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Manufacturing Facilities: Location, Planning, and Design, Third Edition 3rd edition [Kietas viršelis]

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(Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 824 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 1310 g, 318 Tables, black and white; 101 Halftones, black and white; 402 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Dec-2008
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1420044222
  • ISBN-13: 9781420044225
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Manufacturing Facilities: Location, Planning, and Design, Third Edition 3rd editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 824 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 1310 g, 318 Tables, black and white; 101 Halftones, black and white; 402 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Dec-2008
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1420044222
  • ISBN-13: 9781420044225
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Kitos knygos iš šio išskirtinio pasiūlymo: Taylor & Francis siūlo daug technologijos knygų ISE (International Student Edition) kainomis
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781420044225.html
Raktažodžiai:
Aimed at engineers, facility planners, and students in manufacturing programs, this volume covers aspects related to the location, planning, and design of manufacturing facilities, including automation, labor and equipment, and computer integrated manufacturing systems. This edition has been revised to incorporate new advances and approaches, including a new chapter on lean manufacturing, new mathematical methods and practical application problems, emerging practices in planning and design, and new illustrations in explaining material handling. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Fierce global competition in manufacturing has made proficient facilities planning a mandatory issue in industrial engineering and technology. From plant layout and materials handling to quality function deployment and design considerations, Manufacturing Facilities: Location, Planning, and Design, Third Edition covers a wide range of topics crucial to the efficiency of a well-planned facility.

Proper Planning

Thoroughly updated and revised, the third edition of this classic volume provides the information and analytical tools necessary to move from product designs to production plans and then details all of the planning techniques needed to build a manufacturing facility where safety, efficiency, and profit are interdependent.

Divided into two parts, the first section describes all the factors involved in setting up a manufacturing plant. It covers product design, the choice of manufacturing processes, and plant layout, as well as production, material-handling, and storage systems. The author also highlights the importance of the selection of labor resources.

Proper Location

The second part examines subjective aspects, such as how to maximize efficiency and save resources. It discusses how to choose the best location and how to assign customers to each facility to minimize the overall cost of operation. It also reviews the process of selecting sites for proximity to emergency service facilities, and explains how to determine the best layout within a building for tool rooms, materials, machining, shipping, inspection, and other departments.

Proper Attitude

Wise planning results in efficient allocation of available resources for any project. This comprehensive reference empowers engineers, facility planners, and students in manufacturing programs to effectively develop both the method and the mindset required to create an efficient and integrated production facility.

Preface xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Nature and Scope of Part I
