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Legal Research and Writing Handbook: A Basic Approach for Paralegals [ Connected eBook with Study Center] 9th ed. [Minkštas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 642 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 254x178x33 mm, weight: 1134 g
  • Serija: Aspen Paralegal
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Jan-2022
  • Leidėjas: Aspen Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 1543826180
  • ISBN-13: 9781543826180
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Legal Research and Writing Handbook: A Basic Approach for Paralegals [ Connected eBook with Study Center] 9th ed.Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 642 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 254x178x33 mm, weight: 1134 g
  • Serija: Aspen Paralegal
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Jan-2022
  • Leidėjas: Aspen Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 1543826180
  • ISBN-13: 9781543826180
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781543826180.html
Raktažodžiai:
"Introductory textbook on legal writing and research for paralegal students"--

The Legal Research and Writing Handbook by Andrea B. Yelin and Hope Viner Samborn offers a time- tested introduction to the basics of this essential paralegal skill 

With clear explanations, examples, and visual aids, The Legal Research and Writing Handbook offers complete coverage of a complex subject in a student-friendly, accessible text.  In this thoroughly updated new edition, Yelin and Samborn continue to keep pace with legal research, citation, and technology in today’s law firms.  This practical text focuses on efficient research processes and techniques for both traditional and electronic sources, along with step-by-step instruction through each stage of the legal writing process, from prewriting strategies, to revising.  The authors provide in-depth coverage of the IRAC method, as well as how to write legal memoranda and legal correspondence.  Throughout, the text focuses on the practical skills paralegals need to know.   The text is enhanced with examples and visual aids, expert writing and practice tips, hands-on exercises, ethics alerts, up-to-date web resources, and easy-to-navigate page design.  Excellent exercises are provided to reinforce student learning.

New to the Ninth Edition:

  • Coverage of electronic resources is updated and expanded, reflecting how paralegals do research today. Includes new and expanded coverage of Online Topical Classifications Systems and Researching Statutes Online.
  • Thoroughly updated, with latest information on research sources and methods
  • Streamlined chapter on Research Strategy, focused on how paralegals conduct research today
  • New and refreshed exhibits
  • Revised exercises in each chapter

Professors and students will benefit from:

  • Thoughtful revision that reflects how paralegals do research today
  • Detailed discussion of how to use legal authorities in legal communications and how to synthesize them and present them to attorneys.
  • Exhibits, practical tips, updated exercises, and web resources in every chapter.
  • Excellent pedagogy for students includes Net Notes, Ethics Alerts, and Practice Pointers included throughout
  • Examples that provide useful models for students
  • Subheadings provide quick access to topics
  • Helpful appendix on Citation
List of Illustrations xxxi
Preface xxxv
Acknowledgments xxxvii
Part 1 Legal Research 1(322)
Chapter 1 Introduction To Legal Research And Writing
3(18)
Chapter Overview
3(1)
A Introduction To Legal Research And Writing
4(1)
1 The Role of the Paralegal in Legal Research and Writing
4(1)
Why Do Paralegals Perform Research?
4(1)
What Tasks Do Paralegals Handle in the Research and Writing Process?
4(1)
B Introduction To The U.S. Legal System
5(12)
1 The Organization of the Legal System
5(1)
How Did the Federal and State Systems Originate?
6(1)
2 Components of the Federal System and Governing Law
6(7)
a The Legislative Branch
6(1)
How Is Legislation Enacted?
7(1)
b The Executive Branch
7(3)
c The Judicial Branch
10(1)
Who Can Bring an Action in Federal Court?
11(1)
i The Dial Courts
11(1)
ii The Appellate Courts
12(1)
iii The Supreme Court
12(1)
3 Relationship Between Federal and State Governments
13(2)
Can a Federal Court Decide an Issue of State Law?
13(1)
What Effect Does a Federal Decision Have on State Law?
13(1)
Are Federal and State Agencies Part of One Governing Body?
13(2)
4 Organization of State Governments
15(7)
What Are the Duties of the State Courts?
16(1)
Carr State Courts Decide Issues of Federal Law?
16(1)
Chapter Summary
17(1)
Key Terms
17(1)
Exercises
17(4)
Chapter 2 Legal Authorities And How To Use Them
21(20)
Chapter Overview
21(1)
A Determination Of Governing Law
22(6)
1 Jurisdiction
22(1)
What Factors Determine Which Jurisdiction Governs Your Case?
