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1 | (6) |
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5 | (2) |
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2 Definitions and the Evolution of Learning and Development Research and Practice |
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7 | (16) |
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7 | (1) |
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2.2 Definitions of Key L&D Concepts |
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8 | (5) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Development and Education |
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10 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Human Resource Development (HRD) and Workplace Learning |
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12 | (1) |
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2.3 The Early Industry Origins of Training in Organisations and Initial Research Efforts |
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13 | (1) |
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2.4 The Emergence of the Classroom and Structured on-the-job Training in Organisations |
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14 | (1) |
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2.5 E-Learning, Digitisation and a Focus on Context in Understanding the Effectiveness of Learning and Development in Organisations |
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15 | (1) |
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2.6 The Emergence of Business Partnering Approaches, Blended and Social Learning |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (4) |
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3 Theoretical Perspectives and Context of Learning and Development Effectiveness in Organisations |
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23 | (26) |
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24 | (1) |
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3.2 Theoretical Perspectives on Learning and Development |
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24 | (3) |
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3.2.1 The Universalistic Approach to Learning and Development |
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24 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Contingency Approach to L&D |
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25 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Configurational Approach to L&D |
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26 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Architectural Approach to L&D |
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26 | (1) |
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3.3 Theories Used to Explain the Link Between L&D, Individual and Organisational Performance |
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27 | (6) |
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3.3.1 Human Capital Theory |
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27 | (2) |
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3.3.2 The Resource-Based View and Learning & Development |
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29 | (1) |
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3.3.3 The Behavioural Approach |
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30 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Ability-Motivation-Opportunity Theory |
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31 | (1) |
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3.3.5 Attribution Theory and L&D |
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32 | (1) |
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3.3.6 Social Exchange Theory |
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33 | (1) |
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3.4 The Changing Context of Learning and Development Effectiveness |
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33 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Organisational Strategy |
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34 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Organisation Structure |
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34 | (2) |
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3.4.3 Organisation Cultures, Climate and Mind-Set |
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36 | (1) |
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3.4.4 The Changing Nature of Careers |
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37 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Changing Nature of Jobs and Work Design |
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38 | (1) |
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3.4.6 The Changing Nature of Employee Contracting |
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39 | (1) |
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3.4.7 The Emergence of Talent Management |
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40 | (1) |
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3.4.8 Personal Initiative and L&D |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (6) |
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4 A Model of Learning and Development Effectiveness in Organisations |
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49 | (50) |
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50 | (1) |
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4.2 Learning and Development Inputs |
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50 | (9) |
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4.2.1 Environmental Inputs to L&D |
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50 | (5) |
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4.2.2 Organisational Inputs to L&D |
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55 | (4) |
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4.3 Individual Inputs to Learning and Development |
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59 | (4) |
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4.3.1 Trainee Level of Knowledge and Cognitive Ability, Dispositions and Values |
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59 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Trainee Motivation and Self-efficacy, Instrumentality and Goals |
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60 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Trainee Level Within Organisation |
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62 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Trainee Affective States and Behavioural Characteristics |
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62 | (1) |
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4.4 Training Design Inputs |
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63 | (3) |
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4.4.1 Organisation Training Needs Analysis Process |
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63 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Training Attendance Policy |
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64 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Training Design Characteristics |
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64 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Trainer Instructor Characteristics |
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66 | (1) |
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4.5 Individual and Organisational Related Reactions to Training |
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66 | (4) |
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4.5.1 Learner Reactions to Training |
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67 | (2) |
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4.5.2 Organisation-Level Reactions to the Training |
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69 | (1) |
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4.6 Learning Outcomes from Training |
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70 | (2) |
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4.6.1 Individual-Level Learning Outcomes |
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70 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Organisational-Level Learning Outcomes |
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71 | (1) |
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4.7 Learning Transfer---Organisational and Individual Levels |
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72 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Organisation-Level Transfer |
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74 | (1) |
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4.8 Firm-Level Human Resource Outcomes |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.10 Operational Firm-Level Outcomes |
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78 | (1) |
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4.11 Financial Performance Outcomes |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (18) |
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5 The Current State of Research on Training Effectiveness |
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99 | (54) |
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100 | (1) |
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5.2 What Do We Know About the Effectiveness of Each Component of Our Integrated Model? |
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100 | (3) |
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5.3 What Emphasis Has Been Given to Different Components of Our Model? |
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103 | (15) |
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5.4 How Should Organisations Approach the Design, Delivery and Implementation of Training to Maximise Training Effectiveness? |
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118 | (20) |
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138 | (15) |
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6 Suggestions for Research and Practice |
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153 | (22) |
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153 | (1) |
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6.2 Recommendations on the Content of Empirical Training Effectiveness Research |
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154 | (11) |
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6.2.1 Linking Individual-Level Learning Outcomes to Organisational Performance |
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154 | (9) |
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6.2.2 The Role of Emergence Enablers |
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163 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Mediating Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions |
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164 | (1) |
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6.3 Recommendations for Research Design |
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165 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Using More Rigorous Research Designs and Capturing Context |
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165 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Gathering Data from Multiple Stakeholders or Organisational Actors |
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166 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Addressing Causality and Reverse Causality |
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166 | (1) |
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6.4 Implications for Practice |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (4) |
Index |
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175 | |