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Modern Europe 1789-1989 [Kietas viršelis]

(Naujas leidimas: 9780582494053)
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A History of Europe - H.G. Koenigsberger & Asa Briggs "Modern Europe 1789-1989" is the third and final volume of a major illustrated history of Europe from the collapse of the Roman Empire to modern times. Jointly planned by H.G. Koenigsberger and Asa Briggs, the sequence is designed for upper school, college and university students, and for the general reader. The first two parts - "Medieval Europe 400-1500" and "Early Modern Europe 1500-1789" - were contributed by Professor Koenigsberger; now this eagerly awaited survey of Europe from the French Revolution to the disintegration of the Soviet Empire, in which Asa Briggs has been joined as co-author by Dr Patricia Clavin, completes the series in fine style. While the authors do full justice to the narrative of big events that have shaped the Europe that we see today, they also reach deep below the political surface to examine how European society and culture have influenced, or been influenced by, these developments. They trace the emergence, from the French Revolution onwards, of a distinctive sense of Europe and Europeanness. At the same time they explore the growth and impact of the new phenomenon of the nation state - one of nineteenth-century Europe's most powerful, and problematic, legacies to our own time. But they go further: alongside these continent-wide and national perspectives, they also explore the development of modern Europe from a regional point of view, within and across the boundaries of her nation-states. This is particularly valuable given the increasing economic and political significance of the European regions today. Similarly, the authors reflect new post-Soviet realities in giving the same attention to the foundations of modern eastern Europe as they do to the more familiar story of the west. Throughout, Britain is treated as an integral part of the European mainstream. Narrative and analysis - national, regional or local - are enriched and enlivened throughout by a wealth of evidence "from below". This is not just the official history of constitutions, institutions and ruling elites. The authors are alive throughout to the varied fortunes of Europe's diverse peoples and classes - rich and poor, urban and rural, young and old - and, not least, to the changing impact of gender on the ways of life available to them. The product of a lively collaboration between one of Britain's most distinguished senior historians and a notable new voice from the younger generation of scholars, "Modern Europe" is attractively written and richly illustrated. Both text and illustrations draw on a wide rage of sources, from state archives, published memoirs and heroic paintings to private letters, oral testimony, picture postcards, cartoons and songs. The result is a hugely engaging book with all the energy and enthusiasm that we have come to expect of one of history's most masterly communicators. Asa Briggs (Lord Briggs of Lewes) was Vice Chancellor of the University of Sussex (1967-1976), Provost of Worcester College, Oxford (1976-1991) and Chancellor of the Open University (1978-1995). Patricia Clavin is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Keele.
List of Maps
x(1)
List of Plates
xi(4)
Preface xv(3)
Acknowledgements xviii
Chapter 1 Revolution and Empire: Experience and Impact, 1789-1815
1(47)
Change and revolution: old and new
1(8)
Long-term: short-term
9(3)
'The' Revolution
12(9)
Revolution, war and 'the terror'
21(7)
From war to Napoleon and through Napoleon to peace
28(14)
Social accounting: gains and losses
42(6)
Chapter 2: Order and Movement, 1815-1848
48(44)
Restoration: idea or reality?
48(2)
The task of restoration
50(2)
The settlement
52(6)
The `Congress System'
58(4)
Signs of change
62(5)
The revolutions of 1830: challenging the status quo
67(3)
Nation and class
70(5)
Facts and dreams
75(10)
The springtime of liberty: the dawn of the revolutions of 1848
85(7)
Chapter 3 Nation Building, 1848-1878
92(49)
The lessons of 1848
92(1)
The dynamics of class
93(8)
The interplay of nationalisms
101(4)
The role of force
105(3)
Diplomacy and war
108(4)
Italian unification
112(8)
German unification
120(7)
1870 and beyond
127(5)
Nations and empires
132(9)
Chapter 4 Rivalry and Interdependence, 1871-1914
141(34)
'The causes of war'
141(3)
The Bismarckian alliance system
144(7)
The politics of empire
151(6)
World interdependence
157(6)
From crises to war
163(12)
Chapter 5 Classicism, Romanticism, Victorianism, Modernity
175(42)
Cultural change
175(5)
Classicism and neo-classicism
180(2)
Romanticism
182(8)
Science
190(3)
Positivism and liberalism
193(9)
Victorianism
202(7)
Modernity
209(8)
Chapter 6 A European Civil War, 1914-1918
217(38)
The dawn of 'total war'
218(5)
The course of the war
223(2)
Men in trenches
225(3)
War at sea
228(1)
Why continue to fight?
