| Preface |
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xi | |
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SECTION 1 Physiology of Exercise |
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1 | (312) |
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Chapter 0 Introduction to Exercise Physiology |
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2 | (13) |
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Brief History of Exercise Physiology |
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3 | (3) |
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3 | (1) |
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Harvard Fatigue Laboratory |
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4 | (2) |
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Physiology, Physical Fitness, and Health |
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6 | (2) |
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Physical Education to Exercise Science and Kinesiology |
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8 | (1) |
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Graduate Study and Research in the Physiology of Exercise |
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9 | (2) |
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Professional and Scientific Societies and Research Journals |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Careers in Exercise Science and Kinesiology |
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12 | (3) |
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Chapter 1 Measurement of Work, Power, and Energy Expenditure |
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15 | (15) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Measurement of Work and Power |
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18 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Measurement of Energy Expenditure |
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20 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Common Expressions of Energy Expenditure |
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22 | (1) |
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Estimation of Energy Expenditure |
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23 | (1) |
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Calculation of Exercise Efficiency |
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23 | (4) |
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Factors That Influence Exercise Efficiency |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Control of the Internal Environment |
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30 | (11) |
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Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy |
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31 | (2) |
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Control Systems of the Body |
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33 | (1) |
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Nature of the Control Systems |
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33 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Examples of Homeostatic Control |
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35 | (1) |
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Regulation of Body Temperature |
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35 | (1) |
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Regulation of Blood Glucose |
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35 | (1) |
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Exercise: A Test of Homeostatic Control |
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36 | (1) |
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Exercise Improves Homeostatic Control Via Cellular Adaptation |
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36 | (1) |
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Stress Proteins Assist in the Regulation of Cellular Homeostasis |
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37 | (4) |
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41 | (27) |
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42 | (1) |
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Biological Energy Transformation |
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42 | (6) |
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Cellular Chemical Reactions |
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43 | (1) |
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (12) |
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51 | (4) |
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55 | (7) |
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62 | (1) |
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Efficiency of Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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62 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Control of Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain |
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64 | (1) |
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Interaction Between Aerobic/Anaerobic ATP Production |
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64 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Exercise Metabolism |
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68 | (23) |
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Energy Requirements at Rest |
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69 | (1) |
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Rest-to-Exercise Transitions |
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69 | (2) |
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Recovery from Exercise: Metabolic Responses |
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71 | (3) |
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Metabolic Responses to Exercise: Influence of Duration and Intensity |
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74 | (5) |
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Short-Term, Intense Exercise |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (3) |
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Estimation of Fuel Utilization During Exercise |
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79 | (1) |
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Factors Governing Fuel Selection |
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80 | (11) |
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Exercise Intensity and Fuel Selection |
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80 | (1) |
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Exercise Duration and Fuel Selection |
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81 | (1) |
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Interaction of Fat/Carbohydrate Metabolism |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (8) |
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Chapter 5 Cell Signaling and the Hormonal Responses to Exercise |
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91 | (35) |
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92 | (5) |
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Blood Hormone Concentration |
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93 | (1) |
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Hormone-Receptor Interaction |
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94 | (3) |
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Hormones: Regulation and Action |
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97 | (14) |
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Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (6) |
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Hormonal Control of Substrate Mobilization During Exercise |
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111 | (15) |
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Muscle-Glycogen Utilization |
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111 | (2) |
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Blood Glucose Homeostasis During Exercise |
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113 | (7) |
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Hormone-Substrate Interaction |
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120 | (6) |
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Chapter 6 Exercise and the Immune System |
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126 | (13) |
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Overview of the Immune System |
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127 | (5) |