22(1)
2 Precedent
22(1)
3 Hierarchy of Authorities
23(4)
a Currency
23(1)
b Levels of Court
24(1)
c Conflicting Decisions Between Circuits
25(1)
d State and Federal Decisions Concerning an Issue
26(1)
e Conflicts in Federal and State Authority
27(1)
f State Court Decisions
27(1)
4 Dicta
27(1)
B Types Of Legal Resources
28(5)
1 Primary Authority
28(3)
How Do You Determine Whether a Case Is Mandatory or Binding?
29(1)
When Is a Case or Statute Persuasive Authority?
29(1)
What Process Should You Undertake to Decide When to Use Persuasive Authority?
29(2)
2 Secondary Authority
31(1)
3 Finding Tools
32(1)
4 Hybrid Sources of Authority
33(1)
5 Nonlegal Sources
33(1)
C Use Of Authorities Or Sources In Your Legal Writing
33(1)
1 Essential Sources to Cite
33(1)
2 Valuable Sources to Cite
34(1)
3 Sources Never to Cite
34(1)
Checklist
34(1)
In-Class Exercise
35(1)
Chapter Summary
36(1)
Key Terms
37(1)
Exercises
37(4)
Chapter 3 Court Decisions
41(44)
Chapter Overview
41(1)
A Reporters
41(41)
1 Bench Opinions
42(1)
2 Slip Opinions
42(5)
a Supreme Court Slip Opinions
43(1)
b Other Slip Opinions
43(1)
How Are Pending or Unreported Opinions Such as Slip Opinions Cited in Memorandums to the Court or to Attorneys?
43(4)
3 Preliminary Prints
47(1)
4 Bound Reporters
47(28)
a U.S. Supreme Court Decisions
47(1)
What Happens If the Language of a Decision in the Commercial Reporters Varies from the Language in U.S. Reports?
48(1)
Is U.S. Supreme Court Docket Information Available without Charge on the Internet?
48(1)
Why Use the Commercial Reporters Rather Than the Official Reports?
57(1)
How Do You Locate a Reported Case?
62(1)
How Are U.S. Supreme Court Cases Cited?
62(2)
b Other Federal Case Reports
64(1)
Where Do You Find Decisions of Other Federal Courts?
64(1)
How Are Federal Reporter and Federal Supplement Decisions Cited?
74(1)
Are Decisions Published in Any Other Reporters?
75(1)
5 State Reporters
75(3)
Where Can You Find State Court Decisions?
75(1)
Are There Any Unofficial Reports of State Cases?
75(1)
Why Would You Use the Regional Reporter Rather Than the Official State Reporter?
76(1)
How Are State Cases Cited?
77(1)
6 Computerized Reporting
78(8)
Can You Find Decisions on the Internet and through Fee-Based Computer Services?
78(2)
What Free Resources Allow Researchers to Search for Federal and State Cases?
80(1)
How Do You Know Whether a Case Is Published or Available Online Only?
81(1)
How Are Decisions Reported Only on Westlaw or Lexis Cited?
81(1)
Chapter Summary
82(1)
Key Terms
83(1)
Exercises
83(2)
Chapter 4 Digests And Topical Classification Systems
85(26)
Chapter Overview
85(1)
A Content Of Digests And Online Topical Classification Systems Organization
86(6)
What Are Digests and Online Topical Classification Systems, and What Do They Contain?
86(1)
1 Headnotes and Key Numbers
86(1)
2 Types of Digests
87(2)
3 Organization of Digests and Online Topical Classification Systems
89(3)
How Are Digests and Online Topical Classification Systems Organized?
89(3)
B Guide To The Print Digest Systems
92(4)
How Do You Use a Digest System?
92(1)
1 Descriptive Word Index Method
92(2)
What Is the Descriptive Word Index Method?
92(2)
2 Topic Outline Method
94(1)
What Is the Topic Outline Method?
94(1)
3 One Good Case Method
94(2)
What Is the One Good Case Method?
94(2)
Once You Have a Relevant Topic or Key Number, What Comes Next?
96(1)
C Online Topical Classification System Research
96(11)
Can Topical Classification Systems Be Searched Online?
96(1)
1 Browse Topical Classifications
96(5)
How Do You Browse Topical Classifications Online?
96(5)
2 Words or Terms Search of Topical Classification Systems Online
101(1)
3 One Good Case Method Online
102(9)
What Is the One Good Case Method Online?
