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Legal Research and Writing Handbook: A Basic Approach for Paralegals 8th ed. [Minkštas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 640 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 254x178x33 mm, weight: 1085 g
  • Serija: Aspen Paralegal
  • Išleidimo metai: 13-Feb-2018
  • Leidėjas: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business
  • ISBN-10: 1454896388
  • ISBN-13: 9781454896388
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Legal Research and Writing Handbook: A Basic Approach for Paralegals 8th ed.Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 640 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 254x178x33 mm, weight: 1085 g
  • Serija: Aspen Paralegal
  • Išleidimo metai: 13-Feb-2018
  • Leidėjas: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business
  • ISBN-10: 1454896388
  • ISBN-13: 9781454896388
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781454896388.html
Raktažodžiai:

With clear explanations, examples, and visual aids, The Legal Research and Writing Handbook, Eighth Edition by Andrea Yelin and Hope Viner Samborn offers complete coverage of a complex subject in a student-friendly, accessible text. In this thoroughly updated new edition, the authors continue to keep pace with legal research, citation, and technology in today’s law firms. This practical text focuses on efficient research processes and techniques for both traditional and electronic sources, along with step-by-step instruction through each stage of the legal writing process, from prewriting strategies, to revising. The text is enhanced with examples and visual aids, expert writing and practice tips, hands-on exercises, ethics alerts, up-to-date web resources, and easy-to-navigate page design. Excellent exercises are provided to reinforce student learning.

Key Features: 

  • Updated and expanded coverage of electronic resources reflecting how paralegals do research today
  • Detailed discussion of how to use legal authorities in legal communications and how to synthesize them and present them to attorneys
  • Examples, exhibits, practical tips, updated exercises, and web resources in every chapter
  • Expanded discussion of e-mail and e-memos
  • In-depth coverage of the IRAC method, as well as how to write legal memoranda and legal correspondence
List of Illustrations xxxi
Preface xxxv
Acknowledgments xxxvii
Part 1: Legal Research 1(308)
Chapter 1 Introduction To Legal Research
3(16)
Chapter Overview
3(1)
A Introduction To Legal Research And Writing
4(1)
1 The Role of the Paralegal in Legal Research and Writing
4(1)
Why Do Paralegals Perform Research?
4(1)
What Tasks Do Paralegals Handle in the Research and Writing Process?
4(1)
B Introduction To The U.S. Legal System
5(11)
1 The Organization of the Legal System
5(1)
How Did the Federal and State Systems Originate?
6(1)
2 Components of the Federal System and Governing Law
6(8)
a The Legislative Branch
6(1)
How Is a Law Created?
7(1)
b The Executive Branch
7(2)
c The Judicial Branch
9(1)
Who Can Bring an Action in Federal Court?
10(1)
i The Trial Courts
11(1)
ii The Appellate Courts
11(1)
iii The Supreme Court
12(2)
3 Relationship Between Federal and State Governments
14(1)
Can a Federal Court Decide an Issue of State Law?
14(1)
What Effect Does a Federal Decision Have on State Law?
14(1)
Are Federal and State Agencies Part of One Governing Body?
14(1)
4 Organization of State Governments
14(6)
What Are the Duties of the State Courts?
15(1)
Can State Courts Decide Issues of Federal Law?
16(1)
Chapter Summary
16(1)
Key Terms
17(1)
Exercises
17(2)
Chapter 2 Legal Authorities And How To Use Them
19(18)
Chapter Overview
19(1)
A Determination Of Governing Law
20(6)
1 Jurisdiction
20(1)
What Factors Determine Which Jurisdiction Governs Your Case?
20(1)
2 Precedent
20(1)
3 Hierarchy of Authorities
21(4)
a Currency
21(1)
b Levels of Court
22(1)
c Conflicting Decisions Between Circuits
23(1)
d State and Federal Decisions Concerning an Issue
24(1)
e Conflicts in Federal and State Authority
25(1)
f State Court Decisions
25(1)
4 Dicta
25(1)
B Types Of Legal Resources
26(3)
1 Primary Authority
26(2)
How Do You Determine Whether a Case Is Mandatory or Binding?
26(1)
When Is a Case or Statute Persuasive Authority?
