| Growth Conditions | |
| Influence of the Environment on the Properties of Vegetative Microorganisms: An Overview, M.R.W. Brown and P. Gilbert | |
| Introduction | |
| Phenotypic Flexibility | |
| Growth Rate and Nutrient Deprivation | |
| Growth as Adherent Biofilms | |
| Solid or Liquid Culture for Conventional Susceptibility Testing | |
| Conclusions | |
| References | |
| Definition of Phenotype in Batch Culture, M.R.W. Brown, P.J. Collier, R. Courcol, and P. Gilbert | |
| Introduction | |
| Specific Nutrient Depletion in Batch Culture | |
| Defined Nutrient-Depleted Media | |
| References | |
| Changes in Bacterial Cell Properties in Going from Exponential Growth to Stationary Phase, M.M. Zambrano and R. Kolter | |
| Introduction | |
| Changes to Result from Starvation | |
| Regulation of Gene Expression in Stationary Phase | |
| Population Changes during Starvation | |
| Acknowledgments | |
| References | |
| Continuous Culture of Microorganisms in Liquid Media: Effects of Growth Rate and Nutrient Limitation, P. Gilbert and M.R.W. Brown | |
| Introduction | |
| Continuous Culture: Theoretical Considerations | |
| Continuous Culture: Practical Considerations | |
| Modulation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Continuous Culture | |
| References | |
| The Influence of Nutrient Environment during Vegetative Growth on the Properties of Bacterial Endospores, P. Gilbert, M.R.W. Brown, I.S.I. Al-Adham, and N. Hodges | |
| Introduction | |
| Sporulation Medium and Definition of Spore Phenotype | |
| Sporulation Temperature | |
| Growth and Sporulation at Various pH | |
| Culture Age Prior to Harvesting | |
| References | |
| Influence of the Environment on the Properties of Microorganisms Grown in Association with Surfaces, P. Gilbert, A.E. Hodgson, and M.R.W. Brown | |
| Introduction | |
| Surface Colonization and Growth | |
| Resistance Properties of Bacterial Biofilms | |
| Influence of Surface Attachment and Growth upon Microbial Activity | |
| In Vitro Models of Biofilms | |
| Conclusions | |
| References | |
| Sources of Biological Variation and Lack of Inoculum Reproducibility: A Summary, M.R.W. Brown, S.F. Bloomfield, and P. Gilbert | |
| Culture Origins | |
| Growth Conditions of the Inoculum | |
| Dormancy | |
| Post-Growth Handling Procedures | |
| Procedure/Test Conditions | |
| Post-Growth Conditions | |
| The Preservation of Inocula, G. Adams | |
| Introduction | |
| Preservation by Cooling | |
| Factors Affecting Survival | |
| Freeze-Preservation in Practice | |
| Freeze-Drying | |
| Factors Affecting the Survival of Freeze-Dried Microorganisms | |
| Lyophilization Damage and Storage Conditions | |
| Changes in the Characteristics of Freeze-Dried Inocula | |
| Alternatives to Vacuum Freeze-Drying | |
| Culture Collection Practice | |
| References | |
| Influence of Post-Growth Procedures on the Properties of Microorganisms, P. Gilbert, P.J. Collier, J. Andrews, M.R.W. Brown | |
| Introduction | |
| Pretreatment Objectives | |
| Methods of Harvesting Cultured Bacteria | |
| Washing and Resuspension of Harvested Cells | |
| References | |
| Applications | |
| Factors Affecting the Reproducibility and Predictivity of Performance Tests, P. Gilbert and M.R.W. Brown | |
| Introduction | |
| Reproducibility and Predictivity of Inocula Grown in Batch Culture | |
| Reproducibility and Predictivity of Inocula Grown in Continuous Culture | |
| Solid versus Liquid Culture | |
| Biofilms or Planktonic Inocula | |
| References | |
| Preservative Efficacy Testing in the Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Industries, R. Baird | |
| Development of Testing Methods | |
| Test Method Limitations | |
| Test Method Modifications | |
| Factors Causing Test Variability | |
| Overview | |
| References | |
| Preservative Efficacy Testing in the Cosmetics and Toiletries Industries, B. Perry | |
| Introduction | |
| European Community Cosmetics Directive | |
| Preservation | |
| Preparation of Inocula | |
| Special Considerations | |
| Concluding Remarks | |
| Acknowledgments | |
| References | |
| Reproducibility and Predictivity of Disinfection and Biocide Tests, S.F. Bloomfield | |
| Introduction | |
| Repeatability and Reproducibility of Disinfectant Testing | |
| Capacity Tests | |
| Relevance to Practice | |
| Application of Laboratory Tests for Approval of Disinfectants | |
| Appendix | |
| References | |
| Reproducibility and Performance of Endospores as Biological Indicators, N. Hodges | |
| Development and Current Status of Sterilization Indicators | |
| Selection of Organisms for Use as Sterilization Indicators | |
| Factors Affecting Biological Indicator Performance | |
| Spore Resistance Resulting from Environmental Influences during Sporulation and Harvesting | |
| Quick-Response Biological Indicators | |
| References | |
| Development and Production of Vaccines, A. Robinson, H.S. Tranter, C.N. Wiblin, and P. Hambleton | |
| Introduction | |
| Variation of Bacterial Composition | |
| Control of Vaccine Seed Stocks | |
| References | |
| Screening for Novel Antimicrobial Activity/Compounds in the Pharmaceutical Industry, P. Gilbert and M.R.W. Brown | |
| Introduction | |
| Screening Strategies | |
| Primary Screens | |
| In Vitro Models for Secondary Screening of Antibiotics | |
| References | |
| Screening for Novel Antimicrobial Compounds/Activity in the Environmental Protection Industries, H. Lappin-Scott, J. Jass, and W.J. Costerton | |
| Introduction | |
| The Industrial Processes | |
| Screening of Antimicrobials for Industry | |
| Test Methods | |
| Concluding Remarks | |
| References | |
| Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing within the Clinic, K. Thomson, J.S. Bakken, and C. Sanders | |
| Introduction | |
| The Inoculum | |
| Disc Diffusion Tests | |
| Dilution Tests | |
| Antibiotic Selection and Reporting of Results | |
| Summary | |
| References |