1
1.2 Nature and Scope of Part II
3
1.3 The Role of a Facility Planner
5
1.4 Computer Programs
5
Suggested Readings
6
PART 1 Planning and Design
Chapter 2 Product Development
9
2.1 Market Research
9
2.1.1 Market Potential
10
2.1.2 Collection of Data
11
2.1.3 Survey Form
11
2.1.4 Basic Steps in Market Research
12
2.1.5 Market Decision
13
2.1.6 An Example of Market Research
13
2.2 Quality Function Deployment
17
2.3 Forecasting
20
2.3.1 Error Measuring
21
2.3.2 Forecasting Methods
21
2.3.2.1 Moving Average
21
2.3.2.2 Weighted Moving Average
22
2.3.2.3 Exponential Smoothing
23
2.3.2.4 Curve Fitting
25
2.3.3 Demand Forecasting for a New Company
28
2.4 Design
29
2.5 Design for Manufacture
31
2.5.1 Design Principles in DFM
31
2.5.2 Concurrent Engineering
33
2.5.3 Role of QFD, DFM, and CE in Facility Planning
33
2.6 Drawings
34
2.6.1 Bill of Materials
34
2.6.2 Additional Drawings
36
2.7 Economic Evaluation of Processes
37
2.8 Computer-Aided Design
40
2.9 Computer Program Description
43
2.9.1 Summary
43
Problems
44
Suggested Readings
48
Chapter 3 Automation
49
3.1 Sensing Methods
49
3.2 Bar Codes
51
3.2.1 Principles of Bar Code Technology
51
3.2.2 Bar Code Symbologies
51
3.2.2.1 2 of 5 Code
55
3.2.2.2 Interleaved 2 of 5 Code
56
3.2.2.3 Code 3 of 9
57
3.2.3 Universal Product Code
58
3.2.4 Applications of the Bar Code
61
3.2.5 Equipment Used in Bar Code Applications
62
3.2.5.1 Bar Code Readers
63
3.2.5.2 Bar Code Printers
65
3.2.5.3 Bar Code Verifiers/Analyzers
66
3.3 Radio Frequency Identification System
66
3.3.1 How Does The RFID System Work?
67
3.3.2 Radio Data Communication
68
3.4 Machine Vision
68
3.4.1 Applications of Machine Vision
69
3.4.2 Typical Machine Vision Setup
70
3.4.3 Uses of Machine Vision in Manufacturing
71
3.4.4 Two- and Three-Dimensional Machine Vision
71
3.4.5 Machine Vision Processing
72
3.5 Voice Input
77
3.6 Programmable Logic Controllers
77
3.6.1 PLC in Material Handling
82
3.7 Numerically Controlled Machines
86
3.7.1 Components of NC Machines
86
3.7.1.1 Instructions
86
3.7.1.2 Control Unit
87
3.7.1.3 Machine Tool
88
3.7.2 Machine System
88
3.7.2.1 Conventional NC Machine
88
3.7.2.2 Direct Numerical Control
89
3.7.2.3 Computer Numerical Control
89
3.7.2.4 Modern DNC
89
3.7.3 Advantages of NC Machines
90
3.7.4 Classification of NC Machines
90
3.8 Industrial Robots
93
3.8.1 Degrees of Freedom
93
3.8.2 Classification of Robots
94
3.8.3 Robot Programming
94
3.8.4 Selecting a Robot
94
3.8.5 Summary
95
Problems
96
Suggested Readings
101
Chapter 4 Production Charts and Systems
103
4.1 Production Charts
103
4.1.1 Symbols and Descriptions
103
4.1.2 Assembly and Operation Process Charts
104
4.1.3 Time Estimates
106
4.1.4 Routing Sheet or Production Work Order
107
4.1.5 Other Charts
108
4.1.5.1 Left-Hand, Right-Hand Chart
108
4.1.5.2 Gang Chart
109
4.1.5.3 Gantt Chart
110
4.1.5.4 Flow Process Chart
111
4.2 Production Systems
111
4.2.1 Job Shop Production
111
4.2.2 Batch Production
113
4.2.3 Mass Production
114
4.2.4 Cellular and Flexible Manufacturing
114
4.3 Cell Formation in Group Technology
116
4.3.1 Solution Procedure
117
4.3.1.1 Phase I
117
4.3.1.2 Phase II
119
4.3.1.3 Phase III: Further Group Evaluation with Additional Objectives
123
4.3.1.4 Phase III Procedure
123
4.3.2 Layout Considerations with Cellular Manufacturing
128
4.4 Labor Assignments
128
4.4.1 Labor Assignment in Production Lines
129
4.4.1.1 Labor Planning
132
4.4.2 Assembly Line Balancing
