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El. knyga: Life Before Birth: The Moral and Legal Status of Embryos and Fetuses 2nd Revised edition [Oxford Scholarship Online E-books]

  • Formatas: 328 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Jul-2011
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9780195341621
  • Oxford Scholarship Online E-books
  • Kaina nežinoma
  • Formatas: 328 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Jul-2011
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9780195341621
Life Before Birth provides a coherent framework for addressing bioethical issues in which the moral status of embryos and fetuses is relevant. It is based on the "interest view" which ascribes moral standing to beings with interests, and connects the possession of interests with the capacity for conscious awareness or sentience. The theoretical framework is applied to ethical and legal topics, including abortion, prenatal torts, wrongful life, the crime of feticide, substance abuse by pregnant women, compulsory cesareans, assisted reproduction, and stem cell research. Along the way, difficult philosophical problems, such as identity and the non-identity problem are thoroughly explored. The book will be of interest not only to philosophers, but also physicians, lawyers, policy makers, and anyone perplexed by the many difficulties surrounding the unborn.

"Bonnie Steinbock's excellent book is . . . consistent, thoroughgoing, and intelligible." --Nature

"Steinbock's book is valuable for all interested in the ethical/legal issues surrounding abortion, prenatal injury and liability, maternal-fetal conflict, and fetal/embryo research. The author provides an excellent historical overview of these issues, but she also addresses the issues from the stance of a particular theory of moral status, namely, interest theory. This gives coherence to her discussion as well as allowing testing of the viability of interest theory." --Choice

"A focused, lucid, analytically fine-grained discussion of a wide variety of problems. . . extremely useful as a survey of the current state of the debate." --Religious Studies Review

"Merits serious consideration by physicians. Steinbock's interests-based approach treats all questions as open -- another and most welcome breath of fresh air." -New England Journal of Medicine

"An extremely valuable contribution to the literature. The author carefully identifies the many bioethical issues to which the status of embryos and fetuses is relevant....She thoroughly reviews the extensive medical, bioethical, and legal literature on all of these issues, offering well-developed critiques of many standard positions. She articulates and thoughtfully defends interesting positions on all of theses topics. Anyone with an interest in these issues will learn a great deal from her knowledgeable and judicious treatment of them." -- The Journal of Clinical Ethics
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
1 The Interest View
1(35)
I Consciousness and Interests
5(10)
Is Consciousness Necessary for Having Interests?
7(5)
Is Consciousness Sufficient for Having Interests?
12(3)
II The Interests of Nonconscious Individuals
15(16)
Dead People
15(3)
Permanently Unconscious People
18(5)
Infants with Anencephaly
23(8)
III Future People
31(1)
IV The Parfit Problem and the Farther Future
32(2)
V Potential People: Embryos and Fetuses
34(2)
2 Abortion
36(72)
I The Moral Standing of the Fetus
42(17)
The Conservative Position
42(4)
Fetal Sentience
46(4)
Implantation
50(2)
The Person View
52(3)
The Right to Life
55(4)
II The Argument From Potential
59(6)
The Logical Problem
59(1)
Contraception and the Moral Standing of Gametes
60(5)
III The Future-Like-Ours Account
65(6)
IV Identity
71(11)
The Embodied Mind Account
71(3)
The Biological View
74(2)
The Interest View and the Time-Relative Interests Account
76(4)
Sentient Fetuses
80(2)
V Possible People
82(10)
The Nonidentity Problem
83(9)
VI The Argument From Bodily Self-Determination
92(7)
Thomson's Defense of Abortion
92(4)
Roe v. Wade
96(3)
VII The Moral and Legal Significance of Viability
99(9)
Late Abortions
101(3)
Partial-Birth Abortion
104(4)
3 Beyond Abortion: The Fetus in Tort and Criminal Law
108(47)
I Recovery for Prenatal Injury in Torts
109(12)
Against Third Parties
109(1)
The Irrelevance of Viability
110(1)
Preconception Torts
111(4)
Against the Mother
115(1)
The Woman's Right of Privacy
116(3)
Automobile Liability
119(2)
II Prenatal Wrongful Death
121(4)
Wrongful-Death Actions
121(1)
The Implications for Abortion
122(3)
III The Criminal Law
125(14)
Prenatal Neglect
126(1)
Homicide
127(12)
IV Wrongful Life
139(16)
4 Maternal-Fetal Conflict
155(44)
I Moral Obligations to the Not-Yet-Born
156(12)
Risks to the Fetus
162(6)
II Pregnant Women and the Law
168(31)
Delivering Drugs Through the Umbilical Cord
168(2)
Criminal Prosecution for Child Abuse or Endangerment
170(2)
Criminal Prosecution for Homicide
172(4)
Jailing the Pregnant Addict
176(3)
Termination of Parental Rights
179(3)
Compulsory Cesarean Sections
182(4)
The Implications of Roe v. Wade
186(2)
McFall v. Shimp and the Duty to Rescue
188(7)
Less Invasive Cases
195(4)
5 Assisted Reproductive Technology
199(56)
I The Science of Assisted Reproductive Technology
200(5)
In Vitro Fertilization
200(2)
Health Risks to Women
202(1)
Health Risks to Offspring
203(2)
II Procreative Liberty and Its Critics
205(10)
John Robertson
205(3)
Adoption and the Right to Have Biologically Related Children
208(3)
Core Values and Penumbral Interests
211(1)
The Interests of Children and the Nonidentity Problem
212(3)
III Limits to Procreative Liberty
215(15)
Postmenopausal Mothers
215(3)
The Risk of Transmitting Disease or Disability
218(6)
Multiple Births
224(6)
IV Dispositional Problems
230(9)
Davis v. Davis
230(6)
Kass v. Kass
236(3)
V Gamete Donation
239(16)
Sperm Donation
240(4)
Egg Donation
244(11)
6 Stem Cell Research
255(48)
I The Science
259(9)
Adult Stem Cells
260(2)
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
262(2)
Cloning: Reproductive Versus Therapeutic
264(4)
II The Moral Standing of the Human Embryo
268(10)
The Twinning Problem
269(1)
Respect for Embryos
270(1)
Kantian Respect
271(1)
Moral Standing Versus Moral Value
272(3)
The Basis for Ascribing Moral Value to Human Embryos
275(3)
III The Discarded-Created Distinction
278(4)
IV Payment for Oocytes
282(2)
V Chimeras, Hybrids, and Cybrids
284(7)
VI Law and Policy in the United States
291(7)
Cloning Policy
297(1)
VII Law and Policy in Other Countries
298(5)
United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning
301(2)
Index 303
Bonnie Steinbock received her Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1974. She began teaching philosophy at the College of Wooster, and moved to the University at Albany in 1977. Her area of specialization is bioethics, particularly reproduction and genetics.