| Foreword |
|
xv | |
| Preface |
|
xvii | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
xix | |
| List of Abbreviations |
|
xxi | |
| Section 1 Research Methods |
|
1 | (164) |
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3 | (74) |
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4 | (4) |
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1A.2 Numerators, denominators, and populations at risk |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1A.4 Methods for summarising data |
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10 | (2) |
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1A.5 Incidence, prevalence, and standardisation |
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12 | (4) |
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16 | (1) |
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1A.7 Measures of disease burden |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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1A.9 Errors in epidemiological measurement |
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18 | (2) |
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1A.10 Concepts and measures of risk |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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1A.12 Association and causation |
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23 | (1) |
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1A.13 Biases and confounding |
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24 | (4) |
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1A.14 Effect modification |
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28 | (1) |
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1A.15 Control of confounding |
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29 | (2) |
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1A.16 Descriptive and ecological studies |
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31 | (1) |
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1A.17 Analytical and intervention studies |
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32 | (7) |
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1A.18 Small-area analysis |
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39 | (1) |
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1A.19 Validity, reliability, and generalisability |
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40 | (2) |
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1A.20 Intention-to-treat analysis |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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1A.22 Numbers needed to treat |
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44 | (1) |
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1A.23 Time trend analysis, time-series designs |
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45 | (3) |
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1A.24 Methods of sampling from a population |
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48 | (3) |
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1A.25 Methods of allocation in intervention studies |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (2) |
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1A.27 Studies of disease prognosis |
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55 | (1) |
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1A.28 Epidemiological research ethics |
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55 | (3) |
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1A.29 Life-table analysis |
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58 | (2) |
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1A.30 Epidemic theory and analysis of infectious disease data |
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60 | (4) |
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64 | (3) |
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1A.32 Electronic bibliographical databases |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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1A.35 Evidence-based medicine and policy |
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69 | (1) |
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1A.36 Hierarchy of research evidence |
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70 | (3) |
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1A.37 Cochrane collaboration |
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73 | (1) |
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1A.38 Genetic epidemiology |
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73 | (4) |
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77 | (42) |
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1B.1 Elementary probability theory |
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79 | (2) |
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1B.2 Methods for the quantification of uncertainty |
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81 | (1) |
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1B.3 Estimation of confidence intervals |
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82 | (2) |
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1B.4 Independence of events |
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84 | (1) |
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1B.5 Conditional probability |
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85 | (2) |
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1B.6 Standard statistical distributions |
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87 | (2) |
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1B.7 Sampling distributions |
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89 | (1) |
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1B.8 Principles of making inferences from a sample to a population |
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90 | (1) |
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1B.9 Measures of location and dispersion and their appropriate uses |
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90 | (3) |
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1B.10 Graphical methods in statistics |
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93 | (4) |
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97 | (1) |
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1B.12 Type 1 and Type 2 errors |
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98 | (1) |
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1B.13 Problems of multiple comparisons |
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99 | (1) |
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1B.14 Tests for comparing two or more groups |
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100 | (7) |
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1B.15 Sample size and statistical power |
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107 | (1) |
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1B.16 Regression and correlation |
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108 | (1) |
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1B.17 Regression techniques |
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109 | (1) |
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1B.18 Comparison of survival rates |
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110 | (3) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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1B.21 Role of Bayes' theorem |
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116 | (3) |
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1C Assessment and Evaluation |