132
4.4.2.1 Balancing Procedures
133
4.4.3 Parallel Grouping of Stations
139
4.4.4 Computerized Assembly Line Programs
141
4.4.4.1 Applicable Programs by Others
141
4.5 Computer Program Description
141
4.5.1 Assembly Line Balancing (in GW-BASIC)
142
4.5.1.1 Largest Candidate Rule
142
4.5.1.2 RPW Method
142
4.5.2 GT Computer Programs
142
4.5.2.1 Group
143
4.5.2.2 Largroup
144
4.6 Summary
144
Problems
147
Suggested Readings
152
Chapter 5 Requirements and Selection of Machines and Labor
155
5.1 Machine Selection
155
5.1.1 Make-or-Buy Analysis
155
5.1.2 Sources of Information
158
5.1.2.1 Books and Periodicals
158
5.1.2.2 Computer Databases
159
5.1.3 Production Arrangement
160
5.1.4 Cost Consideration
160
5.1.5 Available Capacity
160
5.1.6 Required Capacity
162
5.1.7 Number of Machines Needed
162
5.1.7.1 Extensions of Variations on Stage Analysis
164
5.1.7.2 System Decomposition
166
5.1.8 Machine Specifications
169
5.1.9 Auxiliary Equipment
171
5.2 Labor Requirement and Selection
171
5.2.1 Job Evaluation
171
5.2.1.1 Sample Job Evaluation: Machine Shop Supervisor...
173
5.2.1.2 Sample Job Evaluation: Salary Determination
173
5.2.2 Standard Job Analysis
174
5.2.3 Job Definition and Description
175
5.3 Machine Coupling
177
5.3.1 Example of Machine Coupling
177
5.3.1.1 Alternative A
177
5.3.1.2 Alternative B
178
5.3.1.3 Alternative C
178
5.3.1.4 Alternative D
180
5.4 Total Personnel Requirement
181
5.5 Summary
183
Problems
183
Suggested Readings
187
Chapter 6 Lean Manufacturing and Supply Chain
189
6.1 Lean Manufacturing
189
6.1.1 5S System
190
6.1.1.1 Sort
190
6.1.1.2 Straighten
191
6.1.1.3 Shine
193
6.1.1.4 Standardize
193
6.1.1.5 Sustain
193
6.1.2 Six Sigma
194
6.1.2.1 Define
194
6.1.2.2 Measure
194
6.1.2.3 Analyze
195
6.1.2.4 Improve
197
6.1.2.5 Control
197
6.1.2.6 Replicate
198
6.1.3 Kaizen Philosophy
198
6.1.4 Andon
199
6.1.5 Takt Time
200
6.1.6 Single Minute Exchange of Die
201
6.1.7 Value Stream Mapping
202
6.1.8 Kanban
207
6.1.9 Total Production Maintenance
209
6.1.9.1 Available Time on Machine
209
6.1.9.2 Machine Speed
210
6.1.9.3 Increase Yield
210
6.1.10 Visual Management
212
6.1.11 Multiskill Workers
213
6.1.12 A Case Study in Lean
214
6.1.13 Toyota Production System
242
6.2 Supply Chain
242
6.2.1 Distribution Problem
243
6.2.2 Aggregate Planning Model
244
6.2.2.1 Formulation and Solution
245
6.2.3 Just-in-Time Production/Pickups
247
6.2.3.1 Linear Heuristic Programming Formulation
248
6.3 Summary
251
Problems
251
Chapter 7 Building, Organization, Communications, and Selected Support Requirements
255
7.1 Building
255
7.1.1 Conventional Building Characteristics
255
7.1.1.1 Structure
256
7.1.1.2 Walls
256
7.1.1.3 Floor
256
7.1.1.4 Roof
257
7.1.1.5 Interior
257
7.1.2 Prefabricated Buildings
258
7.2 Organization
258
7.2.1 Organizational Concepts
258
7.2.2 Organization Charts
259
7.2.3 Organizational Structures
259
7.2.3.1 Line Organization
259
7.2.3.2 Staff-Line Organization
260
7.2.3.3 Product Organization
261
7.2.3.4 Matrix Organization
262
7.2.4 Selection of Organization Structure
262
7.3 Communications
263
7.3.1 Written Messages
263
7.3.2 Spoken Messages
263
7.3.3 Methods of Presentation
263
7.3.4 Documentation
264
7.4 Support Facilities and Requirements
265
7.4.1 Shop Offices
265
7.4.2 Inspection
265
7.4.3 Maintenance
265
7.4.4 Tool room
267
7.4.5 Tool Crib
267
7.4.6 Lockers/Changing Area
268
7.4.7 Lavatories
269
7.4.8 Janitorial and Custodial Services