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127 | (4) |
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131 | (1) |
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Exercise and the Immune System |
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132 | (4) |
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Exercise and Resistance to Infection |
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132 | (1) |
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High-Intensity/Long-Duration Aerobic Exercise Increases the Risk of Infection |
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133 | (3) |
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Exercising in Environmental Extremes: Increased Risk for Infection? |
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136 | (1) |
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Should You Exercise When You Have a Cold? |
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136 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement |
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139 | (25) |
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General Nervous System Functions |
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140 | (1) |
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Organization of the Nervous System |
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140 | (8) |
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141 | (1) |
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Electrical Activity in Neurons |
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141 | (7) |
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Sensory Information and Reflexes |
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148 | (3) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (3) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Somatic Motor Function and Motor Neurons |
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151 | (3) |
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Vestibular Apparatus and Equilibrium |
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154 | (1) |
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Motor Control Functions of the Brain |
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155 | (3) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Role of the Brain in Exercise-Induced Fatigue |
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156 | (2) |
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Motor Functions of the Spinal Cord |
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158 | (1) |
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Control of Motor Functions |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Exercise Enhances Brain Health |
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160 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function |
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164 | (24) |
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Structure of Skeletal Muscle |
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165 | (3) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (4) |
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Overview of the Sliding Filament/Swinging Lever-Arm Model |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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Regulation of Excitation-Contraction Coupling |
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171 | (2) |
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Exercise and Muscle Fatigue |
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173 | (2) |
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Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (4) |
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Overview of Biochemical and Contractile Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle |
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176 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Individual Fiber Types |
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177 | (2) |
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Fiber Types and Performance |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Speed of Muscle Action and Relaxation |
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180 | (1) |
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Force Regulation in Muscle |
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181 | (2) |
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Force-Velocity/Power-Velocity Relationships |
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183 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 Circulatory Responses to Exercise |
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188 | (30) |
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Organization of the Circulatory System |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits |
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190 | (1) |
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Heart: Myocardium and Cardiac Cycle |
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190 | (9) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (2) |
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Factors That Influence Arterial Blood Pressure |
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196 | (1) |
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Electrical Activity of the Heart |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (6) |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (1) |
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Regulation of Stroke Volume |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (2) |
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Physical Characteristics of Blood |
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205 | (1) |
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Relationships Among Pressure, Resistance, and Flow |
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205 | (1) |
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Sources of Vascular Resistance |
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206 | (1) |
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Changes in Oxygen Delivery to Muscle During Exercise |
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207 | (4) |
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Changes in Cardiac Output During Exercise |
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207 | (1) |
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Changes in Arterial-Mixed Venous O2 Content During Exercise |
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208 | (1) |
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Redistribution of Blood Flow During Exercise |
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208 | (1) |
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Regulation of Local Blood Flow During Exercise |
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209 | (2) |
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Circulatory Responses to Exercise |
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211 | (3) |
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211 | (1) |
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Transition from Rest to Exercise |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Regulation of Cardiovascular Adjustments to Exercise |
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214 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Respiration During Exercise |
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218 | (31) |
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219 | (3) |
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Structure of the Respiratory System |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships |
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228 | (3) |
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O2 and CO2 Transport in Blood |
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231 | (3) |
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Hemoglobin and O2 Transport |
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231 | (1) |
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Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Ventilation and Acid-Base Balance |
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234 | (1) |
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Ventilatory and Blood-Gas Responses to Exercise |
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235 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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Prolonged Exercise in a Hot Environment |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (5) |
