1 The challenge of dialects in CAL |
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45 | (3) |
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2.4.1.2 The challenge of tones in CAL |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.2 The CAL proficiency interviews |
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49 | (1) |
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2.4.2.1 Interview structure |
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50 | (1) |
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2.4.2.2 Transcription of interviews |
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50 | (1) |
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2.4.2.3 Contextualizing the proficiency interviews in relation to learner background, learning contexts, and interview context |
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51 | (1) |
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2.4.2.4 Rachel's observations |
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52 | (3) |
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2.4.2.5 Quantitative analysis and linguistic comparison of group's interview data |
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55 | (14) |
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2.4.3 Qualitative analysis of oral proficiency data: Grammatical variety analysis |
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69 | (1) |
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2.4.3.1 Morpheme analysis: Semantic and grammatical functions and constructions |
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70 | (4) |
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2.4.3.2 Issues with qualitative analysis of grammatical competency |
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74 | (1) |
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2.5 Summary of linguistic analysis of proficiency, development, and variation |
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75 | (3) |
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3 Developing Everyday Chinese Literacies: Sinographic Choices, Practices, and Identities |
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78 | (24) |
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78 | (1) |
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3.2 Chinese orthography and literacy: Investments, practices, and identities |
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78 | (2) |
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3.3 Contexts for and commitments to acquiring Chinese character-based literacy |
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80 | (2) |
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3.4 Developing advanced Chinese literacy |
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82 | (3) |
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3.5 Literacy as mediated social practice |
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85 | (3) |
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3.6 Writing, technology, and literate/textual identities, choices, and practices |
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88 | (11) |
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3.6.1 Ella's transcriptions |
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90 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Elliott's transcriptions |
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91 | (2) |
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3.6.3 Patsy's transcriptions |
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93 | (3) |
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3.6.4 Roma's transcriptions |
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96 | (1) |
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3.6.5 Tim's transcriptions |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (3) |
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4 Sociocultural Approaches to Chinese Language Learning and Research: Negotiating Identities and Communities |
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102 | (39) |
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4.1 Introduction: Exploring identity and community in socioculturally-oriented Chinese language learning research |
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102 | (11) |
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4.1.1 Traditional and contemporary approaches to research: The sociocultural imperative in SLA |
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103 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Sociocultural theory and SLA |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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4.1.3.1 Identity(ies) as multiple, situated, fluid |
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107 | (1) |
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4.1.3.2 Emic versus etic perspectives on identity |
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108 | (1) |
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4.1.3.3 Identity in heritage versus non-heritage learners of Chinese |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (3) |
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4.2 Thematic analysis of narratives: Procedures and priorities |
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113 | (26) |
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4.2.1 CAL in relation to community engagements |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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4.2.2.1 Agency, identities, and communities |
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117 | (8) |
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125 | (1) |
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4.2.3.1 Positioning and race |
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126 | (2) |
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4.2.3.2 Positioning, identities, and communities |
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128 | (1) |
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4.2.3.3 Positioning, laowai, and English |
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129 | (4) |
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133 | (2) |
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4.2.4.1 Gender and communities |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (2) |
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5 Narrative and Metanarrative Perspectives on Learning, Researching, and Theorizing Chinese as an Additional Language |
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141 | (39) |
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5.1 Introduction: Narrative inquiry in second language research |
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141 | (6) |
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5.1.1 Purpose and procedures of (meta)narrative analysis |
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143 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Becoming participant-researchers in a CAL community of practice |
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145 | (2) |
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5.2 Stage 1: Narrative generation process |
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147 | (7) |
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5.2.1 Approach, genre, voice, and style in Narrative One (N1) |
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150 | (4) |
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5.3 Stage 2: Reciprocal and collective annotation of narratives |
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154 | (14) |
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5.3.1 Coding comments on Narrative One |
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158 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Analyzing comments on Narrative One |
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158 | (8) |
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5.3.3 Metanarrative activity as community building and theory building |
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166 | (2) |
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5.4 Stage 3: Writing, analyzing, and theorizing SLA in Narrative Two (N2) |
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168 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Narrative Two prefaces as personal metanarrative reflection |
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170 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Analyzing Narrative Two: Focus group discussion vis-a-vis written annotation |
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171 | (3) |
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5.5 Stage 4: Collaborative research and writing with digital aids |
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174 | (1) |
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5.6 Creation and inclusion of Narrative Three (N3) in this book |
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174 | (1) |
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5.7 Some final reflections: The benefits and limitations of the (meta)narrative research |
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175 | (5) |
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175 | (2) |
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5.7.2 Limitations and constraints |
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177 | (3) |
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6 Conclusion: Reflections on Research in Chinese as an Additional Language |
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180 | (17) |
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6.1 Exploring diverse approaches to research in CAL |
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180 | (1) |
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6.2 Recurring themes in CAL and in our study |
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181 | (6) |
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6.2.1 Descriptions of language proficiency |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Negotiating identities and communities |
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185 | (2) |
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6.3 Triangulating, reconciling, and interrogating diverse perspectives, experiences, and methods for analyzing CAL |
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187 | (3) |
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6.4 Limitations and reflections |
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190 | (1) |
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6.5 Pedagogical and policy implications |
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191 | (2) |
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6.6 Future research directions and possibilities |
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193 | (1) |
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6.7 Conclusion: Learning Chinese as a global and cosmopolitan language |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (106) |
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Appendix A CAL Learners' Narratives |
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199 | (102) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (24) |
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224 | (20) |
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244 | (20) |
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264 | (19) |
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283 | (18) |
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Appendix B Sample Questions for Chinese Proficiency Interview (2009, 2010) |
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301 | (2) |
References |
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303 | (14) |
Index |
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317 | |