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119 | (32) |
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1C.1 Need for health services |
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120 | (2) |
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1C.2 Participatory needs assessment |
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122 | (1) |
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1C.3 Service utilisation and performance |
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123 | (2) |
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1C.4 Measures of supply and demand |
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125 | (1) |
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1C.5 Study design to assess health services |
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125 | (2) |
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1C.6 Structure, process, and outcomes |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (5) |
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1C.8 Population health outcome indicators |
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134 | (1) |
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1C.9 Deprivation measures |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (2) |
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1C.11 Equity in healthcare |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (2) |
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1C.13 Confidential inquiry processes |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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1C.15 Economic evaluation |
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146 | (1) |
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1C.16 Epidemiological basis for preventive strategies |
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146 | (3) |
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1C.17 Health and environmental impact assessments |
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149 | (2) |
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1D Principles of Qualitative Methods |
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151 | (10) |
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1D.1 Overview of methods of data collection |
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151 | (2) |
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1D.2 Contribution of qualitative methods to public health research and policy |
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153 | (1) |
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1D.3 Appropriate use, analysis, and presentation of qualitative data |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (2) |
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1D.5 Common errors and their avoidance |
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158 | (2) |
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1D.6 Strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (4) |
| Section 2 Disease Causation and the Diagnostic Process in Relation to Public Health |
|
165 | (216) |
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2A Epidemiological Paradigms |
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167 | (2) |
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2A.1 Programming, life-course, and adult risk factor approaches |
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167 | (2) |
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2B Epidemiology of Specific Diseases |
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169 | (16) |
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2B.1 'Important' diseases |
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169 | (16) |
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2C Diagnosis and Screening |
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185 | (22) |
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2C.1 Screening for diseases |
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185 | (4) |
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2C.2 Statistical aspects of screening |
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189 | (3) |
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2C.3 Differences between screening and diagnostic tests and case finding |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (1) |
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2C.5 Pre- and post-test probability |
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196 | (2) |
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2C.6 Ethical, economic, legal, and social aspects of screening |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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2C.8 Planning, operation, and evaluation of screening programmes |
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201 | (3) |
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2C.9 Developing screening policies |
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204 | (2) |
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2C.10 Ethical, social, and legal implications of genetic screening tests |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (14) |
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2D.1 Elementary human genetics |
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207 | (3) |
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210 | (1) |
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2D.3 Basic genomic concepts |
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211 | (5) |
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2D.4 Disease in relatives |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (4) |
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2E Health and Social Behaviour |
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221 | (18) |
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221 | (3) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (2) |
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2E.5 Dietary recommendations |
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229 | (4) |
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233 | (3) |
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2E.7 Complex interventions |
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236 | (3) |
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239 | (26) |
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2F.1 Environmental determinants of disease |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (3) |
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2F.4 Principles of sustainability |
|
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (5) |
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2F.6 Monitoring and control of environmental hazards |
|
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252 | (4) |
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2F.7 Use of legislation in environmental control |
|
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256 | (2) |
|
2F.8 Health and safety at work |
|
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258 | (2) |
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2F.9 Occupation and health |
|
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260 | (1) |
|
2F.10 Health impact assessment for environmental pollution |
|
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (4) |
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265 | (56) |
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2G.1 States in the development of infectious diseases |
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265 | (3) |
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268 | (3) |
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271 | (1) |
