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xvii | |
| About the editors |
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xxiii | |
| Foreword |
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xxvii | |
| Preface |
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xxix | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxxiii | |
| About the book |
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xxxv | |
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1 Threats and consequences of untreated wastewater on freshwater environments |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Contaminant sources of emerging concerns |
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5 | (4) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5 Ecological risk and health assessment of emerging contaminant in untreated water |
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10 | (2) |
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1.6 Untreated wastewater as a cause of antibiotic resistance |
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12 | (1) |
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1.7 Impact of wastewater on cities |
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13 | (1) |
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1.8 Impact of wastewater on industry |
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14 | (1) |
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1.9 Impact of wastewater on agriculture |
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14 | (1) |
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1.10 Impact of wastewater on natural bodies of water |
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15 | (1) |
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1.11 Impact of untreated wastewater on microbial diversity |
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15 | (1) |
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1.12 Impact of wastewater in aquatic environments |
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16 | (1) |
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1.13 Biologic hazards in aquatic environments |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.15 Why should wastewater be treated? |
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18 | (1) |
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1.16 Challenges and opportunities |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (8) |
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19 | (8) |
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2 Unraveling a correlation between environmental contaminants and human health |
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27 | (14) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2 Environmental toxicology and related human health risks |
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28 | (5) |
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30 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Hazard effect on health |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Nonpoint source pollution |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Chemical pollution from the environment |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3 The environmental impact of chemical fertilizers and excessive fertilizers on water quality |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Weed growth and algae bloom |
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33 | (1) |
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2.4 Method to reveal the relationship between human body, environment, and emotion data |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (5) |
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37 | (4) |
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3 Effect of wastewater from industries on freshwater ecosystem: threats and remedies |
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41 | (18) |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2 Saline wastewater: its impact and treatment |
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42 | (1) |
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3.2.1 Effect of salinity on freshwater ecosystem |
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42 | (1) |
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3.3 Food-processing industry wastewater |
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43 | (1) |
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3.4 Leather industry wastewater |
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44 | (1) |
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3.5 Effluents from petroleum industry |
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45 | (1) |
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3.6 Plastic industries and micro- and nanoplastic in freshwater ecosystem |
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45 | (2) |
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3.6.1 Effect of microplastic on freshwater ecosystem |
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46 | (1) |
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3.7 Effect of different wastewater from industries on freshwater organisms |
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47 | (2) |
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3.8 Remedies to reduce industrial effluents |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (9) |
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51 | (8) |
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4 Credibility on biosensors for monitoring contamination in aquatic environs |
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59 | (22) |
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59 | (2) |
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4.2 Major sources of water pollution |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (10) |
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4.3.1 Biosensors for the detection of heavy metals |
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62 | (5) |
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4.3.2 Biosensors for the detection of microorganisms |
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67 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Biosensors for the detection of organic pollutants |
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69 | (2) |
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4.4 General limitations, challenges, and future prospects of biosensors in wastewater monitoring |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (8) |
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73 | (8) |
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5 Microbial systems, current trends, and future prospective: a systemic analysis |
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81 | (14) |
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81 | (2) |
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5.2 Microbiology for soil health, environmental protection, and sustainable agriculture |
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83 | (1) |
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5.3 Future prospects of environmental microorganisms |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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5.5 Microorganisms' impending visions |
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86 | (1) |
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5.6 Interconnections between plants and soil microorganisms |
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87 | (1) |
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5.7 Plant acquisition of nutrients: direct uptake from the soil |
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88 | (3) |
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5.7.1 Mycorrhizal interactions with plants |
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88 | (3) |
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5.8 Conclusion and remark |
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91 | (4) |
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91 | (4) |
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6 Microbial consortia for pollution remediation--Success stories |
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95 | (28) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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6.3 Microbial consortia--a multispecialized biological system for bioremediation |
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98 | (3) |
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6.4 Microbial consortia and degradation of pollutants |
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101 | (9) |
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6.4.1 Degradation of petroleum components |
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101 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Remediation of wastewater |
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104 | (3) |
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6.4.3 Degradation of industrial dyes |
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107 | (2) |
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6.4.4 Remediation of other organic pollutants |
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109 | (1) |
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6.5 Conclusion and future perspective |