27(1)
2 Secondary Authority
28(1)
3 Finding Tools
28(1)
4 Hybrid Sources of Authority
29(1)
5 Nonlegal Sources
29(1)
C Use Of Authorities Or Sources In Your Legal Writing
29(2)
1 Essential Sources to Cite
29(1)
2 Valuable Sources to Cite
30(1)
3 Sources Never to Cite
30(1)
4 Checklist
30(1)
In-Class Exercise
31(1)
Chapter Summary
32(1)
Key Terms
33(1)
Exercises
33(4)
Chapter 3 Court Decisions
37(38)
Chapter Overview
37(1)
A Reporters
37(34)
1 Bench Opinions
38(1)
2 Slip Opinions
38(4)
a Supreme Court Slip Opinions
41(1)
b Other Slip Opinions
41(1)
How Are Pending or Unreported Opinions Such as Slip Opinions Cited?
41(1)
3 Preliminary Prints
42(1)
4 Bound Reporters
42(15)
a U.S. Supreme Court Decisions
42(1)
Is U.S. Supreme Court Docket Information Available without Charge on the Internet?
45(1)
What Happens If the Language of a Decision in the Commercial Reporters Varies from the Language in U.S. Reports?
45(1)
Why Use the Commercial Reporters Rather Than the Official Reports?
45(1)
How Do You Locate a Reported Case?
49(1)
How Are U.S. Supreme Court Cases Cited?
49(6)
b Other Federal Case Reports
55(1)
Where Do You Find Decisions of Other Federal Courts?
55(1)
How Are Federal Reporter and Federal Supplement Decisions Cited?
56(1)
Are Decisions Published in Any Other Reporters?
57(1)
5 Computerized Reporting
57(3)
Can You Find Decisions on the Internet and through Fee-Based Computer Services?
57(2)
How Do You Know Whether a Case Is Published or Available Online Only?
59(1)
How Are Decisions Reported Only on Westlaw or Lexis Cited?
59(1)
6 State Reporters
60(16)
Where Can You Find State Court Decisions?
60(1)
Are There Any Unofficial Reports of State Cases?
61(1)
Why Would You Use the Regional Reporter Rather Than the Official State Reporter?
62(8)
How Are State Cases Cited?
70(1)
Chapter Summary
71(1)
Key Terms
71(1)
Exercises
72(3)
Chapter 4 Digests
75(30)
Chapter Overview
75(1)
A Content Of Digests And Organization
76(5)
What Are Digests, and What Do They Contain?
76(1)
1 Headnotes and Key Numbers
76(1)
2 Types of Digests
76(2)
3 Organization of Digests
78(3)
How Are Digest Systems Organized?
78(3)
B Step-By-Step Guide To The Digest System
81(19)
How Do You Use a Digest System?
81(1)
1 Descriptive Word Index Method
82(4)
What Is the Descriptive Word Index Method?
82(4)
2 Topic Outline Method
86(1)
What Is the Topic Outline Method?
86(1)
3 One Good Case Method
86(1)
What Is the One Good Case Method?
86(1)
Are There Any Other Ways to Find Cases in the Digests?
86(1)
Once You Have a Relevant Topic or Key Number, What Comes Next?
87(1)
What Are Pocket Parts?
87(1)
How Do You Use the Pocket Parts?
87(1)
4 Online Digest Search
87(18)
Can Digests Be Searched Online?
87(13)
Chapter Summary
100(1)
Key Terms
101(1)
Exercises
101(4)
Chapter 5 Validating
105(16)
Chapter Overview
105(1)
A Shepard's
105(7)
What is a Citator?
105(1)
Why Use Shepard's?
106(1)
What Information Does Shepard's Provide for Researchers and How Do You Use Shepard's Online?
106(6)
B Keycite
112(5)
What Is the Difference Between Shepard's and KeyCite?
116(1)
Why Would You Use Both KeyCite and Shepard's?
116(1)
How Do I Access KeyCite?
117(1)
C Other Citators
117(1)
Chapter Summary
117(1)
Key Terms
118(1)
Exercises
118(3)
Chapter 6 Secondary Authority
121(38)
Chapter Overview
121(1)
A Secondary Authority: What It Is And Where To Find It
122(1)
What Is Secondary Authority?