229(2)
The Church and war
231(1)
The United States enters the war
232(1)
Governments at war
233(2)
Society at war
235(3)
Women at war
238(4)
Political change
242(3)
Russia in revolution
245(4)
Peace and civil war
249(1)
The 'creation' of Poland
250(2)
Writers and the war
252(3)
Chapter 7 A New Order? 1919-1929
255(39)
The 'price' of war
255(2)
The Paris Peace Conference
257(1)
Germany and the Treaty of Versailles
258(3)
Reparations and war debts
261(2)
The League of Nations
263(2)
The settlement in central and eastern Europe
265(6)
Russian civil war and Peace, 1918-21
271(4)
Revolutions in Germany and Hungary, 1918-19
275(2)
The Surviving empires: Britain and France
277(2)
Italy: the first casualty, 1919-24
279(4)
Danger signs: western Europe, 1920-24
283(4)
Danger signs: eastern Europe, 1920-28
287(3)
A semblance of stability, 1925-28
290(2)
A stability built on fragile foundations, 1929
292(2)
Chapter 8 Guns and Butter, 1929-1939
294(34)
Causes of the depression
295(2)
The European slump, 1929-36
297(3)
The international and national responses, 1929-36
300(4)
Depression and democracy
304(2)
The collapse of Weimar, 1930-33
306(4)
The case of Sweden
310(1)
France, 1932-38
311(1)
Civil war in Spain
312(3)
Eastern Europe, 1929-38
315(2)
Communism and fascism, 1933-41
317(2)
Nazism, 1933-41
319(4)
Stalinism, 1927-41
323(5)
Chapter 9 From European to World War, 1933-1945
328(49)
The Axis powers
329(2)
The policy of appeasement
331(2)
The western powers, 1933-39
333(2)
The Munich crisis, 1938
335(2)
The British Empire and Hitler, 1933-39
337(1)
The economics of appeasement
338(2)
The final crisis: Poland, 1939
340(2)
The course of the war, 1939-41
342(3)
War in the west, 1940
345(1)
From the Battle of Britain to the Battle of the Balkans, 1940-41
346(3)
The 'Desert War'1940-41
349(1)
Peace for some, 1939-41
350(2)
The turning point, 1941-42
352(3)
The Home Front
355(4)
Women at war
359(3)
The fall and rise of `great powers'
362(1)
Resistence in the Axis countries
363(1)
Participation and resistance in occupied Europe
364(3)
Intellectual and spiritual resistance
367(3)
Allies on the offensive, 1943-45
370(3)
Allied relations, 1943-45
373(4)
Chapter 10 Freezing and Thawing in Postwar Europe, 1945-1989
377(36)
The damage of war
377(1)
A river of refugees
378(3)
The legacy of resistance and collaboration
381(2)
The origins of the Cold War: the view from the West, 1945-47
383(3)
The view from the East, 1944-46
386(4)
The Marshall plan, 1947
390(1)
Czechoslovakia, 1948
391(1)
The Berlin blockade, 1948-49
391(1)
An end to diversity: eastern Europe, 1948-50
392(2)
Nationalism and communism, 1948-56
394(1)
Stalinization, 1948-53
394(3)
The death of Stalin and de-Stalinization, 1953-56
397(3)
The Cold War and the wider world, 1949-62
400(2)
Reforms in the Soviet Union, 1957-64
402(1)
`Reform' communism in Eastern Europe, 1957-68
403(1)
The Cold War' up in the air', 1957-69
404(2)
Stagnation and senility in the USSR, 1964-85
406(1)
Gorbachev's 'Perestroika' and the crisis of communism
407(2)
Eastern Europe: reform and decline, 1968-89
409(1)
The 'revolutions' of Eastern Europe, 1989
410(3)
Chapter 11 Reconstructing Europe, 1945-1991
413(36)
Britain's postwar concensus, 1945-51
413(2)
Western Europe, 1945-57
415(3)
NATO, 1947-55
418(4)
Decolonization, 1946-62
422(2)
Economic miracles, 1949-68
424(1)
Germany, 1949-68
425(2)
Beginnings of a European Union, 1945-51
427(3)
Institutions of the Cold War
430(1)
France, 1960-68
431(1)
Italy, 1951-65
432(1)
Britain, 1951-65
433(2)
Recovery in 'little' Europe
435(1)
The Treaty of Rome and after
435(2)
Into the Sobering 'seventies', 1968-75
437(4)
Democracy in southern Europe, 1975-79
441(1)
Western Europe, 1979-89
442(2)
'Co-existence' in the Cold War, 1972-89
444(1)
Towards a new Europe?
445(4)
Chapter 12 A Great Mutation? The End of History?
449(25)
The need for perspective
449(5)
The sense of a century
454(5)
'Modern' and 'post-modern'
459(6)
Ten discontinuities
465(9)
Bibliographical Essay 474(17)
Index 491