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110 | (13) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (12) |
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7 Biological transformation as a technique in pollution decontamination |
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123 | (28) |
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123 | (1) |
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7.2 Biological transformation |
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124 | (3) |
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7.3 Biological transformation classes |
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127 | (9) |
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127 | (3) |
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7.3.2 Phytotransformation |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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7.3.4 Phycotransformation |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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7.4 Factors influencing biological transformation |
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136 | (1) |
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7.5 Functional genes implicated in biological transformation |
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137 | (1) |
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7.6 Enzymes involved in biological transformation |
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138 | (1) |
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7.7 Nanomaterial biological transformation |
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139 | (1) |
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7.8 Cometabolic biological transformation |
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140 | (2) |
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7.8.1 Cometabolic biotransformation |
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141 | (1) |
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7.8.2 Cometabolic phycotransformation |
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142 | (1) |
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7.9 Conclusions and future perspectives |
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142 | (9) |
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143 | (8) |
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8 Role of polyphosphate accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorous removal |
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151 | (30) |
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151 | (2) |
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8.2 Natural occurrence of polyphosphate accumulating organisms |
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153 | (2) |
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8.3 Microbiology of EBPR and polyphosphate accumulating organisms |
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155 | (1) |
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8.4 Biochemistry of EBPR and phosphate accumulating organism |
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156 | (2) |
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8.5 EBPR with acetate as a carbon source |
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158 | (1) |
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8.6 EBPR metabolism with substrates other than acetate |
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158 | (1) |
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8.7 Enzymes involved in poly P metabolism |
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159 | (2) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (5) |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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8.9 Parameters to consider in EBPR process |
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166 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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8.9.2 Carbon source and wastewater composition |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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8.9.5 Recycle of nitrates |
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168 | (1) |
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8.9.6 Sludge phosphorous content |
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168 | (1) |
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8.10 Criteria to monitor effective EBPR process |
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168 | (1) |
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8.11 Transfer of energy pathway genes in microbial enhanced biological phosphorous removal communities |
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169 | (1) |
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8.12 Novel and potential EBPR system |
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169 | (1) |
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8.13 Conclusion and future perspective |
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170 | (11) |
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171 | (10) |
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9 Genetically engineered bacteria: a novel technique for environmental decontamination |
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181 | (28) |
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181 | (1) |
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9.2 Environmental contaminants |
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182 | (5) |
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9.2.1 Heavy metal contamination |
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183 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Dye-based hazardous pollutants |
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184 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Radioactive compounds |
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184 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Agricultural chemicals: herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers |
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185 | (1) |
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9.2.5 Petroleum and polycydic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants |
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186 | (1) |
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9.2.6 Polychlorinated biphenyls |
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186 | (1) |
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9.3 Genetically engineered bacteria and their construction |
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187 | (1) |
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9.4 Genetically engineered bacteria for a sustainable environment |
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188 | (7) |
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9.4.1 Remediation of toxic heavy metals |
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188 | (2) |
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9.4.2 Bioremediation of dye by engineered bacteria |
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190 | (1) |
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9.4.3 Bioremediation of radionuclides |
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190 | (2) |
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9.4.4 Bioremediation of agricultural chemicals: herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers |
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192 | (1) |
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9.4.5 Petroleum and polycydic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminants |
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192 | (3) |
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9.4.6 Bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls |
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195 | (1) |
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9.5 Factors affecting bioremediation from genetically engineered bacteria |
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195 | (1) |
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9.6 Limitations and challenges of in-field release of genetically engineered bacteria |
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196 | (1) |
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9.7 Survivability and sustenance of genetically engineered bacteria |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (12) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (11) |
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10 An eco-friendly approach for the degradation of azo dyes and their effluents by Pleurotus florida |
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209 | (34) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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10.2.1 Oyster mushroom or Pleurotus florida |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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10.3.1 Description of dyes |
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215 | (1) |
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10.4 Scenario of textile dyes utilized in India |
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215 | (1) |
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10.5 Explication of dyeing process in textile industries |
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215 | (5) |
