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Managing Breeds for a Secure Future 3rd Edition: Strategies for Breeders and Breed Associations [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 432 pages, aukštis x plotis: 243x172 mm, weight: 1205 g
  • Serija: Animal Breeding
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Dec-2021
  • Leidėjas: 5M Books Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 178918164X
  • ISBN-13: 9781789181647
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Managing Breeds for a Secure Future 3rd Edition: Strategies for Breeders and Breed AssociationsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 432 pages, aukštis x plotis: 243x172 mm, weight: 1205 g
  • Serija: Animal Breeding
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Dec-2021
  • Leidėjas: 5M Books Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 178918164X
  • ISBN-13: 9781789181647
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781789181647.html
Raktažodžiai:
Breeds are fascinating entities. They depend on individual breeders for their continuing existence. Although breeders may come and go, each of them is important and has the potential to make positive contributions to the breed.



Multiple factors can guarantee breeders long-term successful management. These include biological aspects, consistent market demand, and the important and sometimes politically charged role of breed associations as the main advocates for breeds today.



Strategies for success have been detailed in the first and second editions of Managing Breeds for a Secure Future. The third edition explores this further, providing more strategies that can assure long-term survival for breeds of livestock, poultry, and dogs.



Managing Breeds for a Secure Future Third Edition is re-organized to flow better, and has additional chapters on specific protocols for maintaining breeds. It also delves more deeply into rescuing rare populations, through both theory and practice. Updates to the new edition include: biological issues, population analysis, pedigree-based analyses, managing a genetic defect, and specific rescue principles and practices.
Preface xi
1 Introduction
1(15)
1.1 How to Use This Book
2(2)
1.2 What Is a Breed?
4(2)
1.3 Genetic Character of Breeds
6(3)
1.4 Why Breeds Are Important
9(3)
1.5 Sustaining Breeds over Time
12(4)
2 Breed Basics
16(23)
2.1 How Breeds Form
16(2)
2.2 Classes of Breeds
18(18)
2.2.1 Landraces
19(5)
2.2.2 Standardized Breeds
24(4)
2.2.3 Modern "Type" and "Designer" Breeds
28(1)
2.2.4 Industrial Strains
29(2)
2.2.5 Feral Populations
31(2)
2.2.6 Dog Breeds
33(1)
2.2.7 Poultry Breeds
34(1)
2.2.8 Summary
34(2)
2.3 How Breeds Are Lost
36(3)
3 Breeds as Gene Pools: Variability and Predictability
39(25)
3.1 Standardized Breeds
40(3)
3.2 Landraces
43(3)
3.3 Subgroups within a Breed: Bloodlines, Strains, and Varieties
46(5)
3.4 Gene Flow into and out of Breeds
51(13)
3.4.1 Upgrading and What It Does
53(8)
3.4.2 Upgrading and Bloodlines
61(3)
4 Defining an Individual Breed
64(20)
4.1 Which Animals to Include
64(10)
4.2 One Breed or Two
74(3)
4.3 Breed Histories
77(1)
4.4 Geography and Source Herds
78(2)
4.5 Recovery of Purebred Animals into Registries
80(4)
4.5.1 Native on Appearance
82(2)
5 Breed Standards
84(18)
5.1 Breed Type
84(3)
5.2 Different Sorts of Breed Standards
87(5)
5.3 Breed Type Reproduces Breed Type
92(1)
5.4 Developing a Breed Standard
93(1)
5.5 Breed Standards and Genetic Diversity
94(3)
5.6 Breed Standards and Breed Loss
97(1)
5.7 Standard Traits That Can Be Detrimental
98(1)
5.8 Qualitative and Quantitative Traits
99(1)
5.9 Changes to the Breed Standard
100(2)
6 Principles of Genetic Management
102(20)
6.1 Linebreeding and Inbreeding
103(4)
6.2 Outcrossing: Crossbreeding and Linecrossing
107(2)
6.3 Defining Matings as "Related" or "Unrelated"
109(3)
