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El. knyga: Methods of Demographic Analysis

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Oct-2013
  • Leidėjas: Springer
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789400767843
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Methods of Demographic AnalysisDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Oct-2013
  • Leidėjas: Springer
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789400767843
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This book provides an up-to-date overview of demographic analysis and methods, including recent developments in demography. Concepts and methods, from the nature of demographic information through data collection and the basics of statistical measures and on to demographic analysis itself are succinctly explained. Measures and analyses of fertility, mortality, life tables, migration and demographic events such as marriage, education and labour force are described while later chapters cover multiple decrement tables, population projections, the importance of testing and smoothing demographic data, the stable population model and demographic software.

An emphasis on practical aspects and the use of real-life examples based on data from around the globe make this book accessible, whilst comprehensive references and links to data and other resources on the internet help readers to explore further.

The text is concise and well written, making it ideally suited to a wider audience from students to academics and teachers. Students of demography, geography, sociology, economics, as well as professionals, academics and students of marketing, human resource management, and public health who have an interest in population issues will all find this book useful.



This book provides an up-to-date overview of demographic methods of analysis and covers recent developments in demographic methods. It shows how to make calculations using real-life examples based on contemporary real-world data from around the globe.

Recenzijos

More experienced practitioners, whether in the field of demography or in a field in which demographic analysis is used, will find the book to be a useful reference document. the overall organization of the book is logical. It follows a fairly standard approach to presenting demographic methods. The strengths of this book are its structure, organization, and the thorough treatment of demographic methods. (Gustave Goldmann, Canadian Studies in population, Vol. 42 (3-4), 2015)