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Ventilatory Regulation at Rest |
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237 | (1) |
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Respiratory Control Center |
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237 | (1) |
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Effect of Blood PCO2, PO2, and Potassium on Ventilation |
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238 | (1) |
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Neural Input to the Respiratory Control Center |
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239 | (1) |
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Ventilatory Control During Submaximal Exercise |
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240 | (1) |
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Ventilatory Control During Heavy Exercise |
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240 | (2) |
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Do the Lungs Adapt to Exercise Training? |
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242 | (1) |
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Does the Pulmonary System Limit Maximal Exercise Performance? |
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243 | (6) |
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Chapter 11 Acid-Base Balance During Exercise |
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249 | (11) |
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250 | (1) |
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Hydrogen Ion Production During Exercise |
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251 | (2) |
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Importance of Acid-Base Regulation During Exercise |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (3) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (2) |
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Respiratory Influence on Acid-Base Balance |
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256 | (1) |
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Regulation of Acid-Base Balance via the Kidneys |
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256 | (1) |
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Regulation of Acid-Base Balance During Exercise |
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256 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Temperature Regulation |
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260 | (21) |
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Overview of Heat Balance During Exercise |
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261 | (1) |
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Temperature Measurement During Exercise |
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262 | (1) |
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Overview of Heat Production/Heat Loss |
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263 | (4) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (3) |
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Heat Storage in the Body During Exercise |
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266 | (1) |
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Body's Thermostat---Hypothalamus |
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267 | (1) |
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Shift in the Hypothalamic Thermostat Set Point Due to Fever |
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267 | (1) |
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Thermal Events During Exercise |
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268 | (2) |
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Heat Index---A Measure of How Hot It Feels |
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270 | (1) |
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Exercise in a Hot Environment |
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270 | (7) |
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Sweat Rates During Exercise |
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270 | (1) |
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Exercise Performance is Impaired in a Hot Environment |
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270 | (4) |
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Gender and Age Differences in Thermoregulation |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Exercise in a Cold Environment |
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277 | (4) |
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277 | (4) |
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Chapter 13 The Physiology of Training: Effect on VO2 Max, Performance, Homeostasis, and Strength |
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281 | (32) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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Endurance Training and VO2 Max |
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283 | (2) |
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Training Programs and Changes in VO2 Max |
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284 | (1) |
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Why Does Exercise Training Improve VO2 Max? |
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285 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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Arteriovenous O2 Difference |
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287 | (1) |
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Endurance Training: Effects on Performance and Homeostasis |
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287 | (6) |
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Endurance Training-Induced Changes in Fiber Type and Capillarity |
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288 | (1) |
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Endurance Training Increases Mitochondrial Content in Skeletal Muscle Fibers |
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289 | (2) |
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Biochemical Adaptations and Plasma Glucose Concentration |
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291 | (1) |
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Endurance Training Improves Muscle Antioxidant Capacity |
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292 | (1) |
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Exercise Training Improves Acid-Base Balance During Exercise |
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292 | (1) |
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Molecular Bases of Exercise Training Adaptation |
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293 | (3) |
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Training Adaptation---Big Picture |
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293 | (1) |
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Specificity of Exercise Training Responses |
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294 | (1) |
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Primary Signal Transduction Pathways in Skeletal Muscle |
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295 | (1) |
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Secondary Messengers in Skeletal Muscle |
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295 | (1) |
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Signaling Events Leading to Endurance Training-Induced Muscle Adaptation |
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296 | (2) |
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Endurance Training: Links Between Muscle and Systemic Physiology |
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298 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (2) |
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Detraining Following Endurance Training |
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300 | (1) |
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Physiological Effects of Strength Training |
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301 | (1) |
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Mechanisms Responsible for Resistance Training-Induced Increases in Strength |
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301 | (3) |
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Resistance Training-Induced Changes in the Nervous System |
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303 | (1) |
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Resistance Training-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle Size |