102(5)
Chapter Summary
107(1)
Key Terms
107(1)
Exercises
107(4)
Chapter 5 Validating
111(16)
Chapter Overview
111(1)
A Shepard's
111(7)
What Is a Citator?
111(1)
Why Use Shepard's?
112(1)
What Information Does Shepard's Provide for Researchers and How Do You Use Shepard's Online?
112(6)
B Keycite
118(5)
What Is the Difference Between Shepard's and KeyCite?
123(1)
Why Would You Use Both KeyCite and Shepard's?
123(1)
How Do I Access KeyCite?
123(1)
C Other Citators
123(1)
Chapter Summary
124(1)
Key Terms
125(1)
Exercises
125(2)
Chapter 6 Secondary Authority
127(40)
Chapter Overview
127(1)
A Secondary Authority: What It Is And Where To Find It
128(1)
What Is Secondary Authority?
128(1)
Why and When Do You Use a Secondary Source?
128(1)
What Are the Sources of Secondary Authority?
129(1)
B Dictionaries
129(3)
What Is a Legal Dictionary?
129(1)
When Would a Legal Dictionary Be Used?
129(1)
How Would You Cite to a Legal Dictionary?
130(1)
Are Legal Dictionaries Available Online?
130(2)
C Encyclopedias
132(10)
1 Generally
132(1)
What Is a Legal Encyclopedia?
132(1)
Why Would You Use an Encyclopedia?
132(1)
When Do You Cite an Encyclopedia as Authority?
132(1)
2 AmericanJurisprudence
133(7)
What Is Contained in American Jurisprudence?
133(7)
How Do You Use Am. Jur.?
140(1)
What Is the Citation Format for Am. Jur.?
140(1)
3 State Law Encyclopedias
140(2)
Are There Any Legal Encyclopedias for State Law?
140(2)
4 Online Encyclopedia Services
142(1)
Are Legal Encyclopedias Available on Lexis or Westlaw?
142(1)
D American Law Reports
142(8)
What Are American Law Reports?
142(1)
How Do You Use A.L.R.?
143(2)
Why Would You Use A.L.R.?
145(4)
How Do You Cite to an A.L.R. Annotation?
149(1)
How Do You Update an A.L.R. Annotation?
149(1)
Can A.L.R. Annotations Be Shepardized?
150(1)
E Treatises And Hornbooks
150(3)
What Are Treatises and Hornbooks?
150(1)
How Do You Find a Thorough Treatise or Hornbook?
150(1)
Which Treatises Are Most Noteworthy?
151(1)
Why Do You Use a Treatise?
151(1)
How Do You Use a Treatise or Hornbook?
151(1)
Are Treatises Ever Relied on as Authority?
152(1)
How Do You Cite to a Hornbook and a Treatise?
152(1)
Are Treatises Available Online?
152(1)
How Are Treatises and Hornbooks Updated?
152(1)
F Restatements Of The Law
153(4)
What Are Restatements?
153(1)
How Are the Restatements Updated?
153(1)
How Do You Use the Restatements?
153(3)
Can the Restatements Be Shepardized?
156(1)
Are the Restatements Available Online?
156(1)
How Are the Restatements Cited?
156(1)
G Uniform Laws
157(3)
Where Do You Find Uniform Laws?
157(2)
How Do You Update a Uniform Law?
159(1)
How Do You Validate a Uniform Law?
159(1)
How Do You Cite a Uniform Law?
160(1)
H Legal Periodicals
160(2)
What Are Legal Periodicals?
160(1)
Why Would You Use a Legal Periodical?
160(1)
How Do You Obtain Relevant Legal Periodical Articles?
161(1)
Are Legal Periodicals Available on Lexis and Westlaw?
162(1)
How Do You Cite to a Law Review or Law Journal?
162(1)
What Is a Blog?
162(1)
Chapter Summary
162(1)
Key Terms
163(1)
Exercises
163(4)
Chapter 7 Constitutions And Statutes
167(42)
Chapter Overview
167(1)
A Constitutions
168(4)
What Is a Constitution?
168(1)
What Is the Relationship Between the Federal Constitution and the State Constitutions?
168(1)
Who Determines Whether a Statute Violates the U.S. Constitution?
168(1)
Can Federal and State Constitutions Be Validated?
168(2)
Where Are Federal and State Constitutions Found?
