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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (3) |
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2 We Are Running Out of Time |
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7 | (8) |
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But It Ain't over Until the Fat Lady Sings |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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3 When the World Ran on Wood |
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15 | (6) |
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Forests and the Rise and Fall of Civilizations |
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15 | (1) |
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Transportation in Wood World |
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16 | (1) |
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Land and Forests Restricted the Size of Cities |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (3) |
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4 We Are Alive Thanks to Fossil-Fueled Fertilizer |
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21 | (6) |
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Natural Gas Fertilizer and the Population Explosion from 1.6 to 7.8 Billion People |
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21 | (2) |
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Fertilizer Harms the Land and Atmosphere |
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23 | (1) |
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What Could Replace Fertilizer? The Dirt on Dirt |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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5 Without Transportation, Civilization Ends |
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27 | (4) |
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Wood World Horses Are Now Fossil World Diesel Engines and Gas Turbine Machines |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Since Diesel Is Finite, We Need to Replace It with Something Else |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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6 What Fuels Could Replace Diesel? |
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31 | (10) |
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Wanted: A Renewable Commercial Fuel for Existing Engines and Infrastructure |
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31 | (1) |
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Non-renewable Commercial Liquefied Coal |
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32 | (1) |
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Nonrenewable Compressed Natural Gas or Liquefied Natural Gas |
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33 | (1) |
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Peak Natural Gas in the US |
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34 | (1) |
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Nonrenewable Noncommercial Exploding Hydrogen |
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34 | (3) |
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Ammonia and Power-to-Gas (P2G) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Renewable and Commercial Biodiesel |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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7 Why Not Electrify Commercial Transportation with Batteries? |
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41 | (6) |
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When It Comes to Diesel, Electric Cars Are Irrelevant |
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41 | (1) |
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The Heavy Lift to Improve Transportation Batteries |
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41 | (1) |
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Batteries Have a Weight Problem |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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But What about the Tesla Semitruck? |
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44 | (1) |
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Off-Road Trucks Are Off-the-Grid |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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8 Catenary Electric Trucks Running on Overhead Wires |
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47 | (4) |
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47 | (1) |
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A Catenary System Would Cost a Truckload of Money |
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48 | (1) |
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Dual Propulsion Doubles to Triples the Cost |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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9 Manufacturing Uses Over Half of AH Fossil Energy |
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51 | (14) |
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Industrial Fossil-Fueled High Heat Makes Cement, Steel, Roads, Bridges, Dams, and Buildings |
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53 | (1) |
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Renewable High Heat must be Reliable |
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54 | (1) |
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There Is No Way to Store High Heat |
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55 | (1) |
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Electrifying Manufacturing |
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56 | (1) |
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Manufacturers Have to Move Next to a Thermal Heat Source If It Can Not Be Stored |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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Power2gas Aka Power-to-Methane |
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59 | (1) |
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That Leaves Biomass, Once Again, as Our Post-carbon Savior |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (4) |
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10 What Alternatives Can Replace Fossil-Fueled Electricity Generation? |
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65 | (10) |
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Power Players: Job Applicants to Replace Fossil-Fuel Generated Electricity |
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66 | (2) |
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That Leaves Photovoltaic Solar and Onshore Wind to Save the Day |
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68 | (1) |
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Wind Turbines and Solar Panels Are REBUILDABLE, Not RENEWABLE |
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68 | (1) |
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There Is Not Time, Energy, or Materials to Make So Many Rebuildable Contraptions |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (4) |
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11 Energy Storage: Excess Electricity from Solar and Wind Must Be Stored |
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75 | (6) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Energy Storage with Electrochemical Batteries |
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77 | (1) |
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Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Gas Turbines |
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78 | (1) |
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Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) with Thermal Energy Storage |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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12 Half a Million Products Are Made Out of Fossil Fuels |
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81 | (1) |
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Million Tons a Year of Something that can Replace Fossil Fuel Products |
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81 | (1) |
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Biomass Chemicals and Plastics |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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13 And the Renewable Winner Is |
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85 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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14 Scale: How Much Biomass Is Required to Replace Fossil Fuels? |
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87 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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15 Grow More Biomass: Where Is the Land? |
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89 | (8) |
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90 | (1) |
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Much of Earth's Land Is Degraded or Unavailable |
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91 | (1) |
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Let's Grow Food and Biofuels on Other Nation's Land |
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92 | (1) |
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Food Production Shows Signs of Peaking |
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92 | (1) |
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Genetically Engineer Plants to Grow Faster, Get Larger |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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The Cool-Chain Will Be Far More Local |
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93 | (1) |
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Conclusion: Too Little Land, Too Many People |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (3) |
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16 The Ground is Disappearing Beneath Our Feet |
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97 | (4) |
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Why is Soil Erosion Happening Much Faster Now than in the Past? |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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17 Grow More Biomass: Phosphorus Fertilizer |
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101 | (4) |
