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Liberating the Mind: Overcoming Sociocentric Thought and Egocentric Tendencies [Minkštas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 256 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 228x152x15 mm, weight: 404 g, 20 Color Illustrations, 40 Color Photos
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Oct-2022
  • Leidėjas: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  • ISBN-10: 1538174146
  • ISBN-13: 9781538174142
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Liberating the Mind: Overcoming Sociocentric Thought and Egocentric TendenciesDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 256 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 228x152x15 mm, weight: 404 g, 20 Color Illustrations, 40 Color Photos
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Oct-2022
  • Leidėjas: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  • ISBN-10: 1538174146
  • ISBN-13: 9781538174142
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781538174142.html
Raktažodžiai:
Throughout history, thinkers within every part of society have been crippled by an ingrained bias toward their own views and the views of their preferred social groups. As these dangerous egocentric and sociocentric tendencies continue to pose the greatest threat to the advancement of rational societies, Liberating the Mind reveals a way forward.

Dissecting the core of how humans naturally learn, think, and choose to act, internationally recognized critical thinking leader Linda Elder illuminates root causes of dysfunctional thought and shows us how to free ourselves from both selfishness and groupthink through explicit tools of rationality. This instant intellectual classic offers a cohesive, integrated theory of mind that takes into account pathological tendencies shared by all humans, while offering a clear path toward the cultivation of fairminded critical thinking throughout the world. Elder illuminates how, by taking the intrinsic problems in our thinking seriously, we can follow the example of Socrates and live the examined life, even in times of upheaval and doubt.

Recenzijos

Sociocentrism is a useful concept, embracing a host of ways in which we fail to give sufficient weight to the interests of those beyond the borders of our own group. I hope this book will stimulate readers to think critically about their sociocentric prejudices. -- Peter Singer, philosopher and author of Animal Liberation and Ethics into Action In this bracing book, Linda Elder delineates the destructive power of in-group bias and the inability to see the world from other points of view. A practical tool for those looking to free their minds. -- Doug Merlino, author of The Hustle Thinking for ourselves may be the most difficult and courageous thing that we can learn to do. Liberating the Mind is the best guide Ive read on that topic. -- Ethan Watters, author of Crazy Like Us