6.4 Linebreeding or Outcrossing: Which Is Best?
112(7)
6.5 Rational Crossbreeding
119(3)
7 Selection as a Genetic Management Tool
122(14)
7.1 Degree of Selection
125(2)
7.2 Selection and Breed-Specific Traits
127(2)
7.3 Genetic Drift
129(1)
7.4 Single Gene Traits
130(4)
7.5 Polygenic Traits
134(2)
8 Evaluating Individual Animals
136(17)
8.1 Competitive Shows
137(2)
8.2 Card Grading
139(2)
8.3 Non-Competitive Exhibition
141(1)
8.4 Performance Testing
142(11)
8.4.1 Adaptation
144(4)
8.4.2 Temperament and Behavior
148(2)
8.4.3 Longevity
150(1)
8.4.4 Comprehensive Strategies
151(2)
9 Practical Aspects of Genetic Management
153(13)
9.1 Selection of Animals for Reproduction
153(1)
9.2 Pairing of Animals within Purebred Breeds
154(5)
9.3 Strategic Selection of Specific Mates
159(1)
9.4 Strategic Use of Coefficients of Inbreeding
160(1)
9.5 Use of Estimated Breeding Values
161(1)
9.6 Breeding Goals for Various Sorts of Breeders
162(1)
9.7 Poultry Breeds and Breeders
163(3)
10 Assisted Reproduction Techniques
166(12)
10.1 Artificial Insemination
166(4)
10.2 Embryo Transfer
170(1)
10.3 In Vitro Fertilization
171(1)
10.4 Cloning
171(1)
10.5 Cryopreservation
172(6)
10.5.1 Selection of Samples and Numbers to Conserve
174(2)
10.5.2 Sampling Standardized Breeds
176(1)
10.5.3 Sampling Landraces
176(1)
10.5.4 Sampling Feral Populations
177(1)
11 Animal Identification
178(5)
12 Population Analysis
183(29)
12.1 Census
184(9)
12.1.1 Numbers of Animals
185(4)
12.1.2 Monitoring Bloodlines, Strains, and Families
189(1)
12.1.3 Monitoring Health Issues
190(3)
12.2 DNA Analysis
193(13)
12.2.1 DNA: Microsatellites
194(7)
12.2.2 DNA: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
201(1)
12.2.3 DNA: Mitochondria
202(1)
12.2.4 DNA: Y Chromosomes
203(1)
12.2.5 Other Uses of DNA Technology
203(3)
12.3 Pedigree-Based Analyses
206(4)
12.3.1 Pedigree-Based Inbreeding Coefficients
206(1)
12.3.2 Pedigree-Based Kinship Levels
207(1)
12.3.3 Foundation Bloodline Analysis
207(2)
12.3.4 Popular (or Rare) Sires (or Dams)
209(1)
12.4 Summary
210(2)
13 Maintaining Breeds for Long-Term Success
212(23)
13.1 Genetic Bottlenecks
212(2)
13.2 Monitoring Effective Population Size
214(3)
13.3 Generation Interval
217(3)
13.4 Inbreeding and Loss of Diversity
220(2)
13.5 Monitoring Inbreeding
222(1)
13.6 Inbreeding within Individual Herds
223(1)
13.7 Inbreeding within Breeds
224(3)
13.8 Combining Linebreeding and Linecrossing
227(1)
13.9 Inbreeding and Linebreeding to Expand Rare Genetics
228(2)
13.10 Managing Contributions of Individual Animals
230(5)
14 Specific Plans for Maintenance Breeding
235(26)
14.1 "Regular" Conservation Breeding
235(5)
14.2 Variations on "Regular" Conservation Breeding
240(4)
14.2.1 Strategies for Tracking Animals to Manage Bloodlines
241(1)
14.2.2 Small Populations with Single Males
242(1)
14.2.3 Managing Populations Where Males Have Long Careers
242(2)
14.3 Species Considerations for Conservation Breeding
244(4)
14.3.1 Sheep and Goats
244(2)
14.3.2 Swine
246(1)
14.3.3 Rabbits
246(1)
14.3.4 Poultry
246(1)
14.3.5 Horses and Donkeys
247(1)
14.3.6 Dogs
248(1)
14.4 Rotational Breeding or Spiral Breeding
248(4)
