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El. knyga: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: From Research to Bedside

Edited by (Chairman of the Department of Urology, University of Catania, Italy), Edited by (Department of Urology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 05-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128113981
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Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: From Research to BedsideDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 05-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128113981
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Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: From Research to Bedside offers full acknowledgment of the basic research of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also connecting the clinical and practice management of the disease. It provides a full comprehension of LUTS and BPH from several aspects, allowing for a schematic interpretation of the disease and subsequent medical management. Going beyond the guidelines in the field, this title enhances the knowledge of BPH onset, allowing for the advancement of research, beneficial clinical implication and treatment.

Perfect for researchers, urologists, pathologists and endocrinologists, this must-have reference provides what is needed to understand LUTS and BPH in one easy to reference place.

  • Provides a clear understanding of the pathological mechanisms that are present in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
  • Incorporates research with the clinical aspects of LUTS and BPH, including surgical techniques
  • Presents an overview of LUTS and BPH in one easy to reference place
Contributors xiii
Preface xv
Chapter 1 Epidemiology of LUTS and BPH
1(14)
Economic Impact of BPH and LUTS
5(1)
Risk Factors for BPH Development
6(1)
Age
6(1)
Genetics
7(1)
Sex Steroid Hormones
7(1)
Metabolic Syndrome
7(1)
Cardiovascular Disease
8(1)
Obesity
8(1)
Diabetes and Alterations in Glucose Homeostasis
8(1)
Lipids
9(1)
Physical Activity
9(1)
Alcohol
9(1)
Smoking
9(1)
Inflammation
10(1)
Race
10(1)
References
10(5)
Chapter 2 Pathologic Triggers Related to LUTS and BPH
15(16)
Introduction
15(1)
Etiology
16(1)
Hyperplasia
16(1)
Role of Inflammation
17(1)
Prostatic Immune Cells and Inflammation
17(2)
BPH and Prostatic Inflammation
19(1)
Clinical Evidence
19(1)
Molecular Pathways
20(1)
Hormonal Pathways
21(1)
Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and BPH
22(1)
Inflammation and BPH Progression
23(1)
Biomarkers of Prostatic Inflammation
24(1)
References
25(1)
Further Reading
25(6)
Chapter 3 The Relationship Between Inflammation and LUTS/BPH
31(20)
Introduction
31(1)
Pathophysiology
32(1)
The Immunochemical Pattern of BPH
32(2)
The Inflammatory Pattern of BPH
34(1)
The Origin of Chronic Prostate Inflammation
34(1)
The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines
35(1)
Chronic Inflammation and LUTS
36(2)
Prostate Inflammation and BPH Progression
38(1)
Prostate Inflammation and LUTS Deterioration
38(1)
Prostate Inflammation and Acute Urinary Retention
39(2)
Diagnostic Methods for Chronic Prostate Inflammation
41(1)
The Role of Biomarkers
41(2)
Concurrent Prostate Calcifications
43(1)
Medical History of Chronic Urinary Tract Infections
44(1)
Metabolic Syndrome---A More Recent Trend in the Etiology of LUTS/BPH. The Connection With Prostatic Inflammation
44(1)
Prostate Inflammation and Its Impact on LUTS Medication
45(1)
Conclusions
46(1)
References
46(4)
Further Reading
50(1)
Chapter 4 Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Erectile Dysfunction
51(38)
Anatomy and Physiology of Erectile Dysfunction
51(2)
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Erectile Dysfunction
53(1)
Age
54(1)
Sedentary Lifestyle and Lack of Exercise
54(1)
Cigarette Smoking
55(1)
Excessive Alcohol Intake
55(1)
Depression
56(1)
Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
57(1)
Hyperlipidemia
58(1)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
58(1)
Obesity/Waist Circumference
59(1)
Hypogonadism
59(1)
Genetic Predisposition
60(1)
Pathophysiology of LUTS/BPH and ED
61(1)
Etiology and Clinical Aspects of LUTS/BPH and ED
62(6)
Second-Line Evaluation
68(4)
Treatment of LUTS/BPH and ED
72(1)
Education and Lifestyle Modifications
72(1)
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
