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El. knyga: Microplasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings

, (CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India)
  • Formatas: 272 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Mar-2015
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351231183
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Microplasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite CoatingsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 272 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Mar-2015
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351231183
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There has been enormous growth in the use of medical implants. However, in the case of hip replacement, loosening of metallic prosthesis fixed with polymethylmethylacrylate bone cement has resulted in painstaking revision surgery, which is a major problem for the patient, surgeon, and biomedical technology itself. In fact, global recognition of this problem led to the development of cementless fixation through the novel introduction of a bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on biomedical-grade metallic implants. Since then, a wide variety of coating methods have evolved to make the HAp coatings on metallic implants more reliable.

Microplasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings discusses plasma spraying and other related HAp coating techniques, focusing on the pros and cons of macroplasma sprayed (MAPS)- and microplasma sprayed (MIPS)-HAp coatings. The book begins by explaining what a biomaterial really is, what the frequently used term biocompatibility stands for, and why it is so important for biomaterials to be biocompatible. It then:





Examines the structural, chemical, macromechanical, micro/nanomechanical, and tribological properties and residual stress of HAp coatings Evaluates the efficacies under simulated body fluid immersion for MAPS- and MIPS-HAp coatings developed on biomedical implant-grade SS316L substrates Offers a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art in vivo studies of MIPS-HAp coatings, presenting the results of pioneering research related to bone defect fixation

Shedding light on the future scope and possibilities of MIPS-HAp coatings, Microplasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings provides a valuable reference for students, researchers, and practitioners of biomedical engineering and materials science.

Recenzijos

"This unique book on development of microplasma sprayed HAp coating has been organized in a very compact yet comprehensive manner. This book also highlights the horizons of future research that invites the attention of global community, particularly those in bio-medical materials and bio-medical engineering field. This book will surely act as a very useful reference material for both graduate/post-graduate students and researchers in the field of biomedical, orthopedic and manufacturing engineering and research. I truly believ that this is the first ever effort which covers almost all the broad subject area of "HAp coatings developed by microplasma spraying including those of the more commercially accepted plasma spraying method" for developing HAp coated implants and prosthesis." Bikramjit Basu, Professor, Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Associate Faculty, Interdisciplinary Bio-Engineering Program, IISc, Bangalore, Adjunct Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India

"The organization of topics is done very methodically covering all the related and even peripheral issues. The subject is covered well with thorough details and critical views. The book would be a good reference point for researchers working on HA based coatings for orthopedic application." Debrupa Lahiri, IIT Roorkee, India

"The lucid presentation style makes it easy for the new entrant to be gradually initiated into the field without any shock or jerk. What is most striking and appealing about the book is that even after starting from basic simple premises it has very capably provided vast and in-depth discussion to an extent that would be very lucrative for advanced researchers from both Govt. and private research organizations in the emerging field of biomedical applications of ceramic coatings." Dr. Satyam Priyadarshy, Founder, Reignite strategy

