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xiii | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
Introduction |
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xxi | |
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1 A Brief History of Media and Media Manipulation |
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1 | (12) |
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The origins of human communication |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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Oral transmission of news |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (6) |
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2 The Psychology of Memory and Learning |
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13 | (12) |
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Storing and processing information |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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Making learning and memory work for us |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Cross-cultural difference |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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3 The Internet, Technology and the Media |
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25 | (16) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (9) |
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4 Selecting Sources of Information |
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41 | (22) |
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Opening up the world of information |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (14) |
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5 Expertise, Authority and Credibility |
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63 | (16) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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How can authority be evaluated? |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (7) |
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6 Language In Media Messages |
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79 | (20) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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Public trust in journalism |
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88 | (11) |
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7 Algorithms, Bots, Trolls, Cyborgs and Artificial Intelligence |
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99 | (18) |
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100 | (4) |
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Bots, trolls, cyborgs and other inauthentic activity |
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104 | (13) |
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8 Statistics and Data Visualization |
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117 | (12) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (10) |
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9 Images, Reverse Image Searching and Deepfakes |
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129 | (18) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (3) |
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Cheapfakes, shallowfakes and dumbfakes |
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138 | (9) |
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10 Media Manipulation and Fact Checking |
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147 | (18) |
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Evaluating information and the source of the information |
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147 | (1) |
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Fact checking - the background |
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148 | (2) |
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Why is there a need to fact check? |
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150 | (3) |
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Twitter checks and cautions |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (11) |
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11 The Ethics of Likes, Clicks, Shares and Data Harvesting |
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165 | (14) |
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166 | (1) |
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Ethics of data harvesting |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (8) |
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12 How We Can Help Ourselves |
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179 | (12) |
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Fighting mis- and disinformation with technology |
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179 | (1) |
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Fighting mis- and disinformation with corrections |
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180 | (1) |
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Fighting mis- and disinformation with legislation |
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181 | (1) |
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Fighting mis- and disinformation with psychology and education |
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182 | (1) |
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Fighting mis- and disinformation in the classroom using games |
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183 | (1) |
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Fighting mis- and disinformation with codes of ethics |
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184 | (1) |
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Fighting mis- and disinformation by fighting plagiarism |
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185 | (1) |
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Fighting mis- and disinformation with diversity |
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186 | (1) |
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How can we help ourselves? |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (2) |
Resources |
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191 | (4) |
Bibliography |
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195 | (16) |
Index |
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211 | |