72(1)
Tadalafil
72(4)
Other PDE5I Therapies (Not Approved by Current Guidelines for ED-LUTS/BPH)
76(4)
Effects of Drugs Used for LUTS on Erectile Function
80(1)
Conclusive Remarks
81(1)
References
82(7)
Chapter 5 Metabolic Syndrome and LUTS/BPH
89(24)
Introduction
89(1)
Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Prevalence
90(1)
MetS and BPH: Preclinical Evidences and Pathophysiology
90(5)
MetS and LUTS/BPE: The Role of Inflammation
95(1)
Prostate Size and Shape: The Influence of MetS
96(1)
The Correlation Between MetS and LUTS
97(4)
Diet and Lifestyle in Men With MetS and LUTS Due to BPE
101(1)
Basis for Medical Treatment in Men With MetS and LUTS/BPE
102(2)
The Impact of MetS on the Outcomes of BPH Surgery
104(1)
Conclusions
105(1)
References
106(7)
Chapter 6 Diagnostic Work-up of LUTS/BPH: From Standard to New Perspectives
113(22)
Introduction
113(2)
Diagnostic Workup of LUTS/BPH
115(1)
Standard Diagnostic Tests
115(11)
New Diagnostic Perspectives
126(4)
References
130(3)
Further Reading
133(2)
Chapter 7 Phytotherapy in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
135(42)
Introduction
135(4)
Serenoa Repens
139(1)
Mechanism of Action
139(4)
Variability of Products and Extraction Techniques
143(3)
Clinical Studies
146(5)
Safety Profile
151(1)
Conclusion
152(1)
Pygenum Africanum
152(1)
Mechanism of Action
153(2)
Clinical Studies
155(1)
Safety Profile
155(1)
Conclusion
156(1)
Urtica Dioica
156(1)
Mechanism of Action
156(2)
Clinical Studies
158(1)
Safety Profile
158(1)
Conclusion
159(1)
Cucurbita Pepo
159(1)
Mechanism of Action
159(1)
Clinical Studies
160(1)
Safety Profile
161(1)
Hypoxis Rooperi
162(1)
Mechanism of Action
162(1)
Clinical Studies
162(1)
Safety Profile and Conclusion
162(1)
Rye Grass Pollen
163(1)
Mechanism of Action
163(1)
Clinical Studies
164(1)
Safety Profile and Conclusion
165(1)
Conclusion
165(1)
References
165(12)
Chapter 8 Medical Aspects of the Treatment of LUTS/BPH: Alpha-Blockers
177(12)
Introduction
177(1)
Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Action of Alpha-Blockers in BPH
178(1)
Pathophysiology of LUTS/BPH/BPO: Reviewing Alpha-Adrenoreceptors as a Valuable Therapeutic Target
178(1)
Potential Action of Alpha-Blockers on BPO
178(1)
Potential Effects of Alpha-Blockers on Storage Symptoms and Bladder Function
179(1)
Potential Effects of Alpha-Blockers on Nocturia
179(1)
Types of Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers: Family Members
180(1)
Efficacy
181(1)
Global Efficacy on LUTS (IPSS), Quality of Life, and Placebo Effect
181(1)
Effects on BPO (Qmax, Urodynamics, and Postvoid Residuals)
182(1)
Efficacy on the Long Term and Treatment Adherence
183(1)
Intermittent Treatment
183(1)
Dose Adjustments
184(1)
Safety and Tolerability
184(1)
Clinical Use
185(1)
General Indications/Single Therapy
185(1)
Associations
185(1)
Conclusion
185(1)
References
186(3)
Chapter 9 Medical Aspects of the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors
189(18)
Mechanism of Action
189(1)
Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone
189(1)
5-Alpha Reductase Enzyme Family
189(1)
Rationale for 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibition in BPH
190(1)
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors
191(1)
Finasteride
191(1)
Dutasteride
191(1)
5-ARI for the Treatment of BPH
192(1)
Indications for Treatment of BPH With 5-ARI
192(1)
Clinical Effects of BPH Treatment With 5-ARI
193(1)
Finasteride Versus Dutasteride for the Treatment of BPH
194(1)
Sexual Side Effects of 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor Use
195(1)
Combination Therapy With 5-ARI and Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptor Blockers for the Treatment of BPH
196(2)
5-ARI for Hematuria and Bleeding During Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Men With BPH
198(1)
5-ARI for the Prevention and Treatment of Prostate Cancer
198(1)
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibition for the Prevention of Prostate Cancer
198(2)
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibition for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
200(1)
References
201(6)
Chapter 10 Medical Aspects of the Treatment of LUTS/BPH: Antimuscarinic and β3-Agonists
207(10)
Keypoints
207(1)
Introduction
207(1)
Antimuscarinics
208(1)
Mechanism of Action
208(1)
Efficacy
209(1)
Adverse Events
210(1)
β3-Agonists
210(1)
