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El. knyga: Mid-Latitude Slope Deposits (Cover Beds)

Edited by (University of Wuerzburg/Germany, Institute of Geography and Geology), Volume editor (Professor and Chair of Physical Geography, Technical University of Dresden, Germany)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Feb-2013
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080932194
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Mid-Latitude Slope Deposits (Cover Beds)Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Feb-2013
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780080932194
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Since the 1960s the development of ideas in Germany regarding certain types of slope deposits – i.e., those covering entire slopes or major parts of them (‘cover beds’) – have taken an individual path that differed from approaches elsewhere. A facies-oriented approach led to kind of sequence-stratigraphic understanding of those deposits. Meanwhile Germany has probably more scholars focusing on this particular issue than any other country, including research and application with regard to environmental consequences of cover beds. The book aims at reviewing and summarizing the current knowledge on cover beds with a strong concentration to Central Europe, but including several regional case studies from other areas, and various merely final results but ongoing discussion. For instance, this is the first time to bring members from the major schools together to write particular chapters, forcing them to come up with either a common opinion or clear alternative views.

Slope deposits are common in any inclined relief. So-called cover beds may veil entire landscapes, in which case they are commonly overlooked or confused with soil horizons. This book focuses on these widespread deposits and discusses their properties, genesis, and age mainly in subdued mountains of Central Europe, where to date most research on the matter has been conducted. The ecological consequences of such slope deposits on soils, slope water dynamics, and slope failures are addressed. Finally, transfer of the cover-bed concept to other mid-latitude regions is attempted for the reconstruction of landscape evolution.

This unique compilation, covering several decades of a facies-oriented approach to slope-deposit research, delivers deep insight into the wide field of research on cover beds and encourages researchers all over the world to take an in-depth look at the critical zone as to its possible stratified nature.

  • Unique compilation of several decades of slope-deposit research
  • Facies-oriented approach
  • Addresses ecological consequences on soils, slope water dynamics, and slope failures

Recenzijos

"The book edited by Arno Kleber and Birgit Terhorst provides convincing evidence how interesting slope deposits and their depositional environments are; it can only be hoped that their book will play an important role in bringing this somewhat neglected topic back in focusthe book is a good reading and to include it into the series Developments in Sedimentology was an appropriate decision." --Geologos, December 2013