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303 | (1) |
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Resistance Training-Induced Changes in Muscle Fiber Type |
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303 | (1) |
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Can Resistance Training Improve Muscle Oxidative Capacity and Increase Capillary Number? |
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304 | (1) |
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Resistance Training Improves Muscle Antioxidant Enzyme Activity |
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304 | (1) |
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Signaling Events Leading to Resistance Training-Induced Muscle Growth |
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304 | (2) |
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Detraining Following Strength Training |
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306 | (1) |
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Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training |
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307 | (6) |
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Mechanisms Responsible for the Impairment of Strength Development During Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training |
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307 | (6) |
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SECTION 2 Physiology of Health and Fitness |
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313 | (128) |
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Chapter 14 Risk Factors and Inflammation: Links to Chronic Disease |
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314 | (14) |
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Risk Factors for Heart Disease |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (3) |
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Physical Inactivity as a Risk Factor |
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318 | (1) |
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Inflammation and Coronary Heart Disease |
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319 | (3) |
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Obesity, Inflammation, and Chronic Disease |
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321 | (1) |
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Drugs, Diet, and Physical Activity |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (6) |
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Chapter 15 Work Tests to Evaluate Cardiorespiratory Fitness |
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328 | (23) |
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329 | (3) |
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329 | (1) |
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Resting and Exercise Measures |
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329 | (3) |
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Field Tests for Estimating CRF |
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332 | (2) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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Canadian Home Fitness Test |
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334 | (1) |
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Graded Exercise Tests: Measurements |
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334 | (4) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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Rating of Perceived Exertion |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (3) |
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Estimation of VO2 Max from Last Work Rate |
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339 | (1) |
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Estimation of VO2 Max from Submaximal HR Response |
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339 | (2) |
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Graded Exercise Test: Protocols |
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341 | (10) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (3) |
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346 | (5) |
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Chapter 16 Exercise Prescriptions for Health and Fitness |
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351 | (19) |
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352 | (4) |
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353 | (1) |
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Physical Activity and Health |
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354 | (2) |
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General Guidelines for Improving Fitness |
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356 | (2) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (2) |
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Warm-Up, Stretch, and Cool-Down, Stretch |
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358 | (1) |
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Exercise Prescription for CRF |
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358 | (4) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (3) |
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Sequence of Physical Activity |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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Strength and Flexibility Training |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (6) |
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Chapter 17 Exercise for Special Populations |
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370 | (24) |
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371 | (5) |
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Exercise and the Diabetic |
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372 | (4) |
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376 | (3) |
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376 | (1) |
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Prevention/Relief of Asthma |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (2) |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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382 | (5) |
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Exercise for Older Adults |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (2) |
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Exercise During Pregnancy |
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387 | (7) |
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Chapter 18 Body Composition and Nutrition for Health |
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394 | (47) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (12) |
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397 | (2) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (4) |
|
|
|
403 | (4) |
|
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Meeting the Dietary Guidelines |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (7) |
|
Methods of Assessing Overweight and Obesity |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Methods of Measuring Body Composition |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
Two-Component System of Body Composition |
|
|
413 | (4) |
|
Body Fatness for Health and Fitness |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Obesity and Weight Control |
|
|
418 | (3) |
|
|
|
418 | (3) |
|
Diet, Exercise, and Weight Control |
|
|
421 | (20) |
|
Energy and Nutrient Balance |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Energy Expenditure and Weight Control |
|
|
424 | (17) |
|
SECTION 3 Physiology of Performance |
|
|
441 | |
|
Chapter 19 Factors Affecting Performance |
|
|
442 | (16) |
|
|
|
443 | (5) |
|
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
Factors Limiting All-Out Anaerobic Performances |
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
Ultra Short-Term Performances (10 Seconds or Less) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Short-Term Performances (10 to 180 Seconds) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Factors Limiting All-Out Aerobic Performances |
|
|
450 | (4) |
|
Moderate-Length Performances (3 to 20 Minutes) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Intermediate-Length Performances (21 to 60 Minutes) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Long-Term Performances (1 to 4 Hours) |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
|
|
454 | (4) |
|
Chapter 20 Laboratory Assessment of Human Performance |
|
|
458 | (21) |
|