Mechanism of Action
211(1)
Efficacy
211(1)
Adverse Events
212(1)
Conclusions
213(1)
References
213(4)
Chapter 11 Medical Aspects of the Treatment of LUTS/BPH: Combination Therapies
217(24)
Introduction
217(1)
AB + 5ARI
217(7)
Anticholinergic Agents and AB
224(1)
Tolterodine and AB
225(2)
Solifenacin Succinate and AB
227(2)
Fesoterodine and AB
229(1)
β3-Adrenoreceptor Agonist Mirabegron and AB
230(1)
Phosphodiesterase-Type-5 Inhibitors and 5ARI or AB
231(2)
Plant Extracts/Phytotherapy and Other Agents
233(1)
References
234(7)
Chapter 12 Surgical Management of LUTS/BPH: TURP vs. Open Prostatectomy
241(16)
History of Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH]
241(1)
Pathophysiology of BPH
242(1)
Epidemiology and Socioeconomic Burden of Surgical Treatment for BPH
242(1)
Factors Affecting Choice of Surgery Type
243(1)
Prostate Size
243(1)
Surgeon Preference and Hospital Setting
243(1)
Patient Age
244(1)
Prostatectomy
244(1)
Simple Prostatectomy
244(2)
TUR of the Prostate
246(1)
Outcomes
247(1)
Symptoms
247(1)
Physiological Measures
248(1)
Perioperative Outcomes
248(1)
Retreatment Rate
249(1)
Adverse Events
250(1)
Conclusion
250(1)
References
250(7)
Chapter 13 Surgical Treatment for LUTS/BPH: Laser Devices
257(32)
Introduction
257(3)
Lasers Typically Used for Vaporization
260(1)
Lasers Typically Used for Resection/Enucleation
260(1)
Enucleation for BPO: Techniques and Results
261(1)
Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate
261(5)
Thulium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (ThuLEP)
266(4)
Greenlight Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (GreenLEP)
270(3)
Diode Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (DiLEP)
273(2)
Eraser Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (ELEP)
275(2)
Laser Ablation for Benign Prostatic Enlargement: Techniques and Results
277(1)
Holmium Laser Ablation of the Prostate
277(1)
Thulium Laser Vaporization of the Prostate (ThuVAP]
278(1)
Diode Laser Vaporization of the Prostate
278(1)
Greenlight: PVP
279(3)
References
282(7)
Chapter 14 Surgical Management of LUTS/BPH: New Mini-Invasive Techniques
289(16)
Introduction
289(1)
New Concepts and Objectives
289(1)
Improvement Required With Surgical Ablative Techniques
290(1)
Balancing Efficacy and Morbidity
290(2)
Pharmacological or Standard Surgical Treatment as Comparator
292(1)
A Validated Mini-Invasive Technique: UroLift Implants
292(1)
Technique
292(1)
Evaluation
293(1)
Further Questions
294(1)
An Experimental Mini-Invasive Technique: Prostatic Arteries Embolization
295(1)
Procedure
296(1)
Initial Prospective Cohorts
296(2)
Comparative Randomized Trials
298(1)
Perspectives
299(1)
Botulinum NeuroToxin Type A (BoNT-A)
299(1)
Conclusions
300(1)
References
300(5)
Index 305
Prof. Giuseppe Morgia is the Director of the Urological Clinic of the University of Catania in Italy. He is a Professor of Urology at the following Schools of specialization: General Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Geriatrics, Internal Medicine and Oncology. He has participated in 370 Courses and Conferences at the invitation of the Scientific Committee. His scientific activity consists of more than 300 publications in national journals and conference proceedings. He has written 16 chapters in the context of urological texts and two monographs. Prof. Morgia was President of the Society Sicilian-Calabrian of Urology and is a member of the Italian Society of Urology, Andrology and Urology Oncology, the European Society of Urology and the American Society of Urology and Reviewer of important international journals. He is a member of the Editorial Board of Scientific Journal "Urology", and member of the Editorial Board of Scientific Journal "EPC Eye on Prostate Cancer". He was also a member from 2004-2009 of the Office of the Board of the Educational Committee of the European Association of Urology. He has won several scientific awards including the Sage Award in 1996 and 1998 and Siuro Prize section Oncology in 2001. Dr. Giorgio Ivan Russo, MD is a urologist in the department of urology at the University of Catania in Italy. He is an active member of the faculty of Medicine and Surgery. He has presented at over seventeen conferences and acts as a reviewer for 13 journals. He has been the editor of The Journal of Urology and Research since June 2014.
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