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2G.4 Design, evaluation, and management of immunisation programmes |
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272 | (3) |
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2G.5 Choices in developing an immunisation strategy |
|
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275 | (1) |
|
2G.6 Outbreak investigations |
|
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276 | (2) |
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2G.7 Emergency preparedness and response to natural and man-made disasters |
|
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278 | (2) |
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2G.8 Important infectious diseases |
|
|
280 | (34) |
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2G.9 Organisation of infection control |
|
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314 | (2) |
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2G.10 Microbiological techniques |
|
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316 | (2) |
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2G.11 International aspects of communicable disease control |
|
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318 | (3) |
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2H Principles and Practice of Health Promotion |
|
|
321 | (38) |
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2H.1 Responsibility for health |
|
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321 | (2) |
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2H.2 Determinants of health |
|
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323 | (5) |
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328 | (3) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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2H.6 Settings for health promotion |
|
|
333 | (3) |
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2H.7 Models of health promotion |
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336 | (5) |
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341 | (1) |
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2H.9 Communication in health education |
|
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342 | (2) |
|
2H.10 Legislation and health promotion |
|
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344 | (3) |
|
2H.11 Programmes of health promotion |
|
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347 | (2) |
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2H.12 Community development methods |
|
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (3) |
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354 | (1) |
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2H.15 International initiatives |
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354 | (2) |
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2H.16 International health promotion initiatives |
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|
356 | (3) |
|
2I Disease Prevention and Models of Behaviour Change |
|
|
359 | (15) |
|
2I.1 Prevention in the early years |
|
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359 | (5) |
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2I.2 Pre-determinants of health |
|
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364 | (2) |
|
2I.3 Individual behaviour change |
|
|
366 | (1) |
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2I.4 Role of social marketing |
|
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366 | (2) |
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2I.5 Involving the public |
|
|
368 | (2) |
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2I.6 Deprivation and its effect on health |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
2I.7 Community development |
|
|
371 | (1) |
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2I.8 Health impact assessment |
|
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371 | (1) |
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2I.9 Strategic partnerships |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
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373 | (1) |
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|
374 | (7) |
| Section 3 Health Information |
|
381 | (54) |
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|
383 | (18) |
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383 | (3) |
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3A.2 Collection of routine and ad hoc data |
|
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386 | (1) |
|
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387 | (1) |
|
3A.4 Major demographic differences |
|
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388 | (4) |
|
3A.5 Methods of population estimation and projection |
|
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392 | (1) |
|
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393 | (1) |
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3A.7 Population projections |
|
|
394 | (1) |
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3A.8 Effects on population structure of fertility, mortality, and migration |
|
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395 | (2) |
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3A.9 Historical changes in population size and structure and factors underlying them |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
3A.10 Effects of demographic change on healthcare |
|
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398 | (1) |
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3A.11 Policies to address population growth nationally and internationally |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
|
|
401 | (18) |
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3B.1 Routine mortality and morbidity data |
|
|
401 | (6) |
|
3B.2 Biases and artefacts in population data |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
3B.3 International classification of diseases |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
3B.4 Measurements of health status |
|
|
410 | (1) |
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3B.5 Routine notification and registration systems |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
3B.6 Prescribing data and pharmacovigilance |
|
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412 | (4) |
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416 | (3) |
|
3C Applications of Health Services Information |
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419 | (14) |
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3C.1 Use of information for health service planning and evaluation |
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419 | (3) |
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3C.2 Specification and uses of information systems |
|
|
422 | (1) |
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3C.3 Common measures of health service provision and usage |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
3C.4 Mathematical modelling in health service planning |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
3C.5 Indices of needs for and outcome of services |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
3C.6 Issues with routine health information |
|
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428 | (2) |
|
3C.7 Information technology and healthcare provision |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
3C.8 Principles of information governance |
|
|
431 | (2) |
|
|
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433 | (2) |
| Section 4 Medical Sociology, Social Policy, and Health Economics |
|
435 | (92) |
|
|
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437 | (18) |
|
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|