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Authors xxv
Common Abbreviations xxix
1 Introduction 1(14)
1.1 Introduction of Biomaterials
1(1)
1.1.1 What Is a Biomaterial?
1(1)
1.1.2 What Is Biocompatibility?
1(1)
1.2 Types of Biomaterials
2(1)
1.2.1 Incompatible and Biocompatible Materials
2(1)
1.2.2 Nearly Bioinert Materials
3(1)
1.2.3 Bioactive Materials
3(1)
1.3 Categories of Bioceramics
3(1)
1.4 What Is Hydroxyapatite?
4(1)
1.5 What Is Hydroxyapatite Coating?
5(2)
1.6 Introduction of Bone: A Natural Biomaterial
7(2)
1.7 Introduction of Teeth: A Natural Biomaterial
9(1)
1.8 Surface Engineering of Bioinert Materials
10(2)
1.9 Challenges to Develop Surface-Engineered Implants
12(1)
1.10 Summary
13(1)
References
13(2)
2 Plasma Spraying and Other Related Coating Techniques 15(28)
2.1 Plasma Spray Process
15(2)
2.2 How Will Coating Form?
17(1)
2.3 Plasma Sprayed HAp Coatings
17(1)
2.4 Microplasma Spraying
17(2)
2.5 Microplasma Spraying and Its Application
19(3)
2.6 Microplasma Spraying: A Unique Manufacturing Technique
22(2)
2.7 Other Coating Processes
24(11)
2.7.1 High Velocity Oxy Fuel
28(1)
2.7.2 Pulsed Laser Deposition
28(1)
2.7.3 Cold Spraying
29(1)
2.7.4 Liquid Precursor Plasma Spraying
30(1)
2.7.5 Electrophoretic Deposition
30(1)
2.7.6 Electrohydrodynamic Atomization
31(1)
2.7.7 Sputtering
31(2)
2.7.8 Sol-Gel and Dip Coating
33(2)
2.7.9 Biomimetic Coating Process
35(1)
2.8 Microplasma vs. Macroplasma Spraying
35(1)
2.9 Summary
36(1)
References
37(6)
3 Hydroxyapatite Coating and Its Application 43(16)
3.1 Background of the Problem and Basic Issues
43(1)
3.2 Applications of HAp Coating
44(1)
3.3 HAp Coating Developed by Different Methods
44(2)
3.3.1 Issues Related to High Temperature Processes
44(1)
3.3.2 Issues Related to Low-Temperature Processes
45(1)
3.3.3 Issues Related to MIPS Processes
46(1)
3.4 Microplasma and Macroplasma Sprayed HAp Coatings: Pros and Cons
46(1)
3.5 Influence of Plasma Spraying Parameters on HAp Coating
47(2)
3.5.1 Role of Plasma Spraying Atmosphere, Spraying Current, and Stand-Off Distance
47(1)
3.5.2 Role of Gun Traverse Speed
48(1)
3.5.3 Role of Specimen Holder Arrangements
48(1)
3.5.4 Macroplasma Spraying vs. Microplasma Spraying
49(1)
3.6 Nanostructured HAp Coating
49(1)
3.7 HAp Composite Coating
49(1)
3.8 Plasma-Sprayed HAp Coating: Current Research Scenario
50(2)
3.8.1 Robot-Assisted Plasma Spraying
50(1)
3.8.2 Vacuum Plasma Spraying
50(1)
3.8.3 Liquid Precursor Plasma Spraying
51(1)
3.8.4 Cold Spraying
51(1)
3.8.5 Microplasma Spraying
51(1)
3.9 Summary
52(1)
References
53(6)
4 Structural and Chemical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coating 59(32)
4.1 Introduction
59(4)
4.1.1 Thickness of HAp Coatings
59(2)
4.1.2 Porosity of HAp Coatings
61(1)
4.1.3 Crystallinity of HAp Coatings
62(1)
4.2 Stoichiometry of HAp
63(1)
4.3 Phase Analysis of MIPS-HAp Coatings
64(1)
4.4 Spectroscopic Investigation of MIPS-HAp Coatings
65(1)
4.5 Microstructure of MIPS-HAp Coating
66(10)
4.5.1 As-Sprayed Condition
66(3)
4.5.2 Microstructure of MIPS-HAp Coatings in the Polished Condition
69(1)
4.5.3 Splat Geometry and Dimension
69(2)
4.5.4 Analysis of Splat Formation
71(2)
4.5.5 Why Are Micropores Formed?
73(1)
4.5.6 How Are Macropores Formed?
74(1)
4.5.7 Coating Cross Section
74(2)
4.6 Porosity Dependencies of Young's Modulus and Hardness
76(2)
4.7 Qualitative Model for Explanation of Anisotropy
78(2)