170(1)
How Do You Cite Federal or State Constitutions?
171(1)
Are Constitutions Available on Lexis and Westlaw?
172(1)
Are There Any Hardcopy Digests or Other Finding Tools That Assist with Researching Federal Constitutional Issues?
172(1)
B Statutes
172(33)
What Are Statutes?
172(1)
1 The Legislative Process
173(7)
How Is a Statute Created Through the Federal Legislative Process?
173(1)
What Are Slip Laws?
174(1)
What Are Session Laws?
174(1)
What Are the Statutes at Large?
175(1)
What Is Codification?
175(5)
2 Reading and Understanding Statutes
180(8)
How Do You Read a Statute?
180(7)
What Type of Legal Authority Are Statutes?
187(1)
What Is the Relationship Between Statutes and Case Law?
188(1)
3 How to Find Federal Statutes
188(9)
Where Are Federal Statutes Found?
188(1)
How Often Is the U.S.C. Updated?
189(1)
Is the U.S.C. the Only Codified Version of the Federal Statutes?
189(1)
What Do the Unofficial Codes Contain?
189(1)
Is There Any Difference Between the U.S.C.S. and the U.S.C.A.?
190(1)
Why Would You Use an Annotated Set of the U.S.C.?
190(1)
How Useful Are Annotated Statutes as Finding Tools?
191(1)
What Are the Research Methods Used to Find Relevant Statutes?
191(5)
How Do You Cite Federal Statutes?
196(1)
4 Validating and Updating Statutes
197(4)
How and Why Would You Validate Federal Statutes?
197(3)
How Do You Update Statutes?
200(1)
5 How to Find State Statutes
201(3)
How Does State Statutory Research Compare with Federal Statutory Research?
201(3)
How Can You Tell Whether a State Code Is the Official or the Unofficial Statutory Compilation?
204(1)
6 Researching Statutes Online
204(5)
What Are the Features of Online Statutes?
204(1)
a United States Code
204(1)
b State Statutes
205(1)
Chapter Summary
205(1)
Key Terms
205(1)
Exercises
206(3)
Chapter 8 Legislative History
209(14)
Chapter Overview
209(1)
A Legislative Information
209(3)
1 Finding the Text of Pending Legislation
210(1)
2 Tracking Pending Legislation
211(1)
B Legislative Histories
212(10)
Where Do You Find Copies of Public Laws?
212(1)
How Do You Research Legislative Histories of Laws That Are Already Enacted?
212(1)
How Do You Use U.S.C.C.A.N. in Conjunction with the U.S.C.A.?
213(4)
What Are Other Ways to Find Relevant Legislative History in U.S.C.C.A.N.?
217(1)
Is Legislative History Primary Authority?
217(1)
How Do You Cite Legislative History Found in U.S.C.C.A.N.?
217(1)
How Do You Cite to a Legislative History of a Statute?
217(1)
What Are Some Other Sources of Legislative Information?
218(1)
How Do You Research State Legislative Histories?
218(1)
What Additional Sources for Legislative Information Are Available?
219(3)
Chapter Summary
222(1)
Key Terms
222(1)
Exercises
222(1)
Chapter 9 Administrative Materials And Looseleaf Services
223(28)
Chapter Overview
223(1)
A Introduction
224(1)
What Is Administrative Law?
224(1)
How Can Administrative Agencies Create Law When This Is the Job of Congress?
224(1)
How Do Administrative Agencies Operate?
224(1)
B Regulations
225(1)
How Are Regulations Adopted?
225(1)
What Type of Authority Is an Administrative Regulation or Rule?
225(1)
C Finding Administrative Law
225(19)
1 Generally
225(3)
Where Do You Find Federal Administrative Law?
225(3)
Where Do You Find State Administrative Law?
228(1)
2 Specific Sources
228(16)
a Federal Register
228(1)
How Do You Search the Federal Register?
229(1)
How Can You Use Lexis and Westlaw to Retrieve the Federal Register?
234(1)
How Do You Use the Federal Register in Print?
234(1)
b Code of Federal Regulations
234(1)
How Often Is the C.F.R. Updated?
235(1)
How Do You Use the C.F.R.?
235(1)
When and Why Would You Use Old Regulations?
238(1)
How Do You Update and Validate Regulations?
238(1)
How Is the Updating Performed in Practice?