270
7.4.9 Eating Area
271
7.4.10 Security Force
273
7.4.11 Parking Lot
273
7.4.12 Medical Facilities
274
7.4.13 Noise Exposure
275
7.5 Summary
275
Problems
276
Suggested Readings
277
Chapter 8 Material Handling Principles and Equipment Description
279
8.1 Definition of Material Handling
279
8.2 Objectives of Material Handling
280
8.3 Material-Handling Equipment Types
280
8.3.1 Conveyors
280
8.3.1.1 Advantages of Conveyors
281
8.3.1.2 Disadvantages of Conveyors
281
8.3.2 Cranes and Hoists
281
8.3.2.1 Advantages of Cranes and Hoists
283
8.3.2.2 Disadvantages of Cranes and Hoists
283
8.3.3 Trucks
283
8.3.3.1 Advantages of Trucks
283
8.3.3.2 Disadvantages of Trucks
284
8.4 Degrees of Mechanization
285
8.5 The Unit Load Concept
286
8.6 Principles of Material Handling
286
8.6.1 Compatibility of the Principles
288
8.6.2 Difficulties in Applications of the Principles
288
8.7 Material-Handling Cost
289
8.8 Relationship between Material Handling and Plant Layout
289
8.9 MHS Design
290
8.10 Dilemma of an Analyzer
290
8.11 Specifications of the Design
291
8.12 Analyzing an Existing MHS
292
8.13 Productivity Ratios
295
8.13.1 Material-Handling/Labor (MHL) Ratio
295
8.13.2 Handling Equipment Utilization (HEU) Ratio
295
8.13.3 Storage Space Utilization (SSU) Ratio
295
8.13.4 Aisle Space Percentage (ASP)
296
8.13.5 Movement Operation (MO) Ratio
296
8.13.6 Manufacturing Cycle Efficiency (MCE)
296
8.13.7 Damaged Loads (DL) Ratio
296
8.13.8 Energy Ratio (ER)
296
8.13.9 Equipment Used for Material Handling
297
8.13.10 Equipment Types
297
8.13.10.1 Equipment Description
298
8.13.10.2 Accessories
323
8.13.10.3 Optical Code, or Bar Code, Reader
325
8.14 Summary
326
Problems
327
Suggested Reading
328
Chapter 9 Material Handling Equipment Selection
329
9.1 Basics of Equipment Selection
329
9.1.1 Work Volume Analysis
333
9.2 Robots in Material Handling
342
9.2.1 Robot Grippers for Loading and Unloading Operations
342
9.2.2 Calculation of Cycle Times
342
9.2.3 Sequential Loading
343
9.3 AGVs in Material Handling
349
9.3.1 Introducing an AGV in the Manufacturing Plant
351
9.4 Simulation of an AGV Material-Handling System
353
9.4.1 Explanation of Simulation Logic
359
9.4.1.1 Line 1
359
9.4.1.2 Line 2
359
9.4.1.3 Line 3
359
9.4.1.4 Lines 4 and 5
360
9.4.1.5 Lines 6 and 7
361
9.4.1.6 Line 8
361
9.4.1.7 Line 9
361
9.4.1.8 Line 10
361
9.4.1.8 Line 11
361
9.4.1.9 Line 12
361
9.4.1.10 Line 13
361
9.4.1.11 Line 14
361
9.4.1.12 Line 15
362
9.4.1.13 Line 16
362
9.4.1.14 Line 17
362
9.4.1.15 Line 18
362
9.5 Summary
363
Problems
363
Suggested Readings
367
Chapter 10 Material Handling Flow Lines, Grouping, and Packaging
369
10.1 Flow Pattern in Assembly Lines
369
10.1.1 Serial and Modular Conveyor Systems
369
10.1.2 Banking
371
10.1.2.1 Machine Layouts
374
10.1.3 Queuing Models
383
10.1.4 Closed-Loop Conveyor Systems
389
10.1.5 Automated Controls and Transfers
393
10.1.5.1 Automated Transfer Machines
395
10.1.5.2 Monorails
395
10.1.6 Horizontal and Vertical Flow
395
10.1.7 Material Flow in Cellular and Job Shops
397
10.2 Machine Grouping in Cellular Manufacturing with Reduction of Material Handling as the Objective
397
10.2.1 Economic Analysis
404
10.2.2 Evaluation Procedure
409
10.2.2.1 Solution with a Single Cell
409
10.2.2.2 Solution with P = 0.1-0.6
410
10.3 Machine Placement in Job Shop or Cellular Manufacturing
413
10.3.1 Phase I: Initial Solution
413
10.3.1.1 Facility or Machine Chain
413