4.8 Origin of Modeling on Pore Shape
80(4)
4.8.1 Modeling of Elastic Constants
80(1)
4.8.2 Physical Background of Modeling
81(2)
4.8.3 Experimental Validation of the Void Models: Superimposition of Spherical and Elliptical Voids
83(1)
4.9 Summary
84(1)
References
85(6)
5 In Vitro Studies of Hydroxyapatite Coatings 91(18)
5.1 Introduction
91(1)
5.2 Literature Status
92(1)
5.3 Synthesis of SBF in the Laboratory
93(1)
5.4 SBF Immersion of MAPS-HAp Coatings on SS316L
94(1)
5.5 SBF Immersion of MIPS-HAp Coatings on SS316L
95(11)
5.6 Summary
106(1)
References
106(3)
6 Macromechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coating 109(24)
6.1 Introduction
109(1)
6.2 What Governs HAp Coating's Performance?
110(1)
6.3 Interface Issues
111(1)
6.4 Bonding Strength and Methods of Measurements
111(1)
6.5 What Are General Guidelines to Improve Bonding Strength?
112(1)
6.6 Other Important Parameters
112(1)
6.7 Influence of Adhesive
113(1)
6.8 Influence of Microstructure
113(1)
6.9 Influence of Vacuum Heat Treatment
114(1)
6.10 Role of Interfacial Stress
114(1)
6.11 Role of Substrate Holding Arrangements
115(1)
6.12 Failure Mode and Related Issues
115(1)
6.13 Influence of Humidity
116(1)
6.14 Influence of the Dissolution Behavior
117(1)
6.15 Bonding Strength Measurements by Techniques Other than ASTM C-633
117(2)
6.16 HAp Coatings Developed by Other Coating Processes
119(1)
6.17 Bonding Strength of MIPS-HAp Coatings
119(2)
6.18 MAPS-HAp vs. MIPS-HAp Coatings
121(1)
6.19 Effect of Residual Stress
122(1)
6.20 Shear Strength and Pushout Strength
123(1)
6.21 Three-Point Bending Test
124(3)
6.22 Fatigue Behavior
127(2)
6.23 Summary
129(1)
References
129(4)
7 Micro/Nanomechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coating 133(28)
7.1 Introduction
133(1)
7.2 Basic Theory of Nanoindentation
134(1)
7.3 Hardness
135(4)
7.3.1 What Does the Literature Say about Hardness?
136(2)
7.3.2 Nanohardness of MIPS-HAp Coatings
138(1)
7.4 Young's Modulus
139(5)
7.4.1 What Does the Literature Say about Young's Modulus?
139(5)
7.4.2 Young's Modulus of MIPS-HAp Coatings
144(1)
7.5 Effect of SBF Immersion
144(1)
7.5.1 Effect of SBF Immersion for MIPS-HAp Coatings
145(1)
7.6 Reliability Issues in Nanoindentation Data
145(7)
7.6.1 Weibull Distribution Function
146(1)
7.6.2 Weibull Modulus of Nanohardness and Young's Modulus of MIPS-HAp Coating
147(2)
7.6.3 ISE in MIPS-HAp Coating
149(1)
7.6.4 Anisotropy in MIPS-HAp Coating
150(2)
7.7 Fracture Toughness of MIPS-HAp Coatings
152(5)
7.7.1 Why Is Fracture Toughness Important and How Is It Measured?
152(1)
7.7.2 Site-Specific Nanoindentation
153(1)
7.7.3 What Does the Literature Say?
154(1)
7.7.4 Why Do MIPS-HAp Coatings Show High Toughness?
155(2)
7.8 Summary
157(1)
References
158(3)
8 Tribological Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coatings 161(20)
8.1 Introduction
161(1)
8.2 What Does the Literature Say?
161(4)
8.3 Nanoscratch Testing of MIPS-HAp Coatings at Lower Load
165(2)
8.4 Nanoscratch Testing of MIPS-HAp Coating at Higher Load
167(1)
8.5 Microscratch Testing of MIPS-HAp Coatings
167(7)
8.5.1 As-Sprayed MIPS-HAp Coating
169(3)
8.5.2 Polished MIPS-HAp Coating
172(2)
8.6 Microscratch Testing of MIPS-HAp Coatings before and after the SBF Immersion
174(2)
8.7 Summary
176(1)
References
177(4)
9 Residual Stress of Hydroxyapatite Coating 181(22)
9.1 Introduction
181(1)
9.2 Origin of Residual Stress
182(1)