239(1)
How Do You Validate, Shepardize, or KeyCite a C.F.R. Citation?
244(1)
How Are the C.F.R. and the Federal Register Cited?
244(1)
D Decisions
244(2)
What Else Do Administrative Agencies Do?
244(1)
What Kind of Authority Are Administrative Decisions?
245(1)
Can Administrative Agency Decisions Be Shepardized or Checked on KeyCite?
245(1)
Other Than the Agency Itself, Where Can You Find Administrative Agency Decisions?
246(1)
E Looseleaf Services
246(1)
What Are Looseleaf Services?
246(1)
What Type of Authority Are Looseleaf Services?
246(1)
Researching Administrative Law: Summary
247(1)
Chapter Summary
247(1)
Key Terms
248(1)
Exercises
248(3)
Chapter 10 Commercial Databases
251(26)
Chapter Overview
251(2)
A Introduction
253(3)
What Are the Benefits of Using Online Legal Research Systems?
254(1)
What Are the Major Disadvantages of Using Online Legal Research Systems?
254(2)
1 Uses for Lexis, Westlaw, and Bloomberg Law
255(1)
2 Additional Features
255(1)
B Searching With Online Legal Research Systems
256(16)
1 General Overview
256(2)
2 The Basics
258(1)
How Can You Filter the Information?
258(1)
3 Search Formulation
259(5)
What Is a Search or Query?
259(1)
a Connectors
260(1)
b Quotations
262(1)
c Plurals
262(1)
d Irregular Plurals
263(1)
e Hyphenated Words
263(1)
f Noise Words or Articles
263(1)
g Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Other Terms
263(1)
4 Other Ways to Restrict Your Search to Retrieve On-Point Information
264(3)
a Date and Court Restrictors
264(1)
b Other Restrictors
265(1)
c Fields
265(1)
Why Does Integrating Traditional and Computerized Resources Result in the Most Effective Computerized Legal Research?
265(2)
5 Retrieving the Results of Your Research
267(1)
Are There Any Other Ways to Retrieve Documents?
267(1)
6 Point-and-Click Enhancements
267(1)
7 Additional Features on Lexis and Westlaw
268(1)
8 Comparing Lexis and Westlaw
269(9)
a Differences between Lexis and Westlaw
269(1)
b Similarities between Lexis and Westlaw
270(1)
How Do You Use the Computer Most Efficiently?
271(1)
How Do You Cite to Cases Retrieved on Lexis and Westlaw?
271(1)
How Do You Cite a Decision Reported on Lexis?
271(1)
How Do You Indicate a Page or Screen Number for the Case?
271(1)
What Are the Other Sites for Computerized Legal Research?
272(1)
Chapter Summary
272(1)
Key Terms
273(1)
Exercises
273(4)
Chapter 11 Practice Rules
277(10)
Chapter Overview
277(1)
A Overview Of Rules Of Practice
278(2)
What Are Rules of Practice?
278(1)
What Rules Govern Procedures in the Federal Courts?
278(1)
Do the Federal Rules Control Proceedings in State Courts?
278(1)
What Federal Courts Follow the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure?
278(1)
Are the Federal Trial Courts Governed by Any Other Rules?
278(1)
What Rules of Procedure Do Federal Appellate Courts Follow?
279(1)
What Rules Govern Practice Before the U.S. Supreme Court?
279(1)
B Researching Rules Of Practice
280(3)
1 Sources
280(1)
Where Do You Find These Rules? Are the Federal Rules Available Online?
280(1)
2 Steps in Researching Rules and Court Decisions
281(2)
How Do You Research a Federal Rule?
281(1)
How Do You Find Cases or Secondary Authorities That Interpret and Explain the Federal Rules?
281(1)
What Sources Are Available to Help Interpret These Rules?
282(1)
How Would You Cite the Various Federal Rules?
282(1)
How Would You Cite a Decision Contained in the Federal Rules Decisions?
283(1)
C State Rules Of Practice
283(1)
What Rules Control the Conduct of State Proceedings?
283(1)
Where Would You Find State Rules and Local Rules for State Courts?
283(1)
Are Annotations for State Rules Available?
284(1)
Are There Any Significant State Rule Treatises or Secondary Authorities?
284(1)
D Ensuring Currency
284(1)
How Do You Ensure That You Are Reviewing the Most Current Version of the Rule?
284(1)
Can State Rules Be Shepardized?