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10.6 Hallmarks of wastes effected by the textile industry |
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220 | (2) |
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10.7 Impact of textile dyes on environment |
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222 | (1) |
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10.8 Dye decolorization methods |
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223 | (5) |
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223 | (3) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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10.9 Oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes of Pleurotus florida used in decolorization of azo dyes |
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228 | (5) |
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10.9.1 Laccase (E.C. 1.10. 3.2) |
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229 | (1) |
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10.9.2 Manganese peroxidase (E.C. 1.11.1.13) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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10.10 Factors influencing the dye decolorization |
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233 | (2) |
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10.10.1 Influence of pH and temperature |
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233 | (1) |
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10.10.2 Impact of nitrogen source |
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233 | (1) |
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10.10.3 Influence of carbon source |
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234 | (1) |
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10.10.4 Concentration of dye |
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234 | (1) |
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10.10.5 Consequence of redox mediators |
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234 | (1) |
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10.10.6 Repercussion of azo dye structure |
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235 | (1) |
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10.11 Toxicity of decolorization products and evaluation methods |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (6) |
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237 | (6) |
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11 Endophytic Microbes: Bioremediation of soil contaminants |
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243 | (16) |
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Bashir Ahmad Sheer Gojree |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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11.3 Plant growth-promoting bacteria |
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245 | (1) |
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11.4 Mechanisms involving endophyte-mediated phytoremediation enhancement |
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246 | (5) |
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11.4.1 Direct ways of phytoremediation via endophytes |
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246 | (4) |
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11.4.2 Indirect ways to promote phytoremediation via endophytes |
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250 | (1) |
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11.5 Functions of endophytes in pollutant bioremediation |
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251 | (1) |
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11.6 Role of endophytes in plant growth promotion |
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252 | (3) |
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253 | (1) |
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11.6.2 Potential source of bioactive constituents |
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253 | (1) |
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11.6.3 Biocontrol activities |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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11.6.5 Biodegradation and bioremediation |
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255 | (1) |
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11.7 Conclusion and future perspective |
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255 | (4) |
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256 | (3) |
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12 Fungi, eukaryotic microorganisms involved in bioremediation of contaminated environments |
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259 | (40) |
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Luis Fernando Garda-Ortega |
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Claudia Geraldine Leon-Ramirez |
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Yesenia Ithai' Angeles-Lopez |
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Juan Antonio Cervantes-Montelongo |
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259 | (1) |
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12.2 Environmental contamination |
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260 | (1) |
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12.3 Types of environmental contamination |
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260 | (3) |
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261 | (1) |
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12.3.2 Water contamination |
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262 | (1) |
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12.3.3 Soil contamination |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (4) |
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12.4.1 In situ bioremediation |
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264 | (1) |
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12.4.2 Ex situ bioremediation |
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265 | (2) |
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12.5 Fungi and its significant role in bioremediation |
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267 | (4) |
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12.6 Types of fungi involved in bioremediation |
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271 | (5) |
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12.7 Fungal interactions with microorganisms or superior organisms for bioremediation |
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276 | (8) |
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12.8 Bioremediation mechanisms developed by fungi |
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284 | (3) |
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12.9 Fungal genes and enzymes involved in bioremediation |
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287 | (1) |
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12.10 Conclusion and perspectives |
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287 | (12) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (11) |
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13 Biosurfactants for the recovery and remediation of oil and petroleum waste |
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299 | (22) |
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299 | (6) |
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13.1.1 Classification of biosurfactants and their microbial origin |
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301 | (4) |
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13.1.2 Properties of biosurfactants to be used in pollutant remediation |
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305 | (1) |
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13.2 Biosurfactants in petroleum industries |
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305 | (7) |
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13.2.1 Characteristics of biosurfactants to be used in petroleum industry |
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307 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Oil waste treatment using biosurfactants |
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308 | (1) |
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13.2.3 Mechanism for recovery and removal of oil |
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309 | (1) |
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13.2.4 Extraction of crude oil by the use of biosurfactants |
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310 | (1) |
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13.2.5 Biosurfactants for the transportation of crude oil |
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311 | (1) |
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13.2.6 Cleaning of oil storage vessels for oil recovery |
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312 | (1) |
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13.3 Biosurfactants for oil waste treatment and bioremediation |
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312 | (1) |
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13.4 Biosurfactants as demulsifying agents |
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313 | (1) |
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13.5 Bioremediation of oil waste and spilling |