10.3.1.2 Location Chain
414
10.3.2 Phase II: Improvement Routine
414
10.3.2.1 Initial Solution
414
10.4 Packaging
420
10.4.1 Functions
420
10.4.2 Protection
423
10.4.3 Design and Material Considerations
423
10.4.3.1 Glass
423
10.4.3.2 Metal
424
10.4.3.3 Paper Products
424
10.4.3.4 Cartons
424
10.4.3.5 Bags
425
10.4.3.6 Wood
426
10.4.4 Consolidation and Palletizing
426
10.4.4.1 Shrink/Stretch Film
427
10.4.4.2 Strapping
427
10.4.4.3 Labeling
428
10.4.4.4 Final Step
428
10.4.5 Packaging Equipment
428
10.4.5.1 Automatic Adhesive Sealers
428
10.4.5.2 Automatic Tape Sealers
428
10.4.5.3 Stitchers
428
10.4.5.4 Staplers
429
10.4.5.5 Wrappers
429
10.4.5.6 Wrappers
429
10.4.5.7 Palletizers
429
10.5 Reducing Packaging Costs
430
10.5.1 Design
430
10.5.2 Material
431
10.5.3 Production
431
10.6 Designing a Packaging Area
431
10.7 Computer Program Description
432
10.7.1 Machine Grouping to Reduce Material Handling
432
10.7.2 Machine Placement in Flexible Manufacturing
433
10.8 Summary
433
Problems
434
Suggested Readings
440
Chapter 11 Storage and Warehousing
441
11.1 Warehouse Ownership
441
11.2 Storage/Warehouse Location
442
11.3 Building
442
11.3.1 Building and Layout Considerations
443
11.3.2 Space Determination
444
11.4 Material Requirement Planning
446
11.4.1 Data for MRP
447
11.4.2 MRP Procedure
448
11.4.3 Order Quantity
450
11.4.4 Part Period Balancing (PPB)
451
11.4.5 Safety Stock Considerations
453
11.4.6 Lead Time Considerations
453
11.5 Storage/Warehouse Functions
454
11.6 Storage and Warehouse Operations
455
11.6.1 Storage Policies
455
11.6.2 Order Picking Policies
458
11.7 Accessories
461
11.7.1 Storage Racks
462
11.7.1.1 Selective Pallet Racks
462
11.7.1.2 Movable-Shelf Racks
463
11.7.1.3 Drive-In and Drive-Through Racks
463
11.7.1.4 Cantilever Racks
464
11.7.1.5 Stacker Crane Racks
464
11.7.1.6 Portable Racks
465
11.7.1.7 Rack Buildings
465
11.7.1.8 Fire Prevention
465
11.8 Stock Location
466
11.9 Automated Storage and Retrieval
467
11.9.1 Design of AS/R Systems
468
11.9.2 Cost Estimate
471
11.9.3 Order Picking in an AS/R System
471
11.10 Loading Docks
473
11.11 Dock Doors
477
11.12 Computer Program Description
479
11.12.1 Material Requirement Planning
479
11.12.1.1 Option 1 (Enter the BOM File)
479
11.12.1.2 Option 2 (Process the BOM File)
481
11.12.1.3 Option 3 (Load the BOM File)
483
11.12.1.4 Option 4 (Save the BOM File)
484
11.12.1.5 Option 5 (Exit)
484
11.12.2 Caveats
484
11.13 Summary
484
Problems
486
Suggested Readings
490
Chapter 12 Plant and Office Layout Conventional Approach
493
12.1 Procedure
493
12.2 Detailed Layout
508
12.3 Materials Used in Plant Layout Illustrations
514
12.4 Developing and Analyzing Plant Layouts
515
12.5 Presenting the Layout
517
12.6 Office Layout
519
12.7 Recent Trends in Office Layout
525
12.7.1 Modular Workstation Approach
526
12.7.2 Cluster Workstation Approach
526
12.7.3 Office Landscaping Approach
527
12.8 Plot Planning
528
12.9 Computer Program Description
529
12.9.1 Computer Layout Design II
529
12.10 Summary
539
Problems
540
Suggested Readings
543
Chapter 13 Computer-Aided Plant Layout
545
13.1 Characteristics of the Problems
545
13.2 Data Requirements
546
13.3 Approaches and Types of Procedures
546
13.4 Mathematical Programming
547
13.5 Heuristics
549
13.5.1 Computerized Relationship Layout Planning
550
13.5.2 Plant Layout Analysis and Evaluation Technique
552
13.5.2.1 Method A
553
13.5.2.2 Method B
553
13.5.2.3 Method C