437 | (3) |
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4A.2 Illness as a social role |
|
|
440 | (2) |
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4A.3 Concepts of health and well-being |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
4A.4 Concepts of primary and secondary deviance |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
4A.5 Stigma and how to tackle it |
|
|
444 | (3) |
|
4A.6 Impairment, disability, and handicap |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
4A.7 Social and structural iatrogenesis |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
4A.8 Role of medicine in society |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
4A.9 Social patterns of illness |
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
4A.10 Social factors in the aetiology of disease |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
4A.11 Social capital and social epidemiology |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
|
|
455 | (10) |
|
4B.1 Different approaches to healthcare |
|
|
455 | (4) |
|
4B.2 Hospitals as social institutions |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
4B.6 Psychology of decision-making in health behaviour |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
4C Equality, Equity, and Policy |
|
|
465 | (24) |
|
4C.1 Need and social justice |
|
|
465 | (4) |
|
4C.2 Priorities and rationing |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
4C.3 Balancing equity and efficiency |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
4C.4 Consumerism and community participation |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
4C.5 Prioritisation frameworks and equity of service provision |
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
4C.6 Public access to information |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
4C.7 User and carer involvement |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
4C.8 Power, interests, and ideology |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
4C.9 Inequalities in health and access to healthcare |
|
|
479 | (3) |
|
4C.10 Health and social effects of migration |
|
|
482 | (3) |
|
4C.11 Health effects of international trade |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
4C.12 Global influences on health and social policy |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
4C.13 Critical analysis of investment in health programmes in general and in global initiatives |
|
|
487 | (2) |
|
|
|
489 | (34) |
|
|
|
489 | (12) |
|
4D.2 Assessing performance |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
4D.3 Financial resource allocation |
|
|
502 | (3) |
|
4D.4 Healthcare systems and incentives |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
|
|
508 | (12) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (2) |
|
4D.8 Economic evaluation and priority setting |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
523 | (4) |
| Section 5 Organisation and Management of Healthcare and Healthcare Programmes |
|
527 | (78) |
|
5A Understanding Individuals, Teams/Groups, and Their Development |
|
|
529 | (18) |
|
5A.1 Individuals, groups, and team dynamics |
|
|
529 | (3) |
|
5A.2 Creativity and innovation |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
5A.3 Inter-professional learning |
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
5A.4 Personal management skills |
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
5A.6 Principles of leadership and delegation |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
5A.7 Effective communication |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
5A.8 Principles of negotiation and influencing |
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
|
543 | (2) |
|
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
5B Understanding Organisations, Their Function, and Structure |
|
|
547 | (8) |
|
5B.1 Organisational environments |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
5B.2 Evaluating internal resources and organisational capabilities |
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
5B.3 Stakeholder interests |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
5B.4 Inter-organisational relationships |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
5B.5 Social networks and communities of interest |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
5B.6 External influences on organisations |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (10) |
|
5C.1 Management models and theories |
|
|
555 | (4) |
|
5C.2 Frameworks and tools for managing change |
|
|
559 | (3) |
|
5C.3 Performance management |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
5D Policy and Strategy Development and Implementation |
|
|
565 | (20) |
|
5D.1 Differences between policy and strategy and the impact of policies on health |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
5D.2 Principles underpinning the development of policy options and the strategy for their delivery |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
5D.3 Stakeholder engagement in policy development including its facilitation and consideration of possible obstacles |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
5D.4 Implementation and evaluation of policies including the relevant concepts of power, interests, and ideology |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
5D.5 Problems of policy implementation |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
5D.6 Developing healthcare strategy |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
5D.7 Theories of strategic planning |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
5D.8 Analysis, in a theoretical context, of the effects of policies on health |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
5D.9 Major national and global policies relevant to public health |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
5D.10 Health service development and planning |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
5D.11 Health service funding |
|
|
577 | (8) |
|
5E Health and Social Service Quality |
|
|
585 | (8) |
|
5E.1 Principles underlying the development of clinical guidelines, clinical effectiveness and quality standards, and their application in health and social care |
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
5E.2 Public and patient involvement in health service planning |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
5E.3 Professional accountability, clinical governance, performance, and appraisal |
|
|
588 | (3) |
|
5E.4 Risk management and patient safety |
|
|
591 | (2) |
|
5F Finance, Management Accounting, and Relevant Theoretical Approaches |
|
|
593 | (8) |
|
5F.1 Cost of health services |
|
|
593 | (3) |
|
|
|
596 | (5) |
|
5F.3 Methods for audit of healthcare spending |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
|
|
601 | (4) |
| Section 6 Skills Tested in the Part A MFPH Examination |
|
605 | (36) |
|
6A Research Design and Critical Appraisal |
|
|
607 | (10) |
|
6A.1 Skills in the design of research studies |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (8) |
|
6A.3 Drawing conclusions from research |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
6B Drawing Conclusions from Data |
|
|
617 | (10) |
|
6B.1 Drawing conclusions from data |
|
|
617 | (10) |
|
6C Written Presentation Skills |
|
|
627 | (12) |
|
6C.1 Written presentation skills |
|
|
627 | (2) |
|
6C.2 Preparation of papers for publication |
|
|
629 | (2) |
|
6C.3 Presenting to different audiences |
|
|
631 | (8) |
|
|
|
639 | (2) |
| Appendix A: Revision Tips |
|
641 | (8) |
| Appendix B: Core Statistical Techniques |
|
649 | (6) |
| Appendix C: Answer Frameworks |
|
655 | (16) |
| Appendix D: Last-Minute Revision |
|
671 | (12) |
| Index |
|
683 | |