Daugiau informacijos

A new look at the Earth's critical zone
Contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Introduction
1(8)
A. Kleber
B. Terhorst
1.1 Scope of the Book
1(1)
1.2 Structure of the Book
2(1)
1.3 Terminology
3(3)
1.4 History of Ideas
6(1)
1.5 Cover Beds in the Context of the "Earth's Critical-Zone" Concept
7(2)
2 Subdued Mountains of Central Europe
9(86)
A. Kleber
B. Terhorst
H. Bullmann
D. Hulle
M. Leopold
S. Muller
T. Raab
D. Sauer
T. Scholten
M. Dietze
P. Felix-Henningsen
J. Heinrich
E.-D. Spies
H. Thiemeyer
2.1 Introduction
9(3)
2.2 Sedimentary Properties of Layers
12(6)
2.2.1 The Basal Layer
12(1)
2.2.2 The Intermediate Layer
13(3)
2.2.3 The Upper Layer
16(2)
2.3 Distribution and Thickness of Layers
18(6)
2.3.1 The Basal Layer
18(1)
2.3.2 The Intermediate Layer
19(1)
2.3.3 The Upper Layer
19(2)
2.3.4 Overview of the Distribution of Periglacial Cover Beds
21(3)
2.4 Classification Issues
24(8)
2.4.1 Discrimination Among Pleistocene Cover Beds
24(2)
2.4.2 Anthropogenic Layers
26(6)
2.5 Statistical Approach to Layer Properties and Distribution
32(6)
2.5.1 Approach
32(1)
2.5.2 Basal-Layer Properties
32(4)
2.5.3 Intermediate-Layer Properties
36(1)
2.5.4 Upper-Layer Properties
36(1)
2.5.5 Overall View on Statistical Results
37(1)
2.6 Genesis of Cover Beds
38(20)
2.6.1 The Basal Layer
38(2)
2.6.2 The Intermediate Layer
40(5)
2.6.3 The Upper Layer
45(4)
2.6.4 Incorporation of Substrates
49(9)
2.7 Chronology of Periglacial Cover Beds
58(13)
2.7.1 Relative-Age Criteria
58(5)
2.7.2 Numerical Dating of Periglacial Cover Beds
63(8)
2.8 Regional Differences in Cover-Bed Properties and Distribution
71(24)
2.8.1 Highest Altitudes of Subdued Mountains
71(4)
2.8.2 Rhenish Massif
75(6)
2.8.3 Carbonate Rocks of the Eastern Thuringian Basin
81(14)
3 Influence of Cover Beds on Soils
95(32)
C. Lorz
M. Fruhauf
R. Mailander
J.D. Phillips
A. Kleber
3.1 Introduction
95(2)
3.2 An Integrated Soil-Evolution Model for Lithologically Discontinuous Soil
97(2)
3.3 Pedogenesis in Cover Beds
99(4)
3.4 Consequences for Soil Properties
103(22)
3.4.1 Theory of Soil Properties in Lithologically Discontinuous Soil
103(2)
3.4.2 Physical Soil Properties
105(4)
3.4.3 Chemical Soil Properties
109(16)
3.5 Conclusions
125(2)
4 Influence of Cover Beds on Slope Hydrology
127(26)
K.-M. Moldenhauer
K. Heller
P. Chifflard
R. Hubner
A. Kleber
4.1 Introduction
127(1)
4.2 Basic Hypotheses
128(1)
4.3 Case Studies
129(23)
4.3.1 Overview
129(5)
4.3.2 Frankenwald Mountains
134(7)
4.3.3 Sauerland
141(5)
4.3.4 Erzgebirge
146(6)
4.4 Conclusions
152(1)
5 Geotechnical Properties of Cover Beds
153(18)
B. Damm
B. Terhorst
F. Ottner
5.1 Introduction
153(2)
5.2 Internal Stability of Cover Beds Derived from the "Infinite Mechanical Slope Model"
155(1)
5.3 Case Studies
156(14)
5.3.1 Stability of Cover Beds in the Flysch Zone of the Vienna Forest (Austria)
157(8)
5.3.2 Stability of Cover Beds on Early Triassic Sandstones of Southern Lower Saxony (Germany)
165(5)
5.4 Perspectives
170(1)
6 Transferring the Concept of Cover Beds
171(58)
A. Kleber
M. Leopold
C. Vonlanthen
J. Volkel
6.1 Introduction
171(1)
6.2 Basins and Lowlands of the Mid-Latitudes
172(34)
6.2.1 Northern Russian Plain
172(16)
6.2.2 Northern Great Basin, USA
188(16)
6.2.3 Konya Basin of South-Central Turkey
204(2)
6.3 High Mountains of the Mid-Latitudes
206(20)
6.3.1 European Alps
206(6)
6.3.2 Mountains of the Western USA
212(14)
6.4 Conclusions
226(3)
6.4.1 Significance of Cover Beds
226(1)
6.4.2 Cover Beds in Humid Areas
227(1)
6.4.3 Cover Beds in Semi-arid Areas
227(1)
6.4.4 Cover Beds and Elevation
228(1)
7 Relative Dating with Cover Beds
229(24)
B. Terhorst
A. Kleber
E. Bibus
7.1 Introduction
229(1)
7.2 Case study at the Swabian Jurassic Escarpment
230(8)
7.2.1 Study Area
230(1)
7.2.2 Geomorphological Setting in Landslide Areas
231(1)
7.2.3 Pedological and Sedimentological Setting in Landslide Areas
232(5)
7.2.4 Model of the Distribution of Periglacial Layers and Soils in Landslide Areas
237(1)
7.3 Case Studies in the Western USA
238(11)
7.3.1 Introduction
238(1)
7.3.2 River Terraces of Castle Valley, Southeast Utah
239(2)
7.3.3 A Case of Misleading Tephrochronology?
241(4)
7.3.4 Ice-Wedge Casts in South-Central Wyoming
245(3)
7.3.5 Moraines in the Ruby Mountains, Northeast Nevada
248(1)
7.4 Conclusions
249(4)
8 Conclusions
253(4)
A. Kleber
B. Terhorst
8.1 Takeouts of this Book
253(1)
8.2 Future Research Demands on Cover Beds
254(3)
References 257(38)
Index 295
Dr Birgit Terhorst is Professor of Physical Geography and Soil Science at the Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany. She has held various lecturing and professorship positions in institutions in soil science and geography. Dr Terhorst conducts research on geography, natural hazards and landslides, geoinformatics (GIS), geoarcheology, soil science, and quaternary research. She has over 150 publications in international journals and is supervising numerous research projects. Her completed research projects include geophysical methods for the analysis of mass movements; gravitational mass movements in Mexico under the influence of climate change and anthropogenic use; slope stability and danger zones in northern Bavaria: a study on causes, process and risk; and monitoring procedures in active landslide areas, among many others.

Arno Kleber is a Professor and Chair of Physical Geography at the Technical University of Dresden. After completing his doctorate, Arno Kleber focused his research on top layers, making the German cover layer concept internationally known and transferring the concept to other areas of the temperate zone, placing a focus on the possibilities of reconstructing past climate changes and the quantification of environmentally significant processes that are controlled by surface layers. Dr Kleber is a member of various scientific societies such as the German Soil Science Society, DEUQUA and INQUA, Geological Society of America, Soil Science Society of America and American Association for the Advancement of Science. From 2006 to 2012, Arno Kleber was spokesman for the geosciences department at the Faculty of Environmental Sciences at TU Dresden. He was also Dean of Studies for Geography from 2006 to 2016 and was therefore largely responsible for the development of geographic courses.
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