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El. knyga: MicroComputed Tomography: Methodology and Applications, Second Edition 2nd edition [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA)
  • Formatas: 392 pages, 26 Illustrations, color; 88 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Jun-2022
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429186745
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Taylor & Francis e-book
  • Kaina: 193,88 €*
  • * this price gives unlimited concurrent access for unlimited time
  • Standartinė kaina: 276,97 €
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MicroComputed Tomography: Methodology and Applications, Second Edition 2nd editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 392 pages, 26 Illustrations, color; 88 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Jun-2022
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429186745
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Taylor & Francis e-booksMore info about Taylor & Francis e-books
Partnerių interneto svetainė: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429186745

MicroComputed Tomography has become the gold standard for studying 3D microscopic structures nondestructively, and this book provides up-to-date coverage of the modality. The first part of the book focuses on methodology, covering experimental methods, data analysis, and visualization approaches. Emphasis is on fundamentals so that those new to the field can design their own effective microCT studies. The second part addresses various microCT applications, organized by type of microstructure so that the reader can appreciate approaches from other disciplines. The applications include porous solids, microstructural evolution, soft tissue studies, applications using x-ray phase contrast or x-ray scattering contrast, and multimode studies.



MicroComputed Tomography has become a gold standard for studying 3D microscopic structures nondestructively, and the author presents a sufficient amount of fundamental material so that those new to the field can develop a relative understanding of how to design their own microCT studies.