122(1)
Why and When Do You Use a Secondary Source?
122(1)
What Are the Sources of Secondary Authority?
123(1)
B Dictionaries
123(2)
What Is a Legal Dictionary?
123(1)
When Would a Legal Dictionary Be Used?
124(1)
How Would You Cite to a Legal Dictionary?
124(1)
Are Legal Dictionaries Available Online?
124(1)
C Encyclopedias
125(9)
1 Generally
125(2)
What Is a Legal Encyclopedia?
125(1)
Why Would You Use an Encyclopedia?
126(1)
When Do You Cite an Encyclopedia as Authority?
126(1)
2 American Jurisprudence
127(7)
What Is Contained in American Jurisprudence?
127(2)
How Do You Use Am. Jur.?
129(5)
What Is the Citation Format for Am. Jur.?
134(1)
3 State Law Encyclopedias
134(1)
Are There Any Legal Encyclopedias for State Law?
134(1)
4 Online Encyclopedia Services
134(1)
Are Legal Encyclopedias Available on Lexis or Westlaw?
134(1)
D American Law Reports
134(7)
What Are American Law Reports?
134(1)
How Do You Use A.L.R.?
135(5)
Why Would You Use A.L.R.?
140(1)
How Do You Cite to an A.L.R. Annotation?
140(1)
How Do You Update an A.L.R. Annotation?
140(1)
Can A.L.R. Annotations Be Shepardized?
141(1)
E Treatises And Hornbooks
141(3)
What Are Treatises and Hornbooks?
141(1)
How Do You Find a Thorough Treatise or Hornbook?
141(1)
Which Treatises Are Most Noteworthy?
142(1)
Why Do You Use a Treatise?
142(1)
How Do You Use a Treatise or Hornbook?
143(1)
Are Treatises Ever Relied on as Authority?
143(1)
How Do You Cite to a Hornbook and a Treatise?
143(1)
Are Treatises Available Online?
143(1)
How Are Treatises and Hornbooks Updated?
144(1)
F Restatements Of The Law
144(4)
What Are Restatements?
144(1)
How Are the Restatements Updated?
144(2)
How Do You Use the Restatements?
146(2)
Can the Restatements Be Shepardized?
148(1)
Are the Restatements Available Online?
148(1)
How Are the Restatements,Cited?
148(1)
G Uniform Laws
148(3)
Where Do You Find Uniform Laws?
149(2)
How Do You Update a Uniform Law?
151(1)
How Do You Validate a Uniform Law?
151(1)
How Do You Cite a Uniform Law?
151(1)
H Legal Periodicals
151(3)
What Are Legal Periodicals?
151(1)
Why Would You Use a Legal Periodical?
152(1)
How Do You Obtain Relevant Legal Periodical Articles?
152(1)
Are Legal Periodicals Available on Lexis and Westlaw?
153(1)
How Do You Cite to a Law Review or Law Journal?
154(1)
What Is a Blog?
154(1)
Chapter Summary
154(1)
Key Terms
155(1)
Exercises
155(4)
Chapter 7 Constitutions And Statutes
159(44)
Chapter Overview
159(1)
A Constitutions
160(7)
What Is a Constitution?
160(1)
What Is the Relationship Between the Federal Constitution and the State Constitutions?
160(1)
Who Determines Whether a Statute Violates the U.S. Constitution?
160(1)
Can Federal and State Constitutions Be Validated?
160(3)
Where Are Federal and State Constitutions Found?
163(1)
How Do You Cite Federal or State Constitutions?
163(3)
Are Constitutions Available on Lexis and Westlaw?
166(1)
Are There Any Hard-Copy Digests or Other Finding Tools That Assist with Researching Federal Constitutional Issues?
166(1)
B Statutes
167(32)
What Are Statutes?
167(1)
1 The Legislative Process
167(14)
How Is a Statute Created Through the Federal Legislative Process?
167(1)
What Are Slip Laws?
168(1)
What Are Session Laws?
169(1)
What Are the Statutes at Large?
169(2)
What Is Codification?
171(10)
2 Reading and Understanding Statutes
181(1)
How Do You Read a Statute?
181(1)
What Type of Legal Authority Are Statutes?