284(1)
Chapter Summary
284(1)
Key Terms
285(1)
Exercises
285(2)
Chapter 12 Ethical Rules
287(8)
Chapter Overview
287(1)
A Rules Of Professional Responsibility
287(2)
Is There a National Code of Ethics for Attorneys or Paralegals?
288(1)
What Type of Authority Are These State Rules of Attorney Conduct and Cases That Interpret These Rules?
289(1)
When Would You Review the Rules for Ethical Conduct and the Applicable Cases?
289(1)
B Researching Ethical Questions
289(4)
1 Primary Sources and Annotated Sources
289(1)
What Is the Value of an Annotated Source for the Rules and Codes?
289(1)
Where Can You Find the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct?
290(1)
What Other Secondary Sources Are Useful for Ethics Researchers?
290(1)
How Do You Use the Annotated Sources?
290(1)
2 Other Useful Authorities
290(1)
Do State Bar Associations Publish Ethics Opinions Similar to Those Prepared by the ABA?
291(1)
3 Research Process
291(1)
How Would You Research an Ethical Question?
291(1)
Can You Find State Ethical Rules and Opinions on Westlaw and Lexis?
291(1)
Can Ethics Rules Be Validated?
292(1)
4 Sample Research Problem
292(4)
How Would You Cite an Ethics Rule Found in the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct?
292(1)
How Would You Cite an ABA Ethics Opinion?
293(1)
Chapter Summary
293(1)
Key Terms
293(1)
Exercises
294(1)
Chapter 13 Practitioner's Materials
295(8)
Chapter Overview
295(1)
A Forms
296(1)
Where Can Forms Be Found?
296(1)
B Other Practitioner's Materials
297(4)
1 Checklists
297(1)
Do Any Publications or Websites Contain Lists of What Steps You Should Follow to Complete a Project?
297(1)
2 Continuing Legal Education Materials
297(1)
Are CLE Materials Available Online?
298(1)
3 Handbooks
298(1)
What Other Valuable Practitioner's Materials Are Available?
298(1)
4 Jury Instructions
298(1)
What Are Pattern Jury Instructions, and How Do They Differ from Other Jury Instructions?
298(1)
Do the Federal Courts Have Pattern Jury Instructions and Where Can They Be Found?
299(1)
What Type of Research Should Be Done Before You Draft Jury Instructions?
299(1)
5 Briefs, Docket Information, Oral Argument Transcripts, or Recordings
299(1)
6 Other Tools
300(5)
What Other Tools Might a Paralegal Use in Researching a Problem?
300(1)
How Do You Locate Lawyers and Law Firms in Other States or Within a State?
300(1)
Chapter Summary
301(1)
Key Terms
301(1)
Exercises
302(1)
Chapter 14 Research Strategy
303(20)
Chapter Overview
304(1)
A Question: Define The Issues And Determine Area Of Law
305(2)
Where Do You Begin Your Research?
305(2)
1 Question
305(1)
2 Learn
305(2)
B Find The Authority
307(3)
How Do You Find Authority?
307(3)
1 Evaluate
308(1)
2 Update and Validate
308(1)
3 Record and Cite
309(1)
4 Complete Your Research
310(1)
C Example Of Research Strategy
310(4)
1 Question
310(1)
2 Learn
311(1)
3 Find
312(1)
4 Evaluate
312(1)
5 Update and Validate
313(1)
6 Record Keeping and Note Taking
313(1)
7 Complete Your Research
313(13)
What to Do After Completing Your Research
313(1)
Summary Checklist
314(2)
Chapter Summary
316(1)
Key Terms
316(1)
Exercises
317(6)
Part 2 Legal Writing 323(234)
Chapter 15 Getting Ready To Write
325(12)
Chapter Overview
325(1)
A Writing Goals And How To Achieve Them
326(1)
How Do You Plan Your Communication and Revise It?
326(1)
B The Writing Process
326(7)
1 Preparing to Write: Purpose and Audience
326(3)
How Do You Complete the Research Process and Make the Transition to Writing?
326(1)
a Purpose
327(1)
What Is the Purpose of the Document?
327(1)
b Audience
328(1)
To Whom Are You Speaking?
328(1)
2 Drafting a Detailed Outline
329(1)
How Do You Organize Your Ideas?