List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Author xxiii
List of Abbreviations
xxv
1 Introduction
1(12)
References
9(4)
2 Fundamentals
13(12)
2.1 X-radiation
13(5)
2.1.1 Generation
13(3)
2.1.2 Interaction with Matter
16(2)
2.2 Imaging
18(2)
2.3 X-ray Contrast and Imaging
20(5)
References
22(3)
3 Reconstruction from Projections
25(20)
3.1 Basic Concepts
25(2)
3.2 Iterative Reconstruction Illustrated by the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART)
27(2)
3.3 Analytic Reconstruction -- Back Projection
29(4)
3.4 Analytic Reconstruction -- Fourier-Based Reconstruction
33(2)
3.5 Reconstruction Employing Machine Learning and Deep Learning
35(1)
3.6 Performance
36(1)
3.7 Sinograms
37(1)
3.8 Related Methods
37(8)
References
41(4)
4 MicroCT Systems and Their Components
45(48)
4.1 Absorption MicroCT Methods
45(4)
4.2 X-ray Sources
49(2)
4.3 Detectors
51(5)
4.4 Positioning Components
56(1)
4.5 Tube-Based Systems prior to 2008
57(4)
4.6 Tube-Based Systems since 2008
61(1)
4.7 Synchrotron Radiation Systems before 2008
62(4)
4.8 Synchrotron Radiation Systems since 2008
66(2)
4.9 NanoCT (Full-Field, Microscopy-Based)
68(2)
4.10 MicroCT with Phase Contrast
70(5)
4.11 MicroCT with X-ray Fluorescence
75(1)
4.12 MicroCT with Scattered X-rays
75(2)
4.13 System Specification
77(16)
References
80(13)
5 MicroCT in Practice
93(32)
5.1 Reconstruction Artifacts
93(11)
5.1.1 Motion Artifacts
93(1)
5.1.2 Ring Artifacts
94(1)
5.1.3 Reconstruction Center Errors
95(2)
5.1.4 Imperfections in the Optical System and X-ray Source
97(2)
5.1.5 Mechanical Imperfections Including Rotation Stage Wobble
99(1)
5.1.6 Undersampling
99(1)
5.1.7 Beam Hardening
100(1)
5.1.8 Artifacts from High Absorption Features within a Specimen
100(2)
5.1.9 Artifacts in Truncated Data Sets
102(1)
5.1.10 Phase Contrast Artifacts
103(1)
5.2 Performance: Precision and Accuracy
104(8)
5.2.1 Correction for Nonidealities
104(1)
5.2.2 Partial Volume Effects
104(1)
5.2.3 Detection Limits for High Contrast Features
105(1)
5.2.4 Geometry
106(3)
5.2.5 Linear Attenuation Coefficients
109(3)
5.3 Contrast Enhancement
112(2)
5.4 Data Acquisition Challenges
114(1)
5.5 Specimen Damage
115(1)
5.6 Speculations
116(9)
References
117(8)
6 Experimental Design, Data Analysis, Visualization
125(30)
6.1 Experiment Design
125(2)
6.2 Data Analysis
127(12)
6.2.1 Segmentation by Voxel Value
129(3)
6.2.2 Segmentation by Voxel Value and Voxel Gradient
132(1)
6.2.3 Quantification by the Distance Transform Method
132(1)
6.2.4 Quantification by Watershed Segmentation
133(1)
6.2.5 Quantification by Other Methods
134(2)
6.2.6 Image Texture
136(1)
6.2.7 Segmentation by Machine Learning/Deep Learning
137(1)
6.2.8 Interpretation of Voxel Values
137(1)
6.2.9 Tracking Evolving Structures
138(1)
6.3 Data Representation
139(16)
References
148(7)
7 "Simple" Metrology and Microstructure Quantification
155(30)
7.1 Distribution of Phases
155(8)
7.1.1 Pharmaceuticals and Food
156(1)
7.1.2 Geological and Planetary Materials
156(2)
7.1.3 Two or More Phase Metals, Ceramics, and Polymers
158(1)
7.1.4 Manufactured Composites
158(2)
7.1.5 Biological Tissues as Phases (Anatomy)
160(2)
7.1.6 Cultural Heritage, Archeology, and Forensics
162(1)
7.2 Metrology and Phylogeny
163(22)
7.2.1 Industrial Metrology
163(1)
7.2.2 Additive Manufacturing
164(1)
7.2.3 Paleontology
164(2)
7.2.4 Cells
166(1)
7.2.5 Flora
166(2)
7.2.6 Insecta, Mollusca, and Echinodermata
168(2)
7.2.7 Vertebrates
170(3)
References
173(12)
8 Cellular or Trabecular Solids
185(38)
8.1 Cellular Solids
185(1)
8.2 Static Cellular Structures
186(3)
8.3 Temporally Evolving, Nonmineralized Tissue Cellular Structures
189(4)
8.4 Mineralized Tissue
193(11)
8.4.1 Echinoderm Stereom
194(1)
8.4.2 Cancellous Bone -- Motivations for Study and the Older Literature
194(2)
8.4.3 Cancellous Bone -- Growth and Aging
196(5)
8.4.4 Cancellous Bone -- Deformation, Damage, and Modeling
201(3)
8.4.5 Mineralized Cartilage
204(1)
8.5 Implants and Tissue Scaffolds
204(19)
8.5.1 Implants
204(1)
8.5.2 Scaffold Structures and Processing
205(2)
8.5.3 Bone Growth into Scaffolds
207(1)
References
208(15)
9 Networks
223(24)
9.1 Engineered Network Solids
223(2)
9.2 Networks of Pores
225(5)
9.3 Circulatory System
230(3)
9.4 Respiratory System
233(2)
9.5 Networks of Nerves
235(12)
References
236(11)
10 Evolution of Structures
247(40)
10.1 Food and Pharmaceuticals
247(1)
10.2 Materials Processing
248(9)
10.2.1 Solidification
248(2)
10.2.2 Vapor Phase Processing
250(4)
10.2.3 Plastic Forming
254(2)
10.2.4 Particle Packing and Sintering
256(1)
10.3 Environmental Interactions
257(9)
10.3.1 Geological Applications
257(2)
10.3.2 Construction Materials
259(1)
10.3.3 Degradation of Biological Structures
260(4)
10.3.4 Corrosion of Metals
264(2)
10.4 Bone and Soft Tissue Adaptation
266(21)
10.4.1 Mineralized Tissue: Implants, Healing, Mineral Levels, and Remodeling
266(5)
10.4.2 Soft Tissue and Soft Tissue Interfaces
271(2)
References
273(14)
11 Mechanically Induced Damage, Deformation, and Cracking
287(24)
11.1 Deformation Studies
287(2)
11.2 Cracks and Failure -- Monolithic Materials
289(5)
11.3 Cracks and Failure -- Composites
294(17)
11.3.1 Particle-Reinforced Composites
294(4)
11.3.2 Fiber-Reinforced Composites
298(4)
References
302(9)
12 Multimode Studies and Nonabsorption Modalities
311(20)
12.1 Multimode Studies
311(8)
12.1.1 Sea Urchin Teeth
311(1)
12.1.2 Sulfate Ion Attack of Portland Cement
312(1)
12.1.3 Fatigue Crack Path and Mesotexture
312(1)
12.1.4 Creep and Corrosion Damage
313(1)
12.1.5 Load Redistribution in Damaged Monofilament Composites
314(1)
12.1.6 Bone and Other Mineralized Tissues in Mammals
315(3)
12.1.7 Networks and Porosity
318(1)
12.2 Reconstruction Other than with Absorption or Phase Contrast
319(12)
12.2.1 X-Ray Scattering Tomography
319(3)
12.2.2 Diffraction Tomography of Large-Grained Specimens
322(1)
12.2.3 Coherent Diffraction Imaging and Ptychography
322(1)
12.2.4 Fluorescence Tomography
322(1)
References
323(8)
Name Index 331(16)
Subject Index 347
Dr. Stuart R. Stock is a Research Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago. Dr. Stock has used x-ray diffraction for materials characterization for over forty years and he currently collects data at the Advanced Photon Source.
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