181(1)
What Is the Relationship Between Statutes and Case Law?
182(1)
3 How to Find Federal Statutes
182(7)
Where Are Federal Statutes Found?
182(1)
How Often Is the U.S.C. Updated?
183(1)
Is the U.S.C. the Only Codified Version of the Federal Statutes?
183(1)
What Do the Unofficial Codes Contain?
184(1)
Is There Any Difference Between the U.S.C.S. and the U.S.C.A.?
185(1)
Why Would You Use an Annotated Set of the U.S.C.?
185(1)
How Useful Are Annotated Statutes as Finding Tools?
185(1)
What Are the Research Methods Used to Find Relevant Statutes?
186(3)
How Do You Cite Federal Statutes?
189(1)
4 Validating and Updating Statutes
189(8)
How and Why Would You Validate Federal Statutes?
189(2)
How Do You Update Statutes with Print Resources?
191(6)
5 How to Find State Statutes
197(1)
How Does State Statutory Research Compare with Federal Statutory Research?
197(1)
How Can You Tell Whether a State Code Is the Official or the Unofficial Statutory Compilation?
198(1)
6 Researching Statutes Online
198(5)
Are the Federal Statutes Available on Lexis and Westlaw?
198(1)
Are State Statutes Available on Lexis and Westlaw?
198(1)
Can Statutes Be Validated on Lexis and Westlaw?
199(1)
How Do You Update Federal Statutes Online?
199(1)
Are Statutes Available on the Internet?
199(1)
Chapter Summary
199(1)
Key Terms
200(1)
Exercises
200(3)
Chapter 8 Legislative History
203(16)
Chapter Overview
203(1)
A Legislative Information
203(3)
1 Finding the Text of Pending Legislation
204(1)
2 Tracking Pending Legislation
205(1)
B Legislative Histories
206(11)
Where Do You Find Copies of Public Laws?
206(1)
How Do You Research Legislative Histories of Laws That Are Already Enacted?
206(1)
How Do You Use U.S.C.C.A.N. in Conjunction with the U.S.C.A.?
207(4)
What Are Other Ways to Find Relevant Legislative History in U.S.C.C.A.N.?
211(1)
Is Legislative History Primary Authority?
211(1)
How Do You Cite Legislative History Found in U.S.C.C.A.N.?
211(1)
How Do You Cite to a legislative History of a Statute?
211(1)
What Are Some Other Sources of Legislative Information?
212(1)
How Do You Research State Legislative Histories?
212(1)
What Additional Sources for Legislative Information Are Available?
213(4)
Chapter Summary
217(1)
Key Terms
217(1)
Exercises
217(2)
Chapter 9 Administrative Materials And Looseleaf Services
219(22)
Chapter Overview
219(1)
A Introduction
220(1)
What Is Administrative Law?
220(1)
How Can Administrative Agencies Create Law When This Is the Job of Congress?
220(1)
How Do Administrative Agencies Operate?
220(1)
B Regulations
221(1)
How Are Regulations Adopted?
221(1)
What Type of Authority Is an Administrative Regulation or Rule?
221(1)
C Finding Administrative Law
221(14)
1 Generally
221(3)
Where Do You Find Federal Administrative Law?
221(3)
Where Do You Find State Administrative Law?
224(1)
2 Specific Sources
224(11)
a Federal Register
224(1)
How Do You Search the Federal Register?
225(1)
How Can You Use Lexis and Westlaw to Retrieve the Federal Register?
226(1)
How Do You Use the Federal Register in Print?
226(1)
b Code of Federal Regulations
226(1)
How Often Is the C.F.R. Updated?
227(1)
How Do You Use the C.F.R.?
227(1)
Why Would You Use Old Regulations?
229(1)
How Do You Update and Validate Regulations?
229(1)
How Is the Updating Performed in Practice?
229(1)
How Do You Validate, Shepardize, or KeyCite a C.F.R. Citation?
234(1)
How Are the C.F.R. and the Federal Register Cited?
234(1)
D Decisions
235(1)
What Else Do Administrative Agencies Do?
235(1)
What Kind of Authority Are Administrative Decisions?
235(1)
Can Administrative Agency Decisions Be Shepardized or Checked on KeyCite?
