Preface |
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xv | |
About the Author |
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xxi | |
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Chapter 1 Modern Classroom Assessment |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (5) |
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Five Modern Classroom Assessment Perspectives |
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6 | (6) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 The Language of Classroom Assessment |
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15 | (20) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (5) |
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21 | (4) |
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Comparing and Contrasting Validity and Reliability |
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25 | (3) |
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Objective and Subjective Scoring |
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28 | (1) |
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Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Scoring |
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28 | (2) |
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Professional Standards and Ethics |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Basic Assessment Strategy: Categories of Learning, Objectives, and Backward Design |
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35 | (24) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (3) |
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Other Classification Systems |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Objectives, Assessment Formats, and Bloom's Taxonomy |
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42 | (2) |
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Modern Classroom Objectives |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Common Core Reading Standards for Kindergartners |
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46 | (1) |
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Common Core Mathematics Objectives (Ratios and Proportional Relationships) for 6th Graders |
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47 | (1) |
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The Politics of a Common Core |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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Identifying What Should Be Taught |
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50 | (2) |
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Determining Acceptable Evidence |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Formative Assessment |
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59 | (32) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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Defining Formative Assessment |
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61 | (2) |
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Formative vs. Summative Assessment |
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63 | (1) |
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The Role of Formative Assessment in the Modern Classroom |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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What We Know About Formative Assessment |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Kingston and Nash's Study |
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71 | (2) |
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What Formative Assessment Looks Like in the Classroom |
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73 | (1) |
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Designing Formative Assessments That Work |
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74 | (1) |
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Scoring Formative Assessments |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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How to Use Informal Formative Assessment |
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76 | (3) |
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How to Use Formal Formative Assessment |
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79 | (1) |
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How to Create a Formative Assessment Environment |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Formative Assessment With Young Children |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Summative Assessment: Traditional Paper-and-Pencil Tests |
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91 | (38) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (4) |
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Classroom Teachers' Use of Traditional Paper-and-Pencil Assessment |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Fill-in-the-Blank and Short Answer Questions |
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102 | (2) |
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What We Know About Traditional Assessment |
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104 | (4) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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Potentially Confusing Wording or Ambiguous Requirements |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Rules Addressing Test-Taking Efficiency |
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111 | (1) |
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Rules Designed to Control for Testwiseness |
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112 | (1) |
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Reliability of Traditional Assessment |
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113 | (2) |
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What Traditional Assessment Looks Like in the Classroom |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (4) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Constructed-Response Items and Scoring Rubrics |
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129 | (26) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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What Do Constructed-Response Items Look Like? |
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131 | (1) |
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A Note on the Words Knowledge, Skill, and Ability |
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132 | (1) |
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Examples of Constructed-Response Items |
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133 | (2) |
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What We Know About Constructed-Response Items |
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135 | (1) |
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Constructed-Response Items vs. Multiple-Choice Items |
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135 | (1) |
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Constructed-Response Items as Timesavers |
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136 | (1) |
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Constructed-Response Items vs. Objectively Scored Items |
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136 | (1) |
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Essay Tests and Essay Assignments |
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137 | (2) |
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Advantages of Essay Tests |
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139 | (1) |
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Disadvantages of Essay Tests |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (4) |
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Characteristics of Quality Rubrics |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (5) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Performance-Based Assessment |
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155 | (44) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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What Is Performance-Based Assessment? |
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157 | (2) |
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How and When to Use Performance-Based Assessment |
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159 | (2) |
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The Format of Performance-Based Assessment |
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161 | (1) |
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Who Uses Performance-Based Assessment? |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (3) |
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Performance-Based Assessment in the Science Classroom |
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167 | (1) |
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What Performance-Based Assessment Looks Like in the Classroom |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (11) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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Athletics and Physical Education |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (8) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (7) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Authentic Assessment |
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199 | (36) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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In Search of "Authentic" Assessment |
