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El. knyga: Maladapting Minds: Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Evolutionary Theory [Oxford Medicine Online E-books]

Edited by (, Department of Philosophy, University of Leuven, Belgium), Edited by (, Institute of Philosophy, University of Leuven, Belgium)
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Maladapting Minds: Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Evolutionary TheoryDidesnis paveikslėlis
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Ever since Darwin, psychiatrists have been tempted to put evolutionary theory to use in their efforts to understand and explain mental disorders. Varying in success, scope and scientific rigour, these attempts have often caught the attention of philosophers. There are many studies about how the philosophy of psychiatry has been informed by twentieth-century 'continental' philosophy (in focusing on topics such as embodiment, narrativity and gender) as well as 'analytic' philosophy (in focusing on more conceptual issues). Thus far, however, there are simply no studies about how philosophical issues in psychiatric theory and practice can be, and have been informed by evolutionary theory.

The Insane Animal explores the relationship between evolutionary theory and philosophy of psychiatry. In particular, it discusses a number of reasons why philosophers of psychiatry should take an interest in evolutionary explanations of mental disorders, and, more generally, in evolutionary thinking. The many chapters deal with evolutionary accounts of various mental disorders, including phobias, fetishism, developmental disorders, depression, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia.

Written by both world-class philosophers, psychologists and evolutionary psychiatrists, this volume illustrates that many debates in contemporary philosophy of psychiatry are profoundly influenced by evolutionary approaches to mental disorders. In doing so, it represents the very first attempts to critically explore the interface between evolutionary theory and philosophy of psychiatry. It is important reading for psychiatrists, philosophers of mind, and evolutionary pschologists.
Contributors xvii
Introduction Why philosophers of psychiatry should care about evolutionary theory 1(32)
Andreas De Block
Pieter R. Adriaens
1.1 Psychiatric Darwinism versus Darwinian psychiatry
3(3)
1.2 Explaining the evolution of mental disorders
6(4)
1.3 Sociobiology, evolutionary psychology, evolutionary psychiatry: philosophical criticism
10(9)
1.4 Evolution, dysfunction, and mental disorders
19(4)
1.5 Das kranke Tier: evolution, psychopathology, and human nature
23(4)
1.6 Conclusion
27(6)
References
27(6)
Part 1 Evolutionary psychiatry and its critics
33(108)
1 Fearing new dangers: phobias and the cognitive complexity of human emotions
35(30)
Luc Faucher
Isabelle Blanchette
1.1 The case of phobia
36(6)
1.2 A module for fear
42(4)
1.3 Snakes and spiders vs syringes and guns
46(6)
1.4 Further problems with the evolutionist's explanation of phobias
52(3)
1.5 An alternative conception of emotion
55(4)
1.6 Conclusion
59(6)
Acknowledgments
60(1)
References
60(5)
2 Sexual imprinting and fetishism: an evolutionary hypothesis
65(26)
Hanna Aronsson
2.1 The science of fetishism: a history
66(2)
2.2 The evolution of human sexual preferences
68(3)
2.3 Sexual imprinting in animals
71(7)
2.4 Sexual imprinting in humans
78(4)
2.5 Adaptationism and sexual imprinting
82(2)
2.6 Conclusion
84(7)
Acknowledgments
86(1)
References
86(5)
3 Developmental disorders and cognitive architecture
91(26)
Edouard Machery
3.1 Psychopathologies and cognitive architecture
93(5)
3.2 Why developmental psychopathologies provide no evidence for modularity
98(7)
3.3 The epistemology of developmental dissociations
105(4)
3.4 Evaluation of the strong reading of Premise 2
109(3)
3.5 Conclusion
112(5)
References
113(4)
4 On the role of ethology in clinical psychiatry: what do ontogenetic and causal factors tell us about ultimate explanations of depression?
117(24)
Erwin Geerts
Martin Brune
4.1 Introduction
117(4)
4.2 Ontogenetic processes: early attachment relationships, parental rearing styles, and their relationship with depression
121(1)
4.3 The ethological analysis of deviant behavior
122(2)
4.4 Association between observable behavior and depression
124(4)