236(1)
Other Than the Agency Itself, Where Can You Find Administrative Agency Decisions?
236(1)
E Looseleaf Services
236(1)
What Are Looseleaf Services?
236(1)
What Type of Authority Are Looseleaf Services?
236(1)
Researching Administrative Law: Summary
237(1)
Chapter Summary
237(1)
Key Terms
237(1)
Exercises
238(3)
Chapter 10 Commercial Databases
241(24)
Chapter Overview
241(2)
A Introduction
243(3)
What Are the Benefits of Using Online Legal Research Systems?
243(1)
What Are the Major Disadvantages of Using Online Legal Research Systems?
244(1)
1 Uses for Lexis, Westlaw, and Bloomberg Law
245(1)
2 Additional Features
245(1)
B Searching With Online Legal Research Systems
246(16)
1 General Overview
246(2)
2 The Basics
248(1)
How Can You Filter the Information?
248(1)
3 Search Formulation
249(4)
What Is a Search or Query?
249(1)
a Connectors
249(2)
b Quotations
251(1)
c Plurals
252(1)
d Irregular Plurals
252(1)
e Hyphenated Words
252(1)
f Noise Words or Articles
253(1)
g Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Other Terms
253(1)
4 Other Ways to Restrict Your Search to Retrieve On-Point Information
253(3)
a Date and Court Restrictors
253(1)
b Other Restrictors
254(1)
c Fields
254(1)
Why Does Integrating Traditional and Computerized Resources Result in the Most Effective Computerized Legal Research?
255(1)
5 Retrieving the Results of Your Research
256(1)
Are There Any Other Ways to Retrieve Documents?
256(1)
6 Point-and-Click Enhancements
256(1)
7 Additional Features on Lexis and Westlaw
257(2)
8 Comparing Lexis and Westlaw
259(7)
a Differences between Lexis and Westlaw
259(1)
b Similarities between Lexis and Westlaw
259(1)
How Do You Use the Computer Most Efficiently?
260(1)
How Do You Cite to Cases Retrieved on Lexis and Westlaw?
260(1)
How Do You Cite a Decision Reported on Lexis?
260(1)
How Do You Indicate a Page or Screen Number for the Case?
261(1)
What Are the Other Sites for Computerized Legal Research?
261(1)
Chapter Summary
262(1)
Key Terms
262(1)
Exercises
262(3)
Chapter 11 Practice Rules
265(10)
Chapter Overview
265(1)
A Overview Of Rules Of Practice
266(2)
What Are Rules of Practice?
266(1)
What Rules Govern Procedures in the Federal Courts?
266(1)
Do the Federal Rules Control Proceedings in State Courts?
266(1)
What Federal Courts Follow the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure?
266(1)
Are the Federal Trial Courts Governed by Any Other Rules?
266(1)
What Rules of Procedure Do Federal Appellate Courts Follow?
267(1)
What Rules Govern Practice Before the U.S. Supreme Court?
267(1)
B Researching Rules Of Practice
268(3)
1 Sources
268(1)
Where Do You Find These Rules? Are the Federal Rules Available Online?
268(1)
2 Steps in Researching Rules and Court Decisions
269(2)
How Do You Research a Federal Rule?
269(1)
How Do You Find Cases or Secondary Authorities That Interpret and Explain the Federal Rules?
269(1)
What Sources Are Available to Help Interpret These Rules?
270(1)
How Would You Cite the Various Federal Rules?
271(1)
How Would You Cite a Decision Contained in the Federal Rules Decisions?
271(1)
C State Rules Of Practice
271(1)
What Rules Control the Conduct of State Proceedings?
271(1)
Where Would You Find State Rules and Local Rules for State Courts?
272(1)
Are Annotations for State Rules Available?
272(1)
Are There Any Significant State Rule Treatises or Secondary Authorities?
272(1)
D Ensuring Currency
272(1)
How Do You Ensure That You Are Reviewing the Most Current Version of the Rule?
272(1)
Can State Rules Be Shepardized?
273(1)
Chapter Summary
273(1)
Key Terms
273(1)
Exercises
273(2)
Chapter 12 Ethical Rules
275(8)
Chapter Overview
275(1)
A Rules Of Professional Responsibility
275(2)
Is There a National Code of Ethics for Attorneys or Paralegals?