553
13.5.3 Modular Allocation Technique
555
13.5.4 Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique
556
13.6 Probabilistic Approaches
559
13.6.1 Random Selection
559
13.6.2 Biased Sampling
559
13.6.3 Simulation
560
13.7 Recent Plant Layout Software
560
13.7.1 CATIA Plant Layout 1
560
13.7.1.1 Features
561
13.7.1.2 Key Customer Benefits
561
13.7.2 PlantWise
563
13.7.3 CADWorx Plant and Plant Professional by COADE, Inc
563
13.7.3.1 2D and 3D Piping
564
13.7.3.2 Structural Steel
564
13.7.3.3 Equipment
564
13.7.3.4 Ducting/Cable Trays
564
13.7.3.5 Automatic Isometrics
564
13.7.3.6 Piping Specifications
564
13.7.3.7 Bills of Material
565
13.7.3.8 Export to External Database
565
13.7.3.9 Bidirectional Links to Stress Analysis
565
13.7.3.10 Automated Stress Isometrics
565
13.7.3.11 Live Database Links
565
13.7.3.12 CADWorx Equipment
565
13.7.3.13 Personal ISOGEN
566
13.7.3.14 Model Review and Walkthrough
566
13.7.4 Flow Planner
566
13.7.5 FactoryFLOW
566
13.7.5.1 The Shortest Distance Between Two Points
566
13.7.5.2 The Competitive Advantage
567
13.7.5.3 FactoryCAD
568
13.7.5.4 Major Capabilities
569
13.8 Summary
570
Problems
570
Suggested Readings
572
Chapter 14 Simultaneous Development of Plant Layout and Material Handling
575
14.1 An Algorithm for MH Equipment Selection
576
14.1.1 Phase I: Construction of an Initial Feasible Solution
578
14.1.1.1 Calculating the Rectilinear Distances between the Departments
578
14.1.1.2 Determining a Conveyor System for the Entire MH Task
578
14.1.1.3 Designing a Truck System for the Entire MH Task
578
14.1.2 Phase II: Improvement Procedure
582
14.2 Illustrative Example 1
584
14.2.1 Initial Data Preparation
584
14.2.2 Application of the Heuristic Procedure
589
14.2.2.1 Phase I: Construction of an Initial Feasible Solution
589
14.2.2.2 Phase II: Improvement Procedure
593
14.3 An Iterative Process for Layout and Optimum MH Development
597
14.4 Illustrative Example 2
601
14.5 Comparison of the Analytical and Heuristic Approaches for MH System Development
604
14.6 Computer Program Description
605
14.7 Summary
605
Problems
605
Suggested Readings
609
Chapter 15 Plant Site Selection and Service (Support) Considerations
611
15.1 Plant Site Selection
611
15.1.1 Factors Influencing Site Selection
612
15.1.1.1 Transportation Facilities
612
15.1.1.2 Adequate Labor Supply
613
15.1.1.3 Availability of Land
613
15.1.1.4 Nearness to Markets
613
15.1.1.5 Suitable Utilities
613
15.1.1.6 Proximity of Raw Materials
614
15.1.1.7 Geographical and Weather Considerations
614
15.1.1.8 Taxes and Legal Considerations
614
15.1.1.9 Community Considerations
615
15.1.1.10 National Security
615
15.1.1.11 Proximity to an Existing Plant
615
15.1.2 Procedures for Site Selection
615
15.1.3 Industrial Parks
617
15.2 Utilities Specifications
617
15.2.1 Water
617
15.2.2 Electricity
618
15.2.3 Lighting
618
15.2.3.1 Development of the Light Arrangement in the Work Area
619
15.2.3.2 Working Environment
620
15.2.3.3 Ceiling and Wall Reflectivity
620
15.2.3.4 Volume of Space Between Light Fixtures and Work Area
621
15.2.3.5 Minimum Illumination Level (MIL)
622
15.2.4 Compressed Air
625
15.2.5 Process Waste Products
625
15.2.6 Steam
625
15.2.7 Ventilation
625
15.2.8 Waste Disposal and Treatment
626
15.2.9 Air-Conditioning and Heating
626
15.2.10 Telephone Services
633
15.2.11 Conservation Measures
633
15.3 Insurance
638
15.3.1 Types of Insurance
639
