The rapidly changing nature of animal production systems, especially increasing intensification and globalization, is playing out in complex ways around the world. Over the last century, livestock keeping evolved from a means of harnessing marginal resources to produce items for local consumption to a key component of global food chains. Livestock in a Changing Landscape offers a comprehensive examination of these important and far-reaching trends. The books are an outgrowth of a collaborative effort involving international nongovernmental organizations including the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), the Swiss College of Agriculture (SHL), the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), and the Scientific Committee for Problems of the Environment (SCOPE). Volume 1 examines the forces shaping change in livestock production and management; the resulting impacts on landscapes, land use, and social systems; and potential policy and management responses. Volume 2 explores needs and draws experience from region-specific contexts and detailed case studies. The case studies describe how drivers and consequences of change play out in specific geographical areas, and how public and private responses are shaped and implemented. Together, the volumes present new, sustainable approaches to the challenges created by fundamental shifts in livestock management and production, and represent an essential resource for policy makers, industry managers, and academics involved with this issue. The rapidly changing nature of animal production systems, especially increasing intensification and globalization, is playing out in complex ways around the world. Livestock in a Changing Landscape offers a comprehensive examination of these important and far-reaching trends. The books are an outgrowth of a collaborative effort involving international nongovernmental organizations including the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), the Swiss College of Agriculture (SHL), the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), and the Scientific Committee for Problems of the Environment (SCOPE). The volumes present new, sustainable approaches to the challenges created by fundamental shifts in livestock management and production, and represent an essential resource for policy makers, industry managers, and academics involved with this issue.
Preface |
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Executive Summary |
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Introduction |
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1 | (2) |
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Drivers: Perspectives on Change |
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3 | (2) |
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Drivers of Change in Global Agriculture and Livestock Systems |
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5 | (6) |
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Trends in Consumption, Production, and Trade in Livestock and Livestock Products |
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11 | (24) |
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Structural Change in the Livestock Sector |
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35 | (16) |
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Livestock in Geographical Transition |
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51 | (18) |
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Part II Consequences of Livestock Production |
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Environmental, Health, and Social Consequences of Livestock Production |
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67 | (2) |
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Livestock and the Global Carbon Cycle |
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69 | (14) |
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The Impact of Animal Production Systems on the Nitrogen Cycle |
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83 | (14) |
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Water-Mediated Ecological Consequences of Intensification and Expansion of Livestock Production |
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97 | (14) |
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Global Livestock Impacts on Biodiversity |
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111 | (28) |
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Impacts of Intensive Livestock Production and Manure Management on the Environment |
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139 | (26) |
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Impacts of Extensive Livestock Systems on Terrestrial Ecosystems |
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165 | (32) |
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Human Health Hazards Associated with Livestock Production |
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197 | (24) |
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The Livestock Revolution and Animal Source Food Consumption: Benefit, Risks, and Challenges in Urban and Rural Settings of Developing Countries |
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221 | (28) |
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Social Consequences for Mixed Crop-Livestock Production Systems in Developing Countries |
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249 | (20) |
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Socioeconomic Implications of the Livestock Industrialization Process: How will Smallholders Fare? |
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269 | (16) |
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Extensive Livestock Production in Transition: The Future of Sustainable Pastoralism |
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285 | (26) |
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Responses to Livestock in a Changing Landscape |
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309 | (2) |
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Responses on Environmental Issues |
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311 | (12) |
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Responses on Human Nutrition Issues |
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323 | (22) |
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Responses on Emerging Livestock Diseases |
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345 | (18) |
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Responses on Social Issues |
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363 | (10) |
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Livestock in a Changing Landscape: Conclusions and Lessons Learned |
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373 | (4) |
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Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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377 | (2) |
Chemical Symbols, Compounds, and Units of Measurement |
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379 | (1) |
Glossary |
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380 | (3) |
List of Editors and Contributors |
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383 | (4) |
Index |
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Henning Steinfeld, chief, Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch, FAO. Harold A. Mooney, professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University. Fritz Schneider, vice director, Swiss College of Agriculture, Bern University of Applied Sciences. Laurie E. Neville, program coordinator, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University. Pierre Gerber, livestock policy officer, Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch, FAO. Jeroen Dijkman, livestock development officer, Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch, FAO. Shirley Tarawali, director, People, Livestock, and the Environment Theme, ILRI. Cees de Haan, retired livestock development advisor; currently a consultant at World Bank.