This book investigates s marking in English verbs, specifically its manifestations in main verbs, in the past tense of BE, and in existential constructions. It embraces the many ways in which s marking varies across the English speaking world, and considers both how it arose in these places historically and the ways in which it has since developed. The authors propose a story which holistically accounts for these different manifestations of s, drawing upon evidence from a wide range of subdisciplines in linguistics, including sociolinguistics, generative syntax, historical linguistics, dialectology, and discourse-pragmatics. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars in these and related fields.
Recenzijos
Whether diagrammatic iconicity is really the underlying motivation for these phenomena or rather a very general observable outcome is a matter up for further discussion, for which this volume provides considerable incentive. This volume could serve as a precursor for future fruitful discussions predicated on this proposed integrative approach. (Nikolaus Wildner, Language in Society, Vol. 51 (5), 2022)
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1 | (24) |
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16 | (9) |
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25 | (104) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.3 The History of Verbal -s |
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27 | (6) |
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2.4 Verbal -s as a Case of Functional Shift |
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33 | (55) |
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2.4.1 The Northern Subject Rule (NSR) |
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39 | (33) |
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2.4.2 Other Uses of Verbal -s |
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72 | (16) |
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2.5 The Iconicity Hypothesis |
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88 | (23) |
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111 | (18) |
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129 | (36) |
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129 | (2) |
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3.2 The History of Verbal Zero |
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131 | (2) |
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3.3 Verbal Zero: East Anglian and African American Vernacular English |
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133 | (7) |
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3.4 Contact and Verbal Zero |
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140 | (10) |
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3.5 A Formal Linguistic Perspective of the East Anglian Subject Rule |
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150 | (6) |
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156 | (9) |
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165 | (72) |
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165 | (1) |
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4.2 Current Patterns of Past BE |
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166 | (2) |
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4.3 The History of Past BE |
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168 | (4) |
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4.4 Dialectological Research on Past BE |
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172 | (4) |
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4.5 Variationist Analyses of Past BE |
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176 | (29) |
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4.5.1 Preservation of Historical Past BE Forms |
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177 | (2) |
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4.5.2 Analogical Levelling |
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179 | (4) |
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183 | (13) |
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4.5.4 Grammatical Conditioning: The Northern and East Anglian Subject Rules |
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196 | (9) |
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4.6 A Formal Linguistic Perspective on Past BE |
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205 | (5) |
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4.7 Past BE from the Perspective of Exaptation and Diagrammatic Iconicity |
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210 | (16) |
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226 | (11) |
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5 Verbal -s in Existential there Sentences |
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237 | (84) |
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237 | (4) |
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5.2 Description and Formal Analysis of Existential there Sentences |
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241 | (10) |
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5.3 Socio-Historical Linguistic Work on Verbal -s in Existentials |
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251 | (9) |
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5.3.1 The History of Verbal -s in Existentials |
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252 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Variationist Studies |
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254 | (6) |
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5.4 Tying Together the Aims of Formal Linguistics and Variationist Studies |
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260 | (13) |
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5.4.1 Conditioning of Verbal -s by Properties of the Associate-NP |
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261 | (9) |
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5.4.2 Implications of the Effects of `Distance', `Tense' and `Contraction' |
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270 | (3) |
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5.5 The Grammaticalisation of Existential there into a Presentative Sign |
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273 | (21) |
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294 | (16) |
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310 | (11) |
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321 | (8) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (4) |
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327 | (2) |
| References |
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329 | (36) |
| Index |
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365 | |
Laura Rupp is a Universitair Hoofddocent Engelse Taalkunde at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Her research interest embrace grammatical variation and change, the interface between grammar and discourse-pragmatics, and (diversity in) English pronunciation. Her most recent research projects have been on verbal s in English and variation in the use of articles.
David Britain is Professor of Modern English Linguistics at the University of Bern, Switzerland. His research interests embrace language variation and change, varieties of English (especially in Southern England, the Southern Hemisphere and the Pacific), dialect contact and attrition, dialect ideologies, and the dialectology-human geography interface, especially with respect to space/place, urban/rural and the role of mobilities.