Laboratory Assessment of Physical Performance |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Physiological Testing: Theory and Ethics |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
What the Athlete Gains by Physiological Testing |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
What Physiological Testing Will Not Do |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Components of Effective Physiological Testing |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Direct Testing of Maximal Aerobic Power |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Determination of Peak VO2 in Paraplegic Athletes |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Tests to Predict Endurance Performance |
|
|
463 | (3) |
|
Use of the Lactate Threshold to Evaluate Performance |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
Measurement of Critical Power |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Tests to Determine Exercise Economy |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Estimating Success in Distance Running Using the Lactate Threshold and Running Economy |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Determination of Anaerobic Power |
|
|
468 | (4) |
|
Tests of Ultra Short-Term Maximal Anaerobic Power |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
Tests of Short-Term Anaerobic Power |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
Evaluation of Muscular Strength |
|
|
472 | (7) |
|
Criteria for Selection of a Strength-Testing Method |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Isometric Measurement of Strength |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Free-Weight Testing of Strength |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Isokinetic Assessment of Strength |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Variable-Resistance Measurement of Strength |
|
|
474 | (5) |
|
Chapter 21 Training for Performance |
|
|
479 | (22) |
|
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
Overload, Specificity, and Reversibility |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Influence of Gender and Initial Fitness Level |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Components of a Training Session: Warm-Up, Workout, and Cool Down |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Training to Improve Aerobic Power |
|
|
482 | (4) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Long, Slow-Distance Exercise |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
High-Intensity, Continuous Exercise |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Altitude Training Improves Exercise Performance at Sea Level |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
Injuries and Endurance Training |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Training to Improve Anaerobic Power |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
Training to Improve the ATP-PC System |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Training to Improve the Glycolytic System |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
Training to Improve Muscular Strength |
|
|
488 | (5) |
|
Progressive Resistance Exercise |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
General Strength-Training Principles |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
Free Weights Versus Machines |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Concurrent Strength- and Endurance-Training Programs |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Gender Differences in Response to Strength Training |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Training to Improve Flexibility |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
Year-Round Conditioning for Athletes |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (4) |
|
Chapter 22 Training for the Female Athlete, Children, Special Populations, and the Masters Athlete |
|
|
501 | (17) |
|
Factors Important to Women Involved in Vigorous Training |
|
|
502 | (5) |
|
Exercise and Menstrual Disorders |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Training and Menstruation |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
The Female Athlete and Eating Disorders |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Eating Disorders: Final Comments |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Bone Mineral Disorders and the Female Athlete |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Exercise During Pregnancy |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
Risk of Knee Injury in Female Athletes |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Sports Conditioning for Children |
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
Training and the Cardiopulmonary System |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Training and the Musculoskeletal System |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Progress in Pediatric Exercise Science |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Competitive Training for Diabetics |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Epilepsy and Physical Training |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Does Exercise Promote Seizures? |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Risk of Injury Due to Seizures |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Exercise Performance and Training for Masters Athletes |
|
|
511 | (7) |
|
Age-Related Changes in Muscular Strength |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Aging and Endurance Performance |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
Training Guidelines for Masters Athletes |
|
|
514 | (4) |
|
Chapter 23 Nutrition, Body Composition, and Performance |
|
|
518 | (23) |
|
|
|
519 | (6) |
|
Carbohydrate Diets and Performance |
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
Carbohydrate Intake Prior to or During a Performance |
|
|
521 | (2) |
|
Carbohydrate Intake Post-Performance |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
|
|
525 | (3) |
|
Protein Requirements and Exercise |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
Protein Requirements for Athletes |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (4) |
|
Fluid Replacement---Before Exercise |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Fluid Replacement---During Exercise |
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
Fluid Replacement---After Exercise |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (2) |
|
|
|
532 | (2) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
Nutrients in Precompetition Meal |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
Body Composition and Performance |
|
|
535 | (6) |
|
Chapter 24 Exercise and the Environment |
|
|
541 | (27) |
|
|
|
542 | (10) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Short-Term Anaerobic Performance |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Long-Term Aerobic Performance |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
Maximal Aerobic Power and Altitude |
|
|
543 | (3) |
|
Acclimatization to High Altitude |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Training for Competition at Altitude |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
547 | (5) |
|
|
|
552 | (3) |
|
|
|
552 | (3) |
|
|
|
555 | (6) |
|
|
|
556 | (2) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Descriptive Characteristics |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (7) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (6) |
|
Chapter 25 Ergogenic Aids |
|
|
568 | |
|
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (6) |
|
|
|
570 | (4) |
|
|
|
574 | (2) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (5) |
|
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (3) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
|
582 | |
|
Appendices can be accessed at www.mhhe.com/powers8e |
|
|
|
Appendix A Calculation of Oxygen Uptake and Carbon Dioxide Production |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
Appendix B Estimated Energy Expenditure During Selected Activities |
|
|
5 | (12) |
|
Appendix C Physical Activity Prescriptions |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Appendix D Dietary Reference Intakes: Macronutrients |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
Appendix E Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamins and Minerals |
|
|
20 | (4) |
|
Appendix F Dietary Reference Intakes: Estimated Energy Requirements |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
Appendix G Percent Fat Estimate for Men: Sum of Triceps, Chest, and Subscapula Skinfolds |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
Appendix H Percent Fat Estimate for Women: Sum of Triceps, Abdomen, and Suprailium Skinfolds |
|
|
26 | |
| Glossary |
|
1 | (1) |
| Credits |
|
1 | (1) |
| Index |
|
1 | |