329(1)
3 Revise for Readability
329(1)
4 Example of Process Writing Techniques
330(9)
Checklist to Get Ready to Write
332(1)
Checkpoints
332(1)
Chapter Summary
333(1)
Key Terms
333(1)
Exercises
334(3)
Chapter 16 Clear Writing And Editing
337(12)
Chapter Overview
337(1)
A Purpose Of Editing
337(1)
B Process Of Editing
338(1)
C Specific Items To Review While Editing
339(6)
1 Diction
339(2)
What Is Diction?
339(1)
What Are Concrete Verbs?
339(2)
How Do You Avoid Legalese or Legal Speak?
341(1)
2 Voice
341(2)
What Is the Difference Between Active Voice and Passive Voice?
342(1)
3 Paragraphs
343(1)
4 Sentences
343(1)
5 Other Key Rules
343(7)
Revision Checklist
344(1)
Chapter Summary
345(1)
Key Terms
345(1)
Exercises
345(4)
Chapter 17 Writing Basics
349(16)
Chapter Overview
349(1)
A Punctuation
350(4)
1 Commas
350(1)
2 Special Comma Rules
351(1)
3 Semicolons
352(1)
4 Colons
352(1)
5 Parentheses
353(1)
6 Double Quotation Marks
353(1)
7 Single Quotation Marks
353(1)
8 Apostrophes
354(1)
B Modifiers
354(1)
C Parallel Construction
355(1)
D Subject And Verb Agreement
355(3)
E Run-On Sentences
358(1)
F Sentence Fragments
358(1)
G That And Which
359(1)
H Pronouns
359(1)
Chapter Summary
360(1)
Key Terms
361(1)
Exercises
361(4)
Chapter 18 Case Briefing And Analysis
365(40)
Chapter Overview
365(1)
A Purpose Of A Case Brief
366(1)
B Diagram Of A Decision
366(3)
C Anatomy Of A Case Brief
369(18)
1 Citation
369(2)
2 Procedural History
371(2)
3 Issues
373(2)
How Do You Determine the Legal Issue or Issues Presented When Examining a Client's Problem?
374(1)
How Do You Draft a Statement of the Issue or Issues?
374(1)
4 Holding
375(2)
How Do You Draft a Holding?
376(1)
5 Facts
377(3)
What Are the Relevant Facts?
377(1)
How Do You Organize Your Facts Statement?
378(2)
6 Reasoning
380(2)
7 Dicta
382(1)
8 Disposition
382(5)
D Case Analysis
387(10)
1 Sample Single Case Analysis
388(7)
2 Sample Analysis Using Two Cases
395(2)
Chapter Summary
397(1)
Key Terms
397(1)
Exercises
398(7)
Chapter 19 The Legal Memorandum
405(14)
Chapter Overview
405(1)
A The Legal Memorandum
406(1)
What Is an Objective Legal Memorandum and Why Is It Written?
406(1)
B Audience
407(1)
Who Reads a Memorandum?
407(1)
C Components Of A Memorandum
407(8)
What Is Included in a Memorandum?
407(6)
1 Heading
412(1)
2 Questions Presented or Issues
412(1)
3 Conclusion or Brief Answer
413(1)
What Is the Difference Between a Conclusion and a Brief Answer?
413(2)
4 Facts
414(1)
5 Discussion
415(1)
D Steps In Drafting A Memorandum
415(1)
What Steps Should You Take in Drafting a Memo?
415(1)
E Memo Drafting Tips
416(1)
Checklist for Drafting a Memorandum
416(1)
Chapter Summary
417(1)
Key Terms
417(1)
Exercises
418(1)
Chapter 20 Questions Presented And Conclusions Or Brief Answers
419(16)
Chapter Overview
419(1)
A Questions Presented Or Issues
419(4)
Who Reads the Questions Presented Statement?
420(1)
1 First Draft
420(1)
What Are Legally Significant Facts?
421(2)
2 Research the Issue and Revise It
421(1)
3 Specificity and Precision
422(1)
B Brief Answers And Conclusions
423(4)
1 Brief Answers
423(1)
2 Conclusions
424(1)
How Is a Conclusion Different from a Brief Answer?
424(1)
3 Drafting Conclusions
425(2)
Chapter Summary
427(1)
Key Terms
427(1)
Exercises
427(8)
Chapter 21 Facts
435(24)
Chapter Overview
435(1)
A Facts Statement
436(4)
1 Defining Fact
436(1)
2 Legally Significant Facts
436(2)
What Facts Should Be Included in the Facts Statement?