1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Purpose
1(1)
1.2 What Is Demography?
1(1)
1.3 The Demographic Perspective: A Brief History
2(2)
1.4 Continuing Evolution of Demographic Analysis
4(3)
References
5(2)
2 Demographic Information
7(14)
2.1 Purpose
7(1)
2.2 Nature of Demographic Information
7(4)
2.2.1 Components of Population Change
7(1)
2.2.2 Concepts and Definitions
8(3)
2.2.3 Demographic Change and Implications
11(1)
2.3 Data Collection Methods
11(7)
2.3.1 Census
11(2)
2.3.2 Sample Surveys
13(2)
2.3.3 Registration of Births, Deaths, Marriages and Divorces
15(1)
2.3.4 Population Registers
16(1)
2.3.5 Administrative Records
17(1)
2.4 Availability of Demographic Data from International Agencies
18(3)
References
19(2)
3 Some Basic Statistical Measures
21(38)
3.1 Purpose
21(1)
3.2 Demographic Data and Analysis
21(3)
3.3 Counts and Frequencies
24(1)
3.4 Proportions and Percentages
24(2)
3.5 Ratios, Rates and Probabilities
26(3)
3.6 Measures of Central Tendency
29(7)
3.6.1 Arithmetic Mean
29(1)
3.6.2 Geometric and Harmonic Means
30(2)
3.6.3 Median
32(1)
3.6.4 Mode
33(1)
3.6.5 Normal and Skewed Distributions
34(2)
3.7 Measures of Dispersion
36(6)
3.7.1 Variance and Standard Deviation
36(2)
3.7.2 Quantiles
38(4)
3.8 Measures of Relative Concentration and Inequality
42(5)
3.8.1 Gini Coefficient
42(4)
3.8.2 Quantile Concentration
46(1)
3.8.3 Indexes of Dissimilarity and Relative Difference
46(1)
3.9 Correlation and Regression
47(12)
3.9.1 Association and Correlation
47(6)
3.9.2 Linear Regression and Multiple Regression Models
53(4)
References
57(2)
4 Elements of Demographic Analysis
59(38)
4.1 Purpose
59(1)
4.2 Balancing Equation
59(2)
4.3 Population Growth Rates
61(4)
4.3.1 Annual Growth Rate
61(1)
4.3.2 Exponential Population Growth Rate
62(1)
4.3.3 Interpolation and Extrapolation
63(1)
4.3.4 Population Doubling Time
64(1)
4.3.5 Growth and Fold rates
65(1)
4.4 Population Dynamics and Analytical Approaches
65(2)
4.4.1 Demographic Stocks and Flows
65(1)
4.4.2 Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Approaches in Demography
66(1)
4.4.3 Synthetic Measures
66(1)
4.5 Crude Rates
67(1)
4.6 Characteristic-Specific Rates and Ratios
68(5)
4.6.1 Characteristic-Specific Rates
68(1)
4.6.2 Sex Ratios
68(1)
4.6.3 Sex Ratio at Birth
69(1)
4.6.4 Child-Woman Ratio
70(1)
4.6.5 Dependency Ratio
71(1)
4.6.6 Child to Old Ratios
72(1)
4.7 Population Density and Distribution
73(2)
4.7.1 Population Density
73(1)
4.7.2 Index of Redistribution
74(1)
4.7.3 Index of Concentration
74(1)
4.8 Impact of Characteristics on Demographic Measures
75(2)
4.9 Standardization
77(4)
4.9.1 Direct Standardization
77(1)
4.9.2 Indirect Standardization
78(1)
4.9.3 Examples of Standardization
78(3)
4.10 Graphical Presentation of Demographic Data
81(16)
Appendix 4.1 Input Data for Standardization and Pyramids
85(2)
Appendix 4.2 Population Pyramids
87(7)
References
94(3)
5 Fertility
97(26)
5.1 Purpose
97(1)
5.2 Perspectives on Fertility
97(1)
5.3 Cross-Sectional Fertility Rates
98(2)
5.3.1 Crude Birth Rates
98(1)
5.3.2 Age-Specific and General Fertility Rates
98(2)
5.4 Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Fertility
100(3)
5.5 Synthetic Measures of Fertility
103(7)
5.5.1 Total Fertility Rate, Gross and Net Reproduction Rates
103(2)
5.5.2 Mean Length of Generation
105(2)
5.5.3 Synthetic Measures Using Grouped Data
107(2)
5.5.4 Other Formulae for Synthetic Measures
109(1)
5.6 Fertility Rates and Population Characteristics
110(3)
5.7 Parity and Parity Progression Ratios
113(2)
5.8 Standardized Fertility Ratios
115(2)
5.9 International Comparisons of Fertility
117(1)
5.10 Maximum Biological Fertility
118(5)
References
121(2)
6 Mortality
123(20)
6.1 Purpose
123(1)
6.2 Cross-Sectional Mortality Rates
123(3)
6.2.1 Crude Death Rates
123(1)
6.2.2 Age-Specific Mortality Rates
124(2)
6.3 Longitudinal Mortality Rates
126(2)
6.4 Causes of Death
128(2)
6.5 Maternal Mortality
130(2)
6.6 Foetal and Early Childhood Mortality
132(6)
6.6.1 Perinatal, Neonatal and Infant Mortality
132(3)
6.6.2 Abortion Rates and Ratios
135(3)
6.7 Characteristic Specific Mortality Rates
138(2)
6.7.1 Mortality and Place of Birth
138(1)
6.7.2 Mortality and Marital Status
138(2)
6.8 Potential Years of Life Lost
140(3)
References
141(2)
7 Life Tables
143(30)
7.1 Purpose
143(1)
7.2 Longevity and Life Tables
143(1)
7.3 Assumptions Made in Constructing a Life Table
144(1)
7.4 Data Requirements
145(1)
7.5 Constructing a Complete Life Table
145(10)
7.5.1 Age Specific Death Rates
146(1)
7.5.2 Probability of Dying
146(1)
7.5.3 Number of Deaths and Survivors
147(1)
7.5.4 Person-Years Lived and Life Expectancy
148(1)
7.5.5 Characteristics of Life Table Populations
149(1)
7.5.6 Graphs of qx, lx, dx and ex
150(3)
7.5.7 Smoothing of Data
153(1)
7.5.8 Example of a Complete Life Table
153(2)
7.6 Constructing an Abridged Life Table
155(3)
7.6.1 Graphs of the Abridged Life Table Columns
156(1)
7.6.2 Example of an Abridged Life Table
156(2)
7.7 Other Methods of Constructing Abridged Life Tables
158(1)
7.8 Uses of Life Tables
159(2)
7.8.1 Population Projections
159(1)
7.8.2 Other Types of Life Tables
159(1)
7.8.3 Insurance
160(1)
7.8.4 Epidemiological Research
160(1)
7.8.5 Other Industrial and Commercial Uses
160(1)
7.9 Availability of International Life Tables
161(1)