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314 | (1) |
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13.6 Biodegradation of diesel by biosurfactants |
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315 | (1) |
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13.7 Bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites by biosurfactants |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (5) |
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317 | (4) |
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14 Biofilm: a doable microbial continuum for the treatment of wastewater |
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321 | (26) |
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321 | (3) |
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14.2 Mechanism of biofilm formation |
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324 | (3) |
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14.2.1 Three major events of microbial extracellular biofilm formation |
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325 | (2) |
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14.3 Biofilm-producing microbes |
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327 | (1) |
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14.3.1 Why do microbial cells grow as biofilm? |
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327 | (1) |
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14.4 Types of biofilm system for wastewater treatment |
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328 | (3) |
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328 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Rotating biological contactor system |
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329 | (1) |
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14.4.3 Constructed wetland system |
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330 | (1) |
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14.4.4 Membrane bioreactors |
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330 | (1) |
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14.5 Factors affecting biofilm-based wastewater treatment |
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331 | (3) |
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14.5.1 Effects of nutrients, pH, and temperature |
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331 | (1) |
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14.5.2 Surface topography |
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332 | (1) |
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14.5.3 Velocity, turbulence, and hydrodynamics |
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332 | (1) |
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14.5.4 Gene regulation and quorum sensing |
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332 | (1) |
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14.5.5 Production of extracellular polymeric substances |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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14.6 Wastewater pollutants remediated by biofilms |
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334 | (1) |
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14.7 Research paradigm on biofilm |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (10) |
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338 | (9) |
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15 Biotechnology: the sustainable tool for effective treatment of wastewater |
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347 | (34) |
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347 | (1) |
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15.2 Classification of biodegradation processes |
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348 | (2) |
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15.2.1 Bacterial biodegradation |
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349 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Algal biodegradation |
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349 | (1) |
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15.2.3 Fungal biodegradation |
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349 | (1) |
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15.3 Factors affecting biodegradation process: an overview |
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350 | (4) |
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15.3.1 Effects of dye concentration |
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350 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Effects of molecular structure |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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15.3.4 Effects of temperature |
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351 | (1) |
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15.3.5 Effects of nitrogen content |
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352 | (1) |
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15.3.6 Effects of impurities |
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352 | (1) |
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15.3.7 Effects of agitation |
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352 | (1) |
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15.3.8 Effects of aerobatic conditions |
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353 | (1) |
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15.4 Bacterial biodegradation and biodecolorization |
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354 | (7) |
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15.4.1 Mechanism of bacterial dye degradation |
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354 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Mechanism that involves enzymatic tool |
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354 | (3) |
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15.4.3 Mechanism that involves redox mediator/electron shuttle |
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357 | (2) |
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15.4.4 Mechanism that involves biogenic reductants |
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359 | (1) |
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15.4.5 Factors affecting bacterial decolorization |
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359 | (2) |
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15.5 Fungal biodegradation and biodecolorization |
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361 | (4) |
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15.5.1 Mechanism of mycoremediation |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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15.5.5 Advantage of fungal biodegradation and biodecolorization |
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364 | (1) |
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15.6 Algal biodegradation and biodecolorization |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
15.6.1 Dye-ion accumulation and biocoagulation |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
15.6.4 Factors affecting algal biodegradation |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
15.7 Future prospectus: an importance |
|
|
366 | (5) |
|
15.7.1 Energy requirement |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
15.7.2 Coculture application |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
15.7.3 Bioreactor for effective decolorization of textile dyes |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
15.7.4 Techniques used for the characterization |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
15.7.5 Identification of intermediates |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
15.7.6 Identification of degradation products |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
15.7.7 Assessment of detoxification of dye degradation products |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
|
|
371 | (10) |
|
|
|
372 | (9) |
|
16 Microbial decontamination: economic and environmental benefits |
|
|
381 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
16.2 Textile industry wastewater |
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
16.3 Treatment of textile industrial effluent |
|
|
384 | (12) |
|
16.3.1 Bacterial biodegradation of textile effluents |
|
|
384 | (4) |
|
16.3.2 Phycoremediation: algal decomposition and decolorization of fabric dyes |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
16.3.3 Mycoremediation: fungi's role in decomposition and decolorization of synthetic dyes |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
16.3.4 Decontamination of textile effluent by yeast |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
16.3.5 Enzymatic degradation of textile effluents |
|
|
393 | (3) |
|
16.4 Decontamination of textile industry effluent via biosorption |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
16.4.1 Mechanisms of biosorption |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
16.5 Environmental perspectives |
|
|
398 | (3) |
|
16.5.1 Detrimental impacts to living bodies |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
16.5.2 Impacts on humans beings |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
16.5.3 Effects on water bodies |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (10) |
|
|
|
401 | (10) |
| Index |
|
411 | |
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