276(1)
What Type of Authority Are These State Rules of Attorney Conduct and Cases that Interpret these Rules?
277(1)
When Would You Review the Rules for Ethical Conduct and the Applicable Cases?
277(1)
B Researching Ethical Questions
277(4)
1 Primary Sources and Annotated Sources
277(1)
What Is the Value of an Annotated Source for the Rules and Codes?
277(1)
Where Can You Find the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct?
278(1)
What Other Secondary Sources Are Useful for Ethics Researchers?
278(1)
How Do You Use the Annotated Sources?
278(1)
2 Other Useful Authorities
278(1)
Do State Bar Associations Publish Ethics Opinions Similar to Those Prepared by the ABA?
279(1)
3 Research Process
279(1)
How Would You Research an Ethical Question?
279(1)
Can You Find State Ethical Rules on Westlaw and Lexis?
279(1)
Can Ethics Rules Be Validated?
280(1)
4 Sample Research Problem
280(3)
How Would You Cite an Ethics Rule Found in the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct?
281(1)
How Would You Cite an ABA Ethics Opinion?
281(1)
Chapter Summary
281(1)
Key Terms
282(1)
Exercises
282(1)
Chapter 13 Practitioner's Materials
283(8)
Chapter Overview
283(1)
A Forms
283(2)
Where Can Forms Be Found?
284(1)
B Other Practitioner's Materials
285(3)
1 Checklists
285(1)
Do Any Publications or Websites Contain Lists of What Steps You Should Follow to Complete a Project?
285(1)
2 Continuing Legal Education Materials
285(1)
Are CLE Materials Available Online?
286(1)
How Do You Find CLE Materials?
286(1)
3 Handbooks
286(1)
What Other Valuable Practitioner's Materials Are Available?
286(1)
4 Jury Instructions
286(1)
What Are Pattern Jury Instructions, and How Do They Differ from Other Jury Instructions?
286(1)
Do the Federal Courts Have Pattern Jury Instructions and Where Can They Be Found?
287(1)
What Type of Research Should Be Done Before You Draft Jury Instructions?
287(1)
5 Other Tools
287(5)
What Other Tools Might a Paralegal Use in Researching a Problem?
287(1)
How Do You Locate Lawyers and Law Firms in Other States or Within a State?
288(1)
Chapter Summary
288(1)
Key Terms
289(1)
Exercises
289(2)
Chapter 14 Research Strategy
291(18)
Chapter Overview
291(1)
A Define The Issues And Determine Area Of Law
292(1)
Where Do You Begin Your Research?
292(1)
B Refining Research
293(1)
How Do You Refine Your Research Strategy?
293(1)
C Diagramming The Research Process
294(3)
What Is the Purpose and Technique for Record Keeping?
294(3)
D Example Of Research Strategy
297(6)
1 How to Phrase the Issue If You Are Researching the Fur Labeling Problem
297(1)
2 First Steps
297(1)
3 What Sources to Consult and Why
298(1)
4 What to Do After Completing Your Research
298(1)
5 Combining Computerized Research Methods with Hard-Copy Method
299(1)
6 Using Online Services in the Fur Labeling Problem
300(12)
Summary Checklist
301(2)
Chapter Summary
303(1)
Key Terms
303(1)
Exercises
303(6)
Part 2: Legal Writing 309(224)
Chapter 15 Getting Ready To Write
311(10)
Chapter Overview
311(1)
A Writing Goals And How To Achieve Them
312(1)
How Do You Plan Your Communication and Revise It?
312(1)
B The Writing Process
312(6)
1 Preparing to Write: Purpose and Audience
313(2)
How Do You Complete the Research Process and Make the Transition to Writing?
313(1)
a Purpose
313(1)
What Is the Purpose of the Document?
313(1)
b Audience
314(1)
To Whom Are You Speaking?
314(1)
2 Drafting a Detailed Outline
315(1)
How Do You Organize Your Ideas?