7.10 International Comparisons
161(12)
Appendix 7.1 Input Data for Life Tables
162(3)
Appendix 7.2 Complete Life Tables by Sex: Australia, 2005--2007
165(5)
Appendix 7.3 Abridged Life Tables by Sex: Australia, 2005--2007
170(1)
References
171(2)
8 Migration
173(20)
8.1 Purpose
173(1)
8.2 Basic Concepts
173(1)
8.3 Migration Rates and Ratios
174(3)
8.3.1 Crude Migration Rates
174(2)
8.3.2 Characteristic-Specific Migration Rates
176(1)
8.3.3 Migration Ratios
177(1)
8.4 Direct Methods of Estimation
177(4)
8.4.1 Place of Residence at Specific Times in the Past
178(3)
8.4.2 Place of Birth
181(1)
8.5 Indirect Methods of Estimation
181(5)
8.5.1 Life Table Method
181(4)
8.5.2 Census Survival Ratios
185(1)
8.5.3 Other Administrative Records
186(1)
8.6 Determinants of Migration
186(3)
8.6.1 Push and Pull Factors
186(1)
8.6.2 Gravity Model
186(3)
8.7 Centre of Gravity of Population
189(4)
References
190(3)
9 Some Demographic Events and Characteristics Analysis
193(22)
9.1 Purpose
193(1)
9.2 Marriages and Divorces
193(5)
9.2.1 Marriage Rates
194(2)
9.2.2 Divorce Rates
196(1)
9.2.3 Marital Status
197(1)
9.3 Families and Households
198(3)
9.3.1 Concepts and Definitions
198(1)
9.3.2 Household Size, Headship and Growth
198(3)
9.4 Education and Training
201(4)
9.4.1 Literacy
201(1)
9.4.2 Gross Enrolment Ratio
202(1)
9.4.3 Net Enrolment Rate
203(1)
9.4.4 Retention Rate
204(1)
9.4.5 Educational Attainment
204(1)
9.5 Labour Force
205(6)
9.5.1 Labour Force Participation Rate
205(3)
9.5.2 Employment and Unemployment Rates
208(1)
9.5.3 Job Creation Rate
209(1)
9.5.4 Labour Force Flows and Growth
210(1)
9.6 Occupation and Industry
211(4)
9.6.1 Occupation
211(1)
9.6.2 Industry
211(2)
References
213(2)
10 Multiple Decrement Life Tables
215(16)
10.1 Purpose
215(1)
10.2 The Multiple Decrement Perspective
215(2)
10.3 Multiple Decrement Life Tables
217(4)
10.3.1 Example Using Cause of Death Data for the United States
217(4)
10.4 Other Decrements
221(3)
10.4.1 Example of a Working Life Table for Japan
222(2)
10.5 Multistate Models
224(7)
10.5.1 Example of a Multistate Life Table for Japan
227(2)
References
229(2)
11 Population Projections
231(24)
11.1 Purpose
231(1)
11.2 Concepts: Estimates, Projections and Forecasts
231(1)
11.3 Projections of the Total Population
232(4)
11.3.1 Constant Growth Rate
232(1)
11.3.2 Mathematical Models
232(2)
11.3.3 Fitting the Gompertz and Logistic Models
234(1)
11.3.4 An Example of Fitting the Gompertz and Logistic Models
234(2)
11.4 Projections by Age: Cohort-Component Method
236(7)
11.4.1 Data Requirements and Steps
236(1)
11.4.2 Assumptions
237(1)
11.4.3 Illustrative Projections of the Population of Estonia
238(4)
11.4.4 Some General Considerations
242(1)
11.4.5 Availability of Population Projections
242(1)
11.5 Projections by Age: Cohort-Change Method
243(3)
11.5.1 Data Requirements and Methodology
243(2)
11.5.2 Illustrative Projections of the Population of Ryde Local Government Area
245(1)
11.5.3 Some General Considerations
246(1)
11.6 Socio-Economic Projections
246(4)
11.6.1 Concepts and Methods
246(1)
11.6.2 Example of Projections of the Employed Persons Using the Participation Rate Method
247(1)
11.6.3 Example of Projecting School Enrolments Using the Cohort-Progression Method
248(2)
11.6.4 Other Socio-Economic Projections
250(1)
11.7 Other Methods and Some Free United Nations Publications
250(5)
Appendix 11.1 Input Data for Population Projections of Estonia
251(2)
References
253(2)
12 Testing the Quality and Smoothing of Demographic Data
255(24)
12.1 Purpose
255(1)
12.2 Types of Error and Their Sources
255(1)
12.3 Some General Principles
256(1)
12.4 Quality of Age Data
257(6)
12.4.1 Digital Preference in Age Data
257(4)
12.4.2 Sex and Age Ratio Scores
261(2)
12.5 Comparison With Other Data Sources
263(2)
12.6 Smoothing of Demographic Data: Some General Considerations
265(12)
12.6.1 Using Various Measures of Central Tendency
266(1)
12.6.2 Moving Averages
266(1)
12.6.3 Aggregation of Data
267(1)
12.6.4 Smoothing Age Data
267(2)
12.6.5 Smoothing Using Interpolation Multipliers
269(8)
12.7 Other Methods
277(2)
References
277(2)
13 The Stable Population Model
279(24)
13.1 Purpose
279(1)
13.2 The Model
279(1)
13.3 Age Distribution of a Stable Population
280(2)
13.4 Estimation of (r) in a Stable Population
282(2)
13.5 Estimation of the Birth and Death Rates in a Stable Population
284(1)
13.6 Fitting the Stable Population Model to Australia and Indonesia
284(2)
13.7 Some Important Characteristics of the Stable Population Model
286(6)
13.7.1 Relative Impact of Fertility and Mortality in Determining the Shape of a Stable Age Distribution
286(1)
13.7.2 Age Distributions of Populations Subjected to Constant Fertility and Mortality Rates
286(6)
13.8 Stable Population Models for Males
292(1)
13.9 Model Life Tables and Stable Populations
293(6)
13.9.1 A Hypothetical Example of the Use of Model Life Tables and Stable Populations
297(2)
13.10 Some Further Comments on Model Life Tables and their Role in Indirect Methods of Estimation
299(4)
References
300(3)
14 Demographic Software
303(4)
14.1 Purpose
303(1)
14.2 Types of Software
303(3)
14.2.1 Spreadsheets
304(1)
14.2.2 Statistical Packages
304(1)
14.2.3 Specialized Demographic Software
305(1)
14.3 Conclusion
306(1)
Index 307
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