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Phosphorus is Hard to Come by |
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101 | (1) |
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Phosphorus Runoff Can Harm Ecosystems |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (3) |
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18 Grow More Biomass: Climate Change |
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105 | (6) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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Forecasts Call for More Pests, More Weeds |
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107 | (1) |
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Climate Change Effects on California Agriculture |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (3) |
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19 Grow More Biomass: Dwindling Groundwater |
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111 | (4) |
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Corn and Soybeans can Drink Other Crops Under the Table |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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20 Grow More Biomass: Vertical and Rooftop Farms |
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115 | (6) |
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Vertical Farms in Buildings |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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21 Grow More Biomass: Pesticides |
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121 | (4) |
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Pesticides, Like Antibiotics, Are Running Out |
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121 | (1) |
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Before and After Pesticides |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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22 Ethanol and Energy Return on Investment (EROI) |
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125 | (6) |
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Why Is Ethanol EROI so Low? |
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127 | (1) |
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The Main Difference Between a Negative and Positive EROI Is Byproduct |
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128 | (1) |
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Falling Over the Burrito Energy Cliff |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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23 Corn and Soy Are Supervillains |
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131 | (6) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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Corn and Soy Already Take Up Half of US Cropland |
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132 | (1) |
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Corn and Soy Cause the Most Soil Erosion |
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132 | (1) |
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Corn and Soybeans Are Water Hogs (Sorry Pigs) |
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133 | (1) |
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More Fertilizer, More Dead Zones |
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134 | (1) |
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Industrial Farming Is Great for Jellyfish |
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134 | (1) |
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Somebody Send the Bat Signal! |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (8) |
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What Is the Point of Making Ethanol? |
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137 | (1) |
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions? |
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138 | (1) |
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El5 Increases the Damage by 50% |
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139 | (1) |
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Transportation of Ethanol from Midwest to Coasts a Waste of Diesel Energy |
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140 | (1) |
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Ethanol Raises Food Prices and Harms People and Businesses |
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140 | (1) |
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Ethanol Was Mandated to Enrich the Wealthiest Companies and Farmers in the Midwest |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (8) |
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Where Is the Flat 1200-Acre Land for Ponds? |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Carbon Dioxide Problems Coming and Going |
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147 | (1) |
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Microscopic Algae Are as Voracious as Food Crops |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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Sorry to Let the Air Out of Your Balloon |
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149 | (1) |
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Protect Algae from Crashes by Sheltering Them in Photobioreactors |
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149 | (1) |
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Conclusion: Algae May Be Green, but They Are Not Clean |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (3) |
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26 Fill'er Up with Seaweed |
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153 | (4) |
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Too Low-Fat for Biodiesel |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (1) |
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27 The Problems with Cellulosic Ethanol Could Drive You to Drink |
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157 | (8) |
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What Plants Are Used to Make Ethanol in the US? |
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157 | (1) |
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Why Is Cellulosic Ethanol So Hard to Make? |
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158 | (1) |
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EROI of Cellulosic Ethanol |
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159 | (1) |
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Another Reason for Negative EROI: Plant Residues Are Fluffy |
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160 | (1) |
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Energy Grass Crops Are No better than Food Crops |
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160 | (1) |
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Where Is the Land to Grow Energy Crops? |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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28 Biodiesel to Keep Trucks Running |
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165 | (4) |
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165 | (1) |
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Biodiesel Requires a Lot of Water |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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A Barrel of Crude Oil Is only 10-15% Diesel |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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29 Can We Eat Enough French Fries? |
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169 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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30 Combustion: Burn Baby Burn |
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171 | (8) |
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Burning Biomass is Dirtier than Coal |
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172 | (1) |
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California Biomass Electricity Generation |
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172 | (1) |
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Wood from Burned Forests to Generate Electricity |
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173 | (1) |
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Biomass Fire and Explosion Hazards |
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174 | (1) |
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Economic and Energy Costs (EROI) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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31 Wood and Coal Steam Engines Started the Industrial Revolution |
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179 | (8) |
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180 | (1) |
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Noisy, Complex, and Lots of Maintenance |
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180 | (1) |
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Wood is Less Energy-dense than Coal or Oil |
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181 | (1) |
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Enormous Amounts of Fuel and Water were Needed |
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181 | (1) |
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Energy Efficiency and EROI |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Steam Power will Come Back to Replace Muscle Power |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Steam Engines were the First Form of Energy Able to Reproduce Itself |
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184 | (1) |
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Horses will be Recalled from the Pasture |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (4) |
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North Korea Shows the Way |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (3) |
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33 Conclusion: Do You Want to Eat, Drink, or Drive? |
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191 | (10) |
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The Great Simplification--How to Make the Transition |
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195 | (4) |
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199 | (2) |
| Index |
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201 | |