436(2)
3 Fact Versus a Legal Conclusion
438(1)
4 Source of Information for a Facts Statement
439(1)
B Organizing The Facts Statement
440(5)
What Are the Different Methods of Organizing a Facts Statement?
440(5)
1 Chronological Organization
440(1)
2 Organization by Claim or Defense
441(1)
3 Organization by Party
442(1)
4 Combination of Chronological and Claim or Party Organization
443(2)
C Writing The Facts Statement
445(4)
1 Prepare a List of Facts and Preliminary Statement
445(2)
2 Research the Issue
447(1)
3 Revise to Include Only Legally Significant Facts
447(1)
4 Organize the Facts
448(1)
5 Rewrite the Facts Statement
448(1)
Chapter Summary
449(1)
Key Terms
449(1)
Exercises
449(10)
Chapter 22 The IRAC Method
459(20)
Chapter Overview
459(1)
A Purposes Of IRAC
460(1)
What Is IRAC?
460(1)
B IRAC Components
460(7)
What Does an IRAC Paragraph Look Like?
460(2)
1 Issues
462(1)
What Is the Difference Between the Question Presented and the Issues in IRAC Paragraphs?
462(2)
2 Rules of Law
463(1)
Why Is Citation Important?
464(1)
3 Application of the Law to the Problem's Facts
465(1)
How Do You Use the Legally Significant Facts?
465(1)
4 Conclusion
466(1)
Checkpoints for Following the IRAC Format
466(1)
Chapter Summary
467(1)
Key Terms
467(1)
Exercises
467(12)
Chapter 23 Synthesizing Cases And Authorities
479(20)
Chapter Overview
479(1)
A Synthesis
480(1)
What Is the Process of Synthesizing Legal Rules?
480(1)
Why Do We Synthesize Legal Authority?
480(1)
B Types Of Synthesis
481(1)
What Are the Four Methods of Synthesizing Authority?
481(1)
C Step-By-Step Process To Synthesizing Legal Rules
482(1)
D Examples Of Case Synthesis
483(10)
What Is the Process to Synthesize the Rules?
485(2)
What Is the Difference Between a Rule and a Holding?
487(1)
How Do You Synthesize Statutes and Cases?
487(4)
How Do You Synthesize Two Sources of Statutory Authority?
491(1)
Checklist to Synthesize Authorities
492(1)
Chapter Summary
493(1)
Key Terms
493(1)
Exercises
493(6)
Chapter 24 Outlining And Organizing A Memorandum
499(28)
Chapter Overview
499(1)
A Purpose Of Outlining
500(1)
B Steps To Outlining
500(7)
1 Steps in Compiling a List of Legal Authorities
500(4)
2 Organize Issues
504(1)
What Steps Should You Follow in Preparing Your Outline of Each of the Issues?
504(1)
3 Draft a Thesis Paragraph
504(2)
4 Determine Which Element to Discuss First
506(1)
5 List Elements or Subissues
506(1)
6 Add Authority
506(1)
7 Refine Issues
507(1)
8 Arrange the Order of Elements
507(1)
9 Organize into IRAC Paragraph
507(1)
C Multi-Issue Memorandum
507(15)
How Do You Organize a Multi-Issue Memorandum?
508(14)
Chapter Summary
522(1)
Key Terms
523(1)
Exercises
523(4)
Chapter 25 Correspondence
527(30)
Chapter Overview
527(1)
A Basics Of Letter Writing
528(1)
What Formats Are Used?
528(1)
B Components Of A Letter
529(6)
1 Letterhead and Headers
529(2)
2 Date
531(1)
3 Method of Transmission
531(1)
4 Inside Address
531(1)
5 Reference Line
531(1)
6 Greeting
532(1)
7 Body of Letter
532(1)
8 Closing
533(1)
9 Copies to Others and Enclosures
534(1)
C Types Of Letters
535(16)
1 Confirming Letters
535(1)
2 Status Letters and Transaction Summary Letters
536(6)
3 Demand Letters
542(2)
4 Opinion Letters
544(1)
5 E-mail
545(3)
How Do You Draft Subject Lines for E-mail?
547(1)
6 Social Media
548(1)
7 Texting
549(2)
Checklist
551(1)
Chapter Summary
551(1)
Key Terms
552(1)
Exercises
552(5)
Appendix: Citation 557(20)
Index 577