315(1)
3 Revise for Readability
315(1)
4 Example of Process Writing Techniques
316(7)
Checklist
317(1)
Chapter Summary
318(1)
Key Terms
319(1)
Exercises
319(2)
Chapter 16 Clear Writing And Editing
321(12)
Chapter Overview
321(1)
A Purpose Of Editing
321(1)
B Process Of Editing
322(1)
C Specific Items To Review While Editing
323(6)
1 Diction
323(2)
What Is Diction?
323(1)
What Are Concrete Verbs?
323(2)
How Do You Avoid Legalese or Legal Speak?
325(1)
2 Voice
325(1)
What Is the Difference Between Active Voice and Passive Voice?
325(1)
3 Paragraphs
326(1)
4 Sentences
327(1)
5 Other Key Rules
327(7)
Revision Checklist
328(1)
Chapter Summary
329(1)
Key Terms
329(1)
Exercises
329(4)
Chapter 17 Writing Basics
333(14)
Chapter Overview
333(1)
A Punctuation
334(4)
1 Commas
334(1)
2 Special Comma Rules
335(1)
3 Semicolons
336(1)
4 Colons
336(1)
5 Parentheses
337(1)
6 Double Quotation Marks
337(1)
7 Single Quotation Marks
337(1)
8 Apostrophes
337(1)
B Modifiers
338(1)
C Parallel Construction
338(1)
D Subject And Verb Agreement
339(2)
E Run-On Sentences
341(1)
F Sentence Fragments
342(1)
G That And Which
343(1)
H Pronouns
343(1)
Chapter Summary
344(1)
Key Terms
344(1)
Exercises
345(2)
Chapter 18 Case Briefing And Analysis
347(40)
Chapter Overview
347(1)
A Purpose Of A Case Brief
348(1)
B Diagram Of A Decision
348(3)
C Anatomy Of A Case Brief
351(15)
1 Citation
351(2)
2 Procedural History
353(3)
3 Issues
356(2)
How Do You Determine the Legal Issue or Issues Presented When Examining a Client's Problem?
356(1)
How Do You Draft a Statement of the Issue or Issues?
356(2)
4 Holding
358(1)
How Do You Draft a Holding?
358(1)
5 Facts
359(3)
What Are the Relevant Facts?
359(1)
How Do You Organize Your Facts Statements?
360(2)
6 Reasoning
362(2)
7 Dicta
364(1)
8 Disposition
364(2)
In-Class Exercise
366(1)
D Case Analysis
366(14)
1 Sample Single Case Analysis
372(7)
2 Sample Analysis Using Two Cases
379(1)
Chapter Summary
380(1)
Key Terms
381(1)
Exercises
381(6)
Chapter 19 The Legal Memorandum
387(14)
Chapter Overview
387(1)
A The Legal Memorandum
388(1)
What Is an Objective Legal Memorandum and Why Is It Written?
388(1)
B Audience
388(1)
Who Reads a Memorandum?
388(1)
C Components Of A Memorandum
389(7)
What Is Included in a Memorandum?
389(2)
1 Heading
391(2)
2 Questions Presented or Issues
393(1)
3 Conclusion or Brief Answer
394(1)
What Is the Difference Between a Conclusion and a Brief Answer?
394(1)
4 Facts
395(1)
5 Discussion
396(1)
D Steps In Drafting A Memorandum
396(2)
What Steps Should You Take in Drafting a Memo?
396(1)
Checklist for Drafting a Memorandum
397(1)
1 Memo Drafting Tips
398(1)
Chapter Summary
398(1)
Key Terms
398(1)
Exercises
398(3)
Chapter 20 Questions Presented And Conclusions Or Brief Answers
401(14)
Chapter Overview
401(1)
A Questions Presented Or Issues
401(4)
Who Reads the Questions Presented Statement?
402(1)
1 First Draft
402(1)
What Are Legally Significant Facts?
403(1)
2 Research the Issue and Revise It
403(1)
3 Specificity and Precision
404(1)
B Brief Answers And Conclusions
405(4)
1 Brief Answers
405(1)
2 Conclusions
406(1)
How Is a Conclusion Different from a Brief Answer?
406(1)
3 Drafting Conclusions
406(3)
Chapter Summary
409(1)
Key Terms
409(1)
Exercises
409(6)
Chapter 21 Facts
415(22)
Chapter Overview
415(1)
A Facts Statement
416(3)
1 Defining Fact
416(1)
2 Legally Significant Facts
416(2)
What Facts Should Be Included in the Facts Statement?