9.3 Identification of Residual Stress and Importance
183(1)
9.4 Factors Affecting Residual Stress
184(1)
9.5 Common Methodologies to Evaluate Residual Stress
184(1)
9.6 Relative Advantages and Disadvantages
184(8)
9.6.1 XRD Technique
186(3)
9.6.2 Hole Drilling Method
189(1)
9.6.3 Raman Piezospectroscopy-Based Method
190(1)
9.6.4 Curvature Method
190(1)
9.6.5 Nanoindentation
190(2)
9.6.6 Analytical Models
192(1)
9.7 Role of Higher Plasmatron Power and Secondary Gas
192(1)
9.8 Role of the Substrate Temperature
192(1)
9.9 Nature of the Residual Stress State
193(1)
9.10 Role of Other Basic Process Parameters
193(1)
9.11 Residual Stress of Thermally-Sprayed and Sol-Gel-Derived HAp Coatings
194(2)
9.12 Residual Stress of MIPS-HAp Coatings
196(2)
9.13 Summary
198(1)
References
199(4)
10 In Vivo Studies of Microplasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating 203(16)
10.1 Introduction
203(1)
10.2 Rabbit Model
203(9)
10.2.1 Intramedullary Pinning
203(3)
10.2.2 Visual Observation
206(1)
10.2.3 Studies of Serum Calcium, Inorganic Phosphorus, and Alkaline Phosphatase
207(2)
10.2.3.1 Serum Calcium
207(1)
10.2.3.2 Inorganic Phosphorus
207(1)
10.2.3.3 Alkaline Phosphatase
208(1)
10.2.4 Radiographic Evaluation
209(1)
10.2.5 Histological Observations
210(1)
10.2.6 Fluorochrome Labeling Study
210(2)
10.3 Goat Model
212(1)
10.3.1 Visual Observation
212(1)
10.3.2 Mechanical Behavior
213(1)
10.4 Dog Model
213(2)
10.5 Summary
215(1)
Acknowledgments
215(1)
References
215(4)
11 Future Scope and Possibilities 219(10)
11.1 MIPS-HAp Coating on Complex and Contoured Implants
219(2)
11.2 MIPS Coating of Other Calcium Phosphates (TCP, BCP, etc.)
221(1)
11.3 MIPS-HAp Coatings on C/C Composites
222(1)
11.4 Second Phase Incorporation in HAp Coatings
223(1)
11.5 Nanostructured Plasma Sprayed HAp Coating
224(2)
References
226(3)
12 Conclusions 229(6)
Index 235
Arjun Dey is a scientist in the Thermal Systems Group at the Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre, Bangalore. Dr. Dey was previously at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India. He holds a bachelor's degree from Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Orissa, India, and master's and doctoral degrees from the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah (formerly Bengal Engineering and Science University). Highly decorated and widely published, Dr. Dey serves as a reviewer for many national and international journals. He recently coauthored the CRC Press book Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids with Dr. Mukhopadhyay.

Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay is a chief scientist and head of the Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata, India. Prior to joining CSIR-CGCRI, Dr. Mukhopadhyay initiated in India the research work on the evaluation, analysis, and microstructure mechanical properties correlation of non-oxide ceramics for high-temperature applications. He holds a bachelor's degree from Kalyani University, India, and master's and Ph.D degrees from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. Highly decorated and widely published, Dr. Mukhopadhyay holds seven patents, serves on the editorial board of Soft Nanoscience Letters, and recently coauthored the CRC Press book Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids with Dr. Dey.
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