15.3.2 Commercial Lines
639
15.3.2.1 Essential Coverages
639
15.3 Safety
642
15.3.1 When to Plan
643
15.3.2 Regulation
643
15.3.3 Responsibility within a Plant
644
15.3.4 Safety Program
644
15.3.5 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
647
15.3.6 Assisting Individuals in Wheelchairs
648
15.3.6.1 Flooring
648
15.3.6.2 Parking
648
15.3.6.3 Accessible Paths
649
15.3.6.4 Workstation
649
15.3.7 Assisting Visually and Hearing Impaired People
649
15.3.7.1 Headroom
649
15.3.7.2 Objects Protruding from Walls
649
15.3.8 Other Considerations
650
15.3.8.1 Emergencies
650
15.3.8.2 Lavatories
650
15.3.8.3 Toilet Stalls, Urinals, and Drinking Fountains
650
15.4 Taxes
650
15.4.1 Federal Income Tax
651
15.4.2 Social Security Act
651
15.4.3 Unemployment Compensation
653
15.4.4 Sales Taxes
654
15.4.5 Property Taxes
654
15.4.5 Comments
654
15.5 Financial Statements
654
15.6 Computer Program Description
656
15.7 Summary
662
Problems
663
Suggested Readings
665
Chapter 16 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing System
667
16.1 Systems and Files
667
16.2 Components of CIMS
669
16.2.1 Computer-Aided Design
669
16.2.2 Group Technology
670
16.2.3 Computer-Aided Manufacturing
670
16.2.4 Robots
671
16.2.5 Material Handling
671
16.2.6 Computer Systems
672
16.2.7 Control Software
673
16.3 Benefits and Deficiencies of CIMS
675
16.4 Planning for CIMS
675
16.5 System Providers
677
Problems
678
Suggested Readings
679
PART 2 Facility Location
Chapter 17 Basic Facility Location Problems
683
17.1 Single-Facility Placement Problem
683
17.1.1 Solution Procedure
683
17.1.2 Application to the Sample Problem
684
17.2 Multiple-Facility Placement Problem
684
17.3 Brute Force Approach
685
17.4 Heuristic Method for Problems Involving Facilities with Unlimited Capacities
688
17.4.1 Application
688
17.4.2 Validity
692
17.5 Other Methods
692
17.6 Computer Program Description
693
17.6.1 Heuristic Method
693
17.7 Summary
694
Problems
694
Suggested Readings
696
Chapter 18 Location Analysis with Fixed Costs
697
18.1 Heuristic Method for Solving Problems with Fixed Costs
698
18.2 Application
700
18.2.1 Solution
701
18.3 Unassignable Location
705
18.4 Computer Program Description
709
18.4.1 Purpose
709
18.4.2 Program Description
710
18.5 Summary
712
Problems
713
Suggested Readings
716
Chapter 19 Continuous Facility Location
717
19.1 Single-Facility Locations
718
19.1.1 Rectilinear Distance Cost
718
19.1.2 Single-Facility Location — Quadratic Cost
720
19.1.3 Euclidean Distance Cost
721
19.2 Multiple Facilities
723
19.2.1 Multiple Facilities of Different Types
723
19.2.1.1 Rectilinear Cost
723
19.2.1.2 Quadratic and Euclidean Distance Cost
727
19.3 Multiple Facilities of the Same Type
727
19.4 Computer Program Description
730
19.4.1 Single-Facility Problems
730
19.4.1.1 Rectilinear Distance Cost Method
730
19.4.1.2 Quadratic Cost Model
731
19.4.2 Multiple Facilities of the Same Type Problems
731
19.5 Summary
731
Problems
731
Suggested Readings
734
Appendix A: Engineering Economy Formulas 735
Appendix B: Quality Assurance Manual, Spring Controls, Inc 737
Appendix C: Queuing Results 745
Appendix D: Mathematical Formulation for Material Equipment Selection 747
Appendix E: Samples of Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Checklists 749
Appendix F: Case Studies 759
Appendix G: Manufacturing Facilities: Computer Programs 769
Index 773
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA