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El. knyga: Modelling Human Behaviour in Landscapes: Basic Concepts and Modelling Elements

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This volume is designed as a 12-lecture textbook, which can serve as a course companion, self teaching guide and handbook for basic concepts. Each lecture comprises 20 pages, in which the methods are introduced, examples shown and the code is given. All examples are computed with open source software, mainly R, and with archaeological data available from the book"s website.The book does not describe elaborated high-end models but rather very basic modelling concepts that serve as components in more complex models. The book enables the reader to construct such models by themselves and be sensitive for certain problems. In addition it gives hints for the interpretation of the results. Students are usually quick to apply fancy methods yet fail in the proper interpretation due to a lack of understanding of the underlying principles. This problem is addressed by the proposed book through three concepts: 1. Command line software forces the students to first learn some details before

they are able to produce results on their own.  2. The book is focused on principles and methods. When the students understand a few basic principles, they have far better access to a wide range of related methods.  3. Examples of poor analysis highlight common pitfalls. The volume attempts to be an applied, minimalistic and efficient textbook and is based upon several successful courses.

Chapter 1:Introduction and Mathematics.- Chapter 2: Theory of Modelling.- Chapter 3: Software.- Chapter 4: Density.- Chapter 5: Regression and Interpolation.- Chapter 6: Location and Characterisation.- Chapter 7: Point Pattern.- Chapter 8: Boundaries.- Chapter 9: Networks.- Chapter 10: Interaction.- Chapter 11: Perception of Landscapes.- Chapter 12: Simulations.
1 Introduction and Mathematics
1(22)
1.1 Modelling in Archaeology and Geography
1(1)
1.2 Two Cultures
2(1)
1.3 Data
3(1)
1.4 Source Criticism
4(2)
1.5 Key Terms
6(7)
1.5.1 Space
6(3)
1.5.2 Landscape
9(1)
1.5.3 Landscape Archaeology
10(3)
1.6 Mathematics
13(6)
1.6.1 Logic and Sets
13(2)
1.6.2 Linear Algebra
15(1)
1.6.3 Graph Theory
16(1)
1.6.4 Statistics and Stochastic
17(2)
1.7 Problems
19(4)
References
19(4)
2 Theory of Modelling
23(22)
2.1 Models Are Every where
23(8)
2.2 What Is a Model?
31(3)
2.3 Types of Models
34(3)
2.4 Usage of Models
37(1)
2.5 Models Between Theory and Method
37(1)
2.6 Examples
38(3)
2.7 Problems
41(4)
References
42(3)
3 Software
45(22)
3.1 Working with Command-Line Programs
45(1)
3.2 R
46(19)
3.2.1 What Is R?
46(1)
3.2.2 Using R
47(5)
3.2.3 Starting with a Script
52(6)
3.2.4 Helpful Functions, Techniques and Packages
58(7)
3.3 Problems
65(2)
References
65(2)
4 Density
67(20)
4.1 One-Dimensional Data
67(8)
4.1.1 Histogram
68(2)
4.1.2 Density
70(2)
4.1.3 Distance Between Events
72(1)
4.1.4 Time Series
73(2)
4.2 Two-Dimensional Data
75(9)
4.2.1 Kernel-Based Density
77(4)
4.2.2 Distance-Based Density
81(2)
4.2.3 Decomposition
83(1)
4.3 Problems
84(3)
References
85(2)
5 Regression and Interpolation
87(20)
5.1 Regression
87(10)
5.1.1 The Concept of Regression
87(2)
5.1.2 Linear Models
89(3)
5.1.3 Model Choice, Overriding and Decomposition
92(5)
5.2 Interpolation
97(6)
5.2.1 The Concept of Interpolation
97(2)
5.2.2 Inverse Distance Weighting
99(1)
5.2.3 Kriging
100(3)
5.3 Problems
103(4)
References
104(3)
6 Location and Characterisation
107(22)
6.1 Characterising Locations
107(9)
6.2 Predictive Modelling
116(10)
6.2.1 Inductive Models
117(8)
6.2.2 Deductive Models
125(1)
6.3 Problems
126(3)
References
126(3)
7 Point Pattern
129(20)
7.1 Point Processes
129(2)
7.2 First-Order Properties
131(4)
7.3 Second-Order Properties
135(9)
7.4 Third-Order Properties
144(1)
7.5 Problems
145(4)
References
146(3)
8 Boundaries
149(20)
8.1 Borders and Territoriality
149(2)
8.2 Boundaries of Cultural Areas
151(2)
8.3 Empirical Boundary Models
153(9)
8.4 Theoretical Boundary Models
162(4)
8.5 Problems
166(3)
References
167(2)
9 Networks
169(24)
9.1 Networks and Transportation Systems
169(2)
9.2 Supra-Regional Level
171(1)
9.3 Regional Level
172(4)
9.4 Local Level
176(12)
9.5 Characterising Elements in Networks and Networks
188(1)
9.6 Problems
189(4)
References
190(3)
10 Interaction
193(20)
10.1 Interaction
193(4)
10.1.1 Interaction as a Key Term
193(1)
10.1.2 Interaction in Different Disciplines
194(1)
10.1.3 Parameters of Interaction
195(1)
10.1.4 Measuring Interaction
196(1)
10.2 Empirical Interaction Models
197(6)
10.2.1 Indicators and Characterisations
197(1)
10.2.2 Distance Diagrams
198(5)
10.3 Theoretical Interaction Models
203(7)
10.3.1 Distance Decay Functions
203(4)
10.3.2 Gravity Models
207(3)
10.4 Problems
210(3)
References
211(2)
11 Landscape Perception
213(20)
11.1 Changing the Point of View
213(2)
11.2 Sensual Perception
215(5)
11.3 Cognitive Perception
220(11)
11.3.1 Fuzzy Categories
221(2)
11.3.2 Cognitive Maps
223(8)
11.4 Problems
231(2)
References
231(2)
12 Simulations
233(20)
12.1 Definitions and Random Numbers
233(4)
12.1.1 Definitions
233(2)
12.1.2 Random Numbers
235(2)
12.2 Spatial Simulation Examples
237(14)
12.2.1 Preliminary Considerations
237(1)
12.2.2 Point-Based Simulations
238(3)
12.2.3 Grid-Based Simulations
241(3)
12.2.4 Agent-Based Modelling (ABM)
244(7)
12.3 Problems
251(2)
References
252(1)
Index 253
Oliver Nakoinz Daniel Knitter
Daugiau apie elektronines knygas Daugiau apie elektronines knygas
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/97833192953812e.html
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