4.5 Disturbed interpersonal behavior as a possible causal factor in depression
128(3)
4.6 Are causal factors of depression linked to adverse early experiences?
131(1)
4.7 Possible evolutionary explanations of depression
132(1)
4.8 Discussion: why psychiatry needs ethology
133(8)
References
136(5)
Part 2 Evolutionary theory and the concept of mental disorder
141(98)
5 Darwin, functional explanation, and the philosophy of psychiatry
143(30)
Jerome C. Wakefield
5.1 Functional explanation: Aristotle, Lucretius, Darwin
144(8)
5.2 Culver and Gert on distinct sustaining causes
152(9)
5.3 The designed-defense objection
161(4)
5.4 Nordenfelt's critique of evolutionary approaches to disorder
165(8)
References
171(2)
6 Evolutionary foundations for psychiatric diagnosis: making DSM-V valid
173(25)
Randolph M. Nesse
Eric D. Jackson
6.1 Diagnosis and its discontents
174(2)
6.2 From clinical diagnosis to the DSM
176(3)
6.3 The price of progress
179(2)
6.4 The basic fault
181(2)
6.5 Evolution and emotions
183(3)
6.6 Emotional disorders
186(4)
6.7 The importance of analyzing motivational structure
190(1)
6.8 Towards an evolutionary foundation for psychiatric nosology
191(7)
References
194(4)
7 Normality, disorder, and evolved function: the case of depression
198(18)
Daniel Nettle
7.1 Introduction
199(1)
7.2 Inductive evidence for a categorical depression/normality distinction
200(3)
7.3 Evolved functions, dysfunctions, and depression
203(5)
7.4 The challenge of individual variation
208(2)
7.5 Disorder versus complaint as the basis for identifying depression
210(3)
7.6 Conclusion
213(3)
References
213(3)
8 Function, dysfunction, and adaptation?
216(23)
Kelly Roe
Dominic Murphy
8.1 Introduction
217(1)
8.2 The two-stage view
217(2)
8.3 Theories of function
219(9)
8.4 Dysfunction
228(3)
8.5 Dysfunction and the role of science
231(4)
8.6 Conclusion
235(4)
Acknowledgments
236(1)
References
236(3)
Part 3 Psychopathology, evolution, and human nature
239(70)
9 Mirroring the mind: on empathy and autism
241(23)
Farah Focquaert
Johan Braeckman
9.1 Introduction
241(4)
9.2 Autism spectrum conditions: a lack of "mirroring" and empathy
245(3)
9.3 The genetics of autism spectrum conditions
248(4)
9.4 Evolution of autistic traits: low empathy
252(6)
9.5 Conclusion
258(6)
Acknowledgments
259(1)
References
259(5)
10 The role of mood change in defining relationships: a tribute to Gregory Bateson (1904-1980)
264(25)
John Price
10.1 Introduction
264(2)
10.2 The overthrown tyrant: a clinical case illustration
266(2)
10.3 Darwin, Huxley, and sexual selection
268(2)
10.4 Ritual agonistic behavior and ritual losing
270(2)
10.5 A triune mind in a triune brain
272(4)
10.6 Gregory Bateson: defining the relationship
276(5)
10.7 Conclusion
281(8)
Appendix 10.1
283(3)
References
286(3)
11 From "evolved interpersonal relatedness" to "costly social alienation:" an evolutionary neurophilosophy of schizophrenia
289(20)
Jonathan Burns
11.1 Introduction
289(3)
11.2 A philosophy of embodiment
292(2)
11.3 The evolution and development of the social brain
294(4)
11.4 Schizophrenia and the evolutionary paradigm
298(1)
11.5 "Interpersonal alienation" from the social world
299(2)
11.6 Schizophrenia as a social brain disorder
301(1)
11.7 Resolving the "schizophrenia problem" in evolutionary terms
302(7)
References
304(5)
Index 309
Pieter R. Adriaens is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Leuven's Institute of Philosophy. He was a visiting scholar at the universities of Montpellier and Cambridge (UK), and a participant observer in various mental hospitals in Belgium. Most of his work is about the history and philosophy of evolutionary psychiatry, but he has also published on evolutionary accounts of homosexuality and homophobia. He plays Fender Rhodes in a post-rock trio called Grim, and is an avid collector of mid-century modern design and decorative arts. Andreas De Block is assistant professor at the University of Leuven's Institute of Philosophy. He studied philosophy, psychology and sexology at the universities of Gent and Leuven, and was a VENI-fellow of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). He is the author and editor of numerous books about philosophy, psychiatry and psychoanalysis, and has a keen interest in cultural evolution, as well as the integration of evolutionary theory and the

social sciences.
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