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El. knyga: Machines and Signs: A History of the Drawing of Machines

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Machines and Signs: A History of the Drawing of MachinesDidesnis paveikslėlis
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This volume addresses the cultural, technical and ethical motivations of the history of drawing of machines and its developments step by step. First it treats drawings without any technical character; then the Renaissance with its new forms of drawing; the 18th century, with orthographic projections, immediately used by industry; the 19th century, including the applications of drawing in industry; and the 20th century, with the standardization institutions and the use of the computer. The role of historical drawings and archives in modern design is also examined.

This book is of value to all those who are interested in technical drawing, either from an artistic, from a design, or from an engineering point of view.



This book explores cultural, technical and ethical aspects of drawing of machines, from the Renaissance through 18th century orthographic projections, the 19th century and drawing in industry and the 20th century advent of standardization and computers.

Recenzijos

From the reviews:

This volume has a primarily historic format, tracing the development of drawing, illustration, and diagrams from antiquity to the present. Each chapter carefully notes the cultural context in which the technology, engineering, and science of the time were embedded. This superbly illustrated and historically important work will be a valuable addition to history of science, engineering, or drawing/design collections. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above. (R. M. Davis, Choice, Vol. 51 (2), October, 2013)

1 Introduction
1(8)
1.1 State of the Art
1(2)
1.1.1 International Level
1(1)
1.1.2 Italian Level
2(1)
1.1.3 Author Level
3(1)
1.2 Some Preliminary Considerations About the History of Drawing
3(1)
1.3 Conclusions
4(5)
References
5(4)
2 Motivations of the History of Technique
9(10)
2.1 Culture
9(3)
2.2 Technique
12(1)
2.3 Aesthetics
13(1)
2.4 Ethics
14(5)
References
17(2)
3 The First Steps
19(12)
3.1 Introduction
19(2)
3.2 Prehistoric Age
21(1)
3.3 Ancient Times
22(2)
3.4 Middle Ages
24(5)
3.5 Conclusions
29(2)
References
29(2)
4 Renaissance
31(40)
4.1 General Considerations
31(1)
4.2 The Authors
32(16)
4.2.1 Introduction
32(1)
4.2.2 Examples
33(15)
4.3 The First Steps Toward Scientific Documentation
48(5)
4.3.1 William Gilbert (1544-1603)
49(1)
4.3.2 Gaspar Schott (1608-1666)
50(1)
4.3.3 Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
51(1)
4.3.4 Robert Hooke (1635-1703)
52(1)
4.4 The First "Technical" Drawings
53(8)
4.5 Some Conclusions
61(10)
References
69(2)
5 The Eighteenth Century
71(48)
5.1 Introduction
71(1)
5.2 Gaspard Monge
71(1)
5.3 Orthographic Projections
72(1)
5.4 The First Applications of Orthographic Projections
73(4)
5.5 The Encyclopedic Books
77(4)
5.6 The Drawing as a Didactic and Popular Tool
81(1)
5.7 The Drawing as Documentary Tool for Scientists
82(8)
5.8 The Drawing Instruments
90(29)
References
118(1)
6 The Nineteenth Century
119(38)
6.1 Introduction
119(1)
6.2 The First Modern Industries
119(7)
6.3 First Steps Toward Institutionalized Teaching
126(5)
6.4 The Drawing as Documentation Tool for Scientists
131(15)
6.5 The Drawing as a Tool for Scientific-Technical Divulgation
146(3)
6.6 Drawing Instruments
149(8)
References
155(2)
7 The Twentieth Century
157(54)
7.1 Introduction
157(1)
7.2 Drawing Standards
157(10)
7.2.1 Historical Background
158(1)
7.2.2 Standardization Institutions
158(2)
7.2.3 Drawing Standards
160(1)
7.2.4 Effect of Drawing Standards
160(7)
7.3 Development of Industry
167(13)
7.3.1 Industries Born in the Twentieth Century
167(2)
7.3.2 Examples of Drawings of the Twentieth Century
169(11)
7.4 Development of Technical Schools
180(19)
7.4.1 General Characters
180(1)
7.4.2 Fundamental Steps
180(19)
7.5 Computer Graphics
199(3)
7.6 Drawing Instruments
202(9)
References
207(4)
8 Archives of Historical Drawings
211(16)
8.1 Role of Archives of Historical Drawings
211(1)
8.2 Steps to Realize an Historical Archive
212(3)
8.3 Examples Applied to Car Suspensions
215(12)
8.3.1 General Considerations
215(1)
8.3.2 Structure of the Database
215(10)
References
225(2)
9 The Critical Observation of Historical Drawings
227
9.1 Technicians, Engineers and Designers
227(14)
9.1.1 Abstraction
227(9)
9.1.2 Evaluation
236(1)
9.1.3 Progress
237(1)
9.1.4 Transfer Among Fields
238(3)
9.2 Standardization Organizations
241(3)
9.3 Teachers and Students
244(1)
9.4 Historians
245(1)
9.5 The Lesson of Historical Heritage
245
References
247
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