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Mathematical Tools for Shape Analysis and Description [Minkštas viršelis]

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This book is a guide for researchers and practitioners to the new frontiers of 3D shape analysis and the complex mathematical tools most methods rely on. The target reader includes students, researchers and professionals with an undergraduate mathematics background, who wish to understand the mathematics behind shape analysis. The authors begin with a quick review of basic concepts in geometry, topology, differential geometry, and proceed to advanced notions of algebraic topology, always keeping an eye on the application of the theory, through examples of shape analysis methods such as 3D segmentation, correspondence, and retrieval. A number of research solutions in the field come from advances in pure and applied mathematics, as well as from the re-reading of classical theories and their adaptation to the discrete setting. In a world where disciplines (fortunately) have blurred boundaries, the authors believe that this guide will help to bridge the distance between theory and practice.Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Figure Credits / About this Book / 3D Shape Analysis in a Nutshell / Geometry, Topology, and Shape Representation / Differential Geometry and Shape Analysis / Spectral Methods for Shape Analysis / Maps and Distances between Spaces / Algebraic Topology and Topology Invariants / Differential Topology and Shape Analysis / Reeb Graphs / Morse and Morse-Smale Complexes / Topological Persistence / Beyond Geometry and Topology / Resources / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
Acknowledgments xi
Figure Credits
xiii
1 About this Book
1(6)
1.1 Shape and Shape Analysis
1(1)
1.2 Why Math for 3D Shape Analysis?
2(2)
1.3 What this Book is and What it is Not
4(1)
1.4 Expected Readers
5(1)
1.5 How this Book is Organized
6(1)
2 3D Shape Analysis in a Nutshell
7(6)
2.1 3D Shape Analysis: Problems and Solutions
7(3)
2.2 Applications
10(3)
3 Geometry, Topology, and Shape Representation
13(12)
3.1 Metric and Metric Spaces
13(1)
3.2 Geodesic Distance
14(3)
3.3 Topological Spaces
17(1)
3.4 Continuous and Smooth Functions Between Topological Spaces
18(1)
3.5 Manifolds
19(1)
3.6 Charts
20(1)
3.7 Smooth Manifold
21(1)
3.8 Orientability
21(1)
3.9 Tangent Space
22(1)
3.10 Riemannian Manifold
22(3)
4 Differential Geometry and Shape Analysis
25(10)
4.1 Geodesic Distances on Surfaces
26(3)
4.1.1 Computing Geodesies on Meshes
23(5)
4.1.2 Concepts in Action
28(1)
4.2 Curvature on Surfaces
29(6)
4.2.1 Computing Curvature on Meshes
31(1)
4.2.2 Concepts in Action
31(4)
5 Spectral Methods for Shape Analysis
35(8)
5.1 Laplace Operators
35(4)
5.1.1 Concepts in Action
37(2)
5.2 Heat Equation
39(4)
5.2.1 Concepts in Action
40(3)
6 Maps and Distances between Spaces
43(10)
6.1 Space Transformations
43(5)
6.1.1 Isometrics
43(1)
6.1.2 Affine Transformations
44(1)
6.1.3 Mobius Transformation
45(1)
6.1.4 Concepts in Action
46(2)
6.2 Distances between Spaces
48(5)
6.2.1 Hausdorff Metric
49(1)
6.2.2 Bottleneck Distance
49(1)
6.2.3 Gromov-Hausdorff Measure
49(1)
6.2.4 Natural Pseudo-Distance
50(3)
7 Algebraic Topology and Topology invariants
53(8)
7.1 Cell Decompositions
53(3)
7.1.1 Concepts in Action
55(1)
7.2 Homology
56(5)
7.2.1 Concepts in Action
58(3)
8 Differential Topology and Shape Analysis
61(8)
8.1 Critical Points and Morse Functions
61(3)
8.1.1 Integral Lines
62(1)
8.1.2 Concepts in Action
62(2)
8.2 Topological Analysis Through (Lower) Level Sets
64(1)
8.3 Homology of Manifolds
65(4)
9 Reeb Graphs
69(6)
9.1 Reeb Graph Definition
69(2)
9.2 Reeb Graphs on 2- and 3-Manifolds
71(1)
9.3 Concepts in Action
72(3)
10 Morse and Morse-Smale Complexes
75(6)
10.1 Basic Concepts
75(3)
10.2 Concepts in Action
78(3)
11 Topological Persistence
81(8)
11.1 Basic Concepts
81(2)
11.2 Persistence Diagrams
83(1)
11.3 Persistence Spaces
83(3)
11.4 Concepts in Action
86(3)
12 Beyond Geometry and Topology
89(8)
12.1 3D Textured Shape Retrieval
90(2)
12.2 Qualitative Organization of Collections of 3D Models
92(2)
12.3 Recognition of Functional Parts of Man-made Objects
94(3)
13 Resources
97(6)
13.1 Software
97(2)
13.2 3D Datasets and Benchmarks
99(4)
13.2.1 3D Datasets
99(1)
13.2.2 Benchmarks and Contests
100(3)
Bibliography 103(20)
Authors' Biographies 123