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201 | (4) |
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What We Know About Authentic Assessment |
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205 | (1) |
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The Case for Authentic Assessment |
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206 | (4) |
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Scoring Authentic Assessments |
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210 | (1) |
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What Authentic Assessment Looks Like in the Classroom |
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211 | (1) |
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Broad Strategies for Developing Authentic Assessments |
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212 | (3) |
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Authentic Assessment of Specific Skills |
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215 | (1) |
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Authentic Assessment of Literacy |
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216 | (2) |
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Authentic Assessment in Mathematics |
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218 | (1) |
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Authentic Assessment in Visual Arts |
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219 | (2) |
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Authentic Assessment for English Language Learners |
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221 | (3) |
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Authentic Assessment and Young Children |
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224 | (1) |
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Authenticity at the School Level |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 Universal Test Design |
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235 | (28) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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The Case for Universal Test Design |
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237 | (2) |
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Principles of Universal Design |
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239 | (6) |
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What We Know About Universal Test Design |
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245 | (1) |
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Doing a Good Job of Assessing All Students |
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246 | (2) |
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What Universal Test Design Looks Like in the Classroom |
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248 | (1) |
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Layout and Format of Universally Designed Tests |
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249 | (3) |
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Writing Universally Designed Tests |
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252 | (2) |
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Steps for Assessment Design |
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254 | (1) |
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Examples of Universally Designed Directions and Items |
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255 | (4) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Test Accommodations |
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263 | (18) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (7) |
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What We Know About Accommodations |
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270 | (1) |
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What Accommodations Look Like in the Classroom |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Understanding Scores From Classroom Assessments |
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281 | (22) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Measures of Central Tendency |
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291 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (2) |
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Working With Real Data in the Classroom |
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297 | (2) |
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Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Interpretations |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Making the Grade |
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303 | (26) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (3) |
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306 | (1) |
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Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Grading |
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306 | (2) |
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Validity and Reliability of Grading |
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308 | (4) |
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Grading and the Different Approaches to Assessment |
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312 | (1) |
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Traditional Paper-and-Pencil Assessment |
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312 | (1) |
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Performance-Based Assessment |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Talking With Parents About Grades |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
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Example 1 Secondary Level |
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317 | (1) |
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Example 2 Secondary Level |
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317 | (1) |
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Example 3 Elementary Level (from an elementary school in Chesterfield, Virginia) |
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317 | (1) |
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Example 4 Elementary Level-Math (from an elementary classroom in Walkersville, Maryland) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (8) |
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Example 1 Secondary Level (From a private, Catholic Missouri high school) |
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319 | (1) |
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Example 2 Secondary Level (from a middle school in Manassas, Virginia) |
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320 | (1) |
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Example 3 Secondary Level (from a middle school classroom in Ann Arbor, Michigan) |
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321 | (1) |
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Example 4 Elementary and Secondary Level (from a district in Tennessee) |
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322 | (1) |
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Example 5 Elementary Level (from a Walkersville, Maryland school) |
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323 | (2) |
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Example 6 Elementary level (from an elementary school in Manassas, Virginia) |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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Chapter 13 Standardized Tests |
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329 | (24) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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What Is a Standardized Test? |
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330 | (2) |
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How Standardized Tests Are Built |
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332 | (3) |
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Validity and Reliability of Standardized Tests |
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335 | (1) |
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Interpreting Standardized Test Scores |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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Other Standardized Scores |
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342 | (1) |
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Talking to Parents About Standardized Test Scores |
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342 | (2) |
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Statewide Standardized Tests |
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344 | (1) |
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Kansas State Assessment (KSA) |
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344 | (1) |
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New York State Testing Program (NYSTP) |
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345 | (1) |
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California Standards Test (CST) |
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346 | (1) |
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Ethics of Preparing Students for Standardized Tests |
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347 | (3) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (2) |
Glossary |
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353 | (4) |
Index |
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357 | |