Preface: Commanding The Dark Side Within x
Acknowledgments xiv
Chapter One The Problem Of Sociocentrism
3(52)
Sociocentric Thought Should Be Distinguished from Sociological Thought
7(2)
Humans Are Influenced by Groups within Groups
9(2)
Primary Forms of Sociocentric Thought
11(36)
The Logic of Groupishness
13(4)
The Logic of Group Validation
17(4)
Many Group-Validated Beliefs Are Dangerous
21(4)
The Logic of Group Control; the Logic of Conformity
25(1)
Groups Impose Ideologies on Group Members
26(4)
People Tend to Blindly Conform to Group Rules and Groupthink
30(5)
Group Conformity Is Often Dangerous
35(4)
Dissenters Are Frequently Punished
39(5)
Groupishness, Group Validation, Group Control, and Group Conformity Interconnect and Interact
44(3)
Some Historical Notes on Sociocentric Thinking
47(6)
Concepts in Natural Languages That Imply Sociocentric Thinking or Its Opposite
53(2)
Chapter Two Manifestations Of Sociocentric Thought Inhuman Societies
55(41)
Mass Media Shape and Are Shaped by Sociocentric Thinking
55(2)
Unbridled Global Capitalism Is a Powerful Sociocentric Force in Human Life
57(8)
Schooling Is a Prevailing Sociocentric Agent
65(7)
Speciescentrism Is a Dangerous Form of Sociocentrism
72(6)
Many Studies Illuminate Problems Implicit in Sociocentric Thinking
78(7)
Sociocentric Thought in Academic Disciplines and in the Professions
85(11)
Case Notes: Psychology and Psychiatry Often Foster Sociocentric Thought
89(7)
Chapter Three Sociocentric And Other Irrational Uses Of Language
96(15)
The Mind Naturally Generates Concepts and Perspectives That Serve Its Interests
100(3)
Humans Often Distort Reality through Irrational Lenses
103(3)
People Often Have Trouble Seeing through Ideological Uses of Words
106(2)
People Frequently Use Inappropriate Analogies to Serve Sociocentric Interests
108(3)
Chapter Four Sociocentric Counterfeits Of Ethical Reasoning
111(20)
It Is Essential to Distinguish among Questions of Ethics, Social Conventions, Religion, and the Law
112(1)
Ethics versus Religion
113(2)
Ethics versus Political Ideology
115(2)
Ethics versus the Law
117(3)
Overturning Unethical Laws Is Often Difficult Due to Groupthink
118(2)
Ethics versus Social Conventions
120(9)
Social Mores Vary across Cultures
121(2)
Taboos Are Prevalent in Human Societies
123(6)
Some Acts Are Unethical in and of Themselves
129(2)
Chapter Five Sociocentric Thinking And Egocentric Thinking In Interrelationship
131(30)
The Human Mind Is Frequently Irrational while Having the Capacity for Rational Thought
132(1)
Humans Are Frequently Egocentric
133(1)
Two Primary Tendencies of Egocentric Thought
134(1)
Sociocentricity Can Be Directly Linked to Egocentric Thought
134(2)
Distinguishing Rational from Egocentric and Sociocentric Thoughts
136(1)
Self-Deception Plays a Primary Role in Sociocentric Thought
137(4)
Many Complex Relationships Exist between and Among Egocentric, Sociocentric, and Rational Thought
141(1)
The Human Mind
142(3)
Sociocentric Thought Can Be More Dangerous Than Egocentric Thought
145(1)
Convincing Parallels between Egocentric and Sociocentric Thought
146(12)
Egocentric Dominating and Submissive Tendencies Are Often Transformed into Sociocentric Domination and Submission
146(3)
People Often Use Egocentric Standards for Determining What to Believe
149(1)
Sociocentric Standards for Determining What to Believe Are Linked with Egocentric Standards
150(1)
Piaget's Insights on Egocentricity Can Be Linked to Sociocentric Thought
151(2)
Sociocentric Pathological Tendencies Are Common in Human Life
153(1)
Sociocentric Pathological Tendencies Can Be Challenged
154(2)
Groups Routinely Use Sociocentric Defense Mechanisms
156(2)
Intrinsic Cognitive Processes Can Serve Rational, Egocentric, or Sociocentric Agendas
158(3)
Chapter Six Envisioning Critical Societies
161(40)
Cultivating Critical Thinking Is the Key to Fairminded Critical Societies
161(2)
Critical Thinking Is Largely Ignored in Today's Societies
163(1)
20 Barriers to Critical Societies
164(1)
Critical Societies Support Maximum Freedoms
165(4)
Critical Societies Encourage Intellectual Autonomy and Responsibility
169(1)
Critical Societies Entail the Following Six Hallmarks
170(3)
Conceptualizing Everyday Ways of Thinking in Critical Societies
173(3)
Using the Tools of Critical Thinking to Emancipate the Mind
176(3)
Why Critical Thinking?
177(2)
The Figuring Mind
179(2)
Why the Analysis of Critical Thinking Is Important
180(1)
All Thinking Is Defined by the Eight Elements That Make It Up
180(1)
The Elements of Thought and Questions They Imply
181(1)
To Evaluate Thinking We Must Understand and Apply Intellectual Standards
182(3)
Critical Thinkers Routinely Apply Intellectual Standards to the Elements of Reasoning in Order to Develop Intellectual Virtues
184(1)
Critical Thinkers Commit Themselves to the Development of Intellectual Virtues
185(1)
Essential Intellectual Traits
186(2)
The Mind's Three Distinctive Functions
188(4)
Conclusion: Some Elements of Critical Societies Can Be Found Throughout Human History
192(9)
Afterword 201(2)
Richard Paul
References 203(8)
Image Sources 211(4)
Appendix A Some Basic Definitions 215(10)
Appendix B The Logic Of Sociocentric Thought 225(6)
Index 231(7)
About The Author 238
Dr. Linda Elder is an educational psychologist and internationally recognized authority on critical thinking who has taught both psychology and critical thinking at the college level. She has been president of the Foundation for Critical Thinking and the executive director of the Center for Critical Thinking for 25 years. She has a special interest in the relation of thought and emotion, as well as the cognitive and affective and has developed an original theory of the stages of critical thinking development. Elder has coauthored four books on critical thinking, as well as all 23 titles found in the Thinker's Guide Library.