14.5 Poultry Plans (except Geese!)
252(6)
14.5.1 The Felch Method
255(2)
14.5.2 Sequential Rotation of Male Poultry
257(1)
14.5.3 Only Two Lines Available: Poultry, Swine, and Rabbits
257(1)
14.5.4 "Double Mating" of Poultry
257(1)
14.6 Trio Breeding Plan for Rabbits and Others
258(3)
15 Rescuing Small Populations: General Aspects
261(9)
15.1 General Guiding Principles
263(4)
15.2 Subdivision of Populations
267(1)
15.3 Species-Specific Considerations
268(2)
16 Specific Plans for Rescue Breeding
270(36)
16.1 One Male, Several Females
271(6)
16.1.1 Jericho Goats
275(2)
16.2 One Male, Several Females, Some Inbreeding Depression
277(4)
16.2.1 Palmer-Dunn Pineywoods Cattle
280(1)
16.3 Multiple Males, Multiple Females, All Variably Inbred
281(4)
16.3.1 Randall Lineback Cattle
283(2)
16.4 One Male, Multiple Herds of Females
285(3)
16.4.1 Criollo Macabeo Cattle
287(1)
16.5 One Large Herd with Satellite Populations
288(3)
16.5.1 Marsh Tacky Horses
290(1)
16.6 Breeds with Multiple Rare Bloodlines
291(6)
16.6.1 Choctaw/Cherokee/Huasteca Horses
291(2)
16.6.2 Rare Strain Pineywoods Cattle
293(1)
16.6.3 Java Chickens
294(3)
16.7 Too Few Animals for Stand-Alone Conservation
297(1)
16.7.1 Eggerton Myotonic Goats
298(1)
16.8 Single Animal of Conservation Interest
298(4)
16.8.1 Glendhu Leicester Longwool Sheep
300(2)
16.9 Frozen Semen Available from Historic Stores
302(2)
16.9.1 Shorthorn Cattle
302(2)
16.10 Managing a Genetic Defect
304(2)
16.10.1 Akhal-Teke Naked Foal Syndrome
304(2)
17 Putting the Lessons Together: Dexter Cattle
306(9)
18 External Factors Affecting Breeds
315(22)
18.1 Market Demand
315(5)
18.2 Crossbreeding
320(2)
18.3 Regulations
322(2)
18.4 Imports
324(13)
18.4.1 Imports That Contribute Substantially to Conservation Efforts
325(4)
18.4.2 Imports That Enhance American Bloodlines
329(1)
18.4.3 Imports That Hamper Conservation in the Country of Origin
329(1)
18.4.4 Imports That Endanger American Bloodlines and Breeds
329(7)
18.4.5 Assessment of Importations
336(1)
19 General Principles for Breed Associations
337(17)
19.1 Purposes of Associations
339(1)
19.2 Membership
340(1)
19.3 Breed Associations for Endangered Breeds
341(1)
19.4 Communication
341(2)
19.5 Multiple Breed Associations
343(3)
19.6 Codes of Ethics
346(1)
19.7 Educational Programs
346(1)
19.8 Research
347(1)
19.9 Recruiting and Training New Breeders
348(2)
19.10 Breed Promotion
350(1)
19.11 Breed Sale Events
351(1)
19.12 Assuring Continuity
352(2)
20 Practical Details of Breed Associations
354(15)
20.1 Forms of Association
354(4)
20.1.1 Private Associations
354(2)
20.1.2 Unincorporated Associations
356(1)
20.1.3 Incorporated Associations
357(1)
20.2 Bylaws
358(1)
20.3 Board of Directors
359(1)
20.3.1 Directors and Officers
360(1)
20.4 Networks of Breed Associations
360(2)
20.5 Promoting the Association
362(1)
20.6 Association Responsibilities
362(5)
20.6.1 Conservation Responsibilities
363(1)
20.6.2 Reporting Pedigree Information
363(2)
20.6.3 Reporting Breed Health Status
365(1)
20.6.4 Reporting Measures of Genetic Diversity
365(1)
20.6.5 Programs to Save Herds in Peril
365(1)
20.6.6 Development of Long-Range Conservation Plans
366(1)
20.6.7 Dispelling False Rumors Quickly
367(1)
20.7 Conflict of Interest
367(1)
20.8 Local and Regional Groups
368(1)
21 Registry
369(17)
21.1 Registration
369(1)
21.2 Pedigrees
370(3)
21.3 Pedigree Recording Systems
373(1)
21.4 Litter Recording
374(1)
21.5 Stud Reports
375(1)
21.6 Selective Recording Systems
375(1)
21.7 Registrations Are Important
376(1)
21.8 Closed Herd Book Registries
377(2)
21.9 Open Herd Book Registries
379(2)
21.10 Registration of Crossbreds and Partbreds
381(2)
21.11 Registration for Extensively Raised Landraces
383(1)
21.12 Starting a Registry
384(2)
22 Breeder Responsibilities
386(8)
22.1 Master Breeders
388(4)
22.2 Breeds, Breeders, Associations, and the Future
392(2)
Appendices
Appendix 1 Phenotypic Matrix for Colonial Spanish Horses
394(3)
Appendix 2 A Protocol for Bloodline Analysis
397(2)
Appendix 3 A Protocol for Assessing Popular Sires or Dams
399(2)
Appendix 4 Sample Bylaws
401(7)
Index 408
D. Phillip Sponenberg, DVM, PhD is Professor of Pathology and Genetics at the Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine. His breed conservation endeavors include technical adviser for the Livestock Conservancy as well as extensive work in Latin America. This work has been pivotal in saving several endangered livestock breeds. Jeannette Beranger is the Senior Program Manager for The Livestock Conservancy. With over 30 years' experience as an animal professional in veterinary and zoological institutions, she implements conservation programs, conducts field research, and advises farmers working with rare breeds. Recently she was honored as one of the top "45 Amazing Country Women in America" by Country Woman magazine for her long standing dedication to endangered breed conservation. Alison Martin is Executive Director at The Livestock Conservancy, USA. She has a PhD in Genetics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia, where she specialized in disease resistance in poultry.