416(2)
3 Fact Versus a Legal Conclusion
418(1)
4 Source of Information for a Facts Statement
419(1)
B Organizing The Facts Statement
419(6)
What Are the Different Methods of Organizing a Facts Statement?
419(1)
1 Chronological Organization
419(1)
2 Organization by Claim or Defense
420(1)
3 Organization by Party
421(1)
4 Combination of Chronological and Claim or Party Organization
422(3)
C Writing The Facts Statement
425(3)
1 Prepare a List of Facts and Preliminary Statement
425(2)
2 Research the Issue
427(1)
3 Revise to Include Only Legally Significant Facts
427(1)
4 Organize the Facts
428(1)
5 Rewrite the Facts Statement
428(1)
Chapter Summary
428(1)
Key Terms
429(1)
Exercises
429(8)
Chapter 22 The IRAC Method
437(18)
Chapter Overview
437(1)
A Purposes Of Irac
438(1)
What Is IRAC?
438(1)
B IRAC Components
438(6)
What Does an IRAC Paragraph Look Like?
438(2)
1 Issues
440(1)
What Is the Difference Between the Question Presented and the Issues in IRAC Paragraphs?
440(1)
2 Rules of Law
441(2)
Why Is Citation Important?
442(1)
3 Application of the Law to the Problem's Facts
443(1)
How Do You Use the Legally Significant Facts?
443(1)
4 Conclusion
444(1)
Chapter Summary
444(1)
Key Terms
445(1)
Exercises
445(10)
Chapter 23 Synthesizing Cases And Authorities
455(18)
Chapter Overview
455(1)
A Synthesis
456(1)
What Is the Process of Synthesizing Legal Rules?
456(1)
Why Do We Synthesize Legal Authority?
456(1)
B Types Of Synthesis
457(1)
What Are the Four Methods of Synthesizing Authority?
457(1)
C Step-By-Step Process To Synthesizing Legal Rules
458(1)
D Examples Of Case Synthesis
459(10)
How Do You Synthesize Two Sources of Statutory Authority?
467(1)
Checklist
468(1)
Chapter Summary
469(1)
Key Terms
469(1)
Exercises
469(4)
Chapter 24 Outlining And Organizing A Memorandum
473(32)
Chapter Overview
473(1)
A Purpose Of Outlining
474(1)
B Steps To Outlining
474(7)
1 Steps in Compiling a List of Legal Authorities
474(3)
2 Organize Issues
477(1)
What Steps Should You Follow in Preparing Your Outline of Each of the Issues?
478(1)
3 Draft a Thesis Paragraph
478(1)
4 Determine Which Element to Discuss First
479(1)
5 List Elements or Subissues
479(1)
6 Add Authority
480(1)
7 Refine Issues
480(1)
8 Arrange the Order of Elements
480(1)
9 Organize into IRAC Paragraph
480(1)
C Multi-Issue Memorandum
481(14)
How Do You Organize a Multi-Issue Memorandum?
481(12)
In-Class Exercise
493(2)
Chapter Summary
495(1)
Key Terms
495(1)
Exercises
496(9)
Chapter 25 Correspondence
505(28)
Chapter Overview
505(1)
A Basics Of Letter Writing
506(1)
What Formats Are Used?
506(1)
B Components Of A Letter
507(6)
1 Letterhead and Headers
507(2)
2 Date
509(1)
3 Method of Transmission
509(1)
4 Inside Address
509(1)
5 Reference Line
509(1)
6 Greeting
510(1)
7 Body of Letter
510(1)
8 Closing
511(1)
9 Copies to Others and Enclosures
512(1)
C Types Of Letters
513(13)
1 Confirming Letters
513(1)
2 Status Letters and Transaction Summary Letters
513(6)
3 Demand Letters
519(3)
4 Opinion Letters
522(1)
5 E-mail
523(1)
6 Social Media
524(2)
Checklist
526(1)
Chapter Summary
526(1)
Key Terms
527(1)
Exercises
527(6)
Appendix A: Citation 533(18)
Appendix B: Sample Memoranda 551(10)
Appendix C: Helpful Websites 561(10)
Index 571