Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

El. knyga: Modifications of Einstein's Theory of Gravity at Large Distances

Edited by
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Lecture Notes in Physics 892
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-Nov-2014
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319100708
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Modifications of Einstein's Theory of Gravity at Large DistancesDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Lecture Notes in Physics 892
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-Nov-2014
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319100708
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

DRM apribojimai

  • Kopijuoti:

    neleidžiama

  • Spausdinti:

    neleidžiama

  • El. knygos naudojimas:

    Skaitmeninių teisių valdymas (DRM)
    Leidykla pateikė šią knygą šifruota forma, o tai reiškia, kad norint ją atrakinti ir perskaityti reikia įdiegti nemokamą programinę įrangą. Norint skaityti šią el. knygą, turite susikurti Adobe ID . Daugiau informacijos  čia. El. knygą galima atsisiųsti į 6 įrenginius (vienas vartotojas su tuo pačiu Adobe ID).

    Reikalinga programinė įranga
    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą mobiliajame įrenginyje (telefone ar planšetiniame kompiuteryje), turite įdiegti šią nemokamą programėlę: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą asmeniniame arba „Mac“ kompiuteryje, Jums reikalinga  Adobe Digital Editions “ (tai nemokama programa, specialiai sukurta el. knygoms. Tai nėra tas pats, kas „Adobe Reader“, kurią tikriausiai jau turite savo kompiuteryje.)

    Negalite skaityti šios el. knygos naudodami „Amazon Kindle“.

In the last few years modified gravity theories have been proposed as extensions of Einstein"s theory of gravity. Their main motivation is to explain the latest cosmological and astrophysical data on dark energy and dark matter. The study of general relativity at small scales has already produced important results (cf e.g. LNP 863 Quantum Gravity and Quantum Cosmology) while its study at large scales is challenging because recent and upcoming observational results will provide important information on the validity of these modified theories.In this volume, various aspects of modified gravity at large scales will be discussed: high-curvature gravity theories; general scalar-tensor theories; Galileon theories and their cosmological applications; F(R) gravity theories; massive, new massive and topologically massive gravity; Chern-Simons modifications of general relativity (including holographic variants) and higher-spin gravity theories, to name but a few of the most important rece

nt developments.Edited and authored by leading researchers in the field and cast into the form of a multi-author textbook at postgraduate level, this volume will be of benefit to all postgraduate students and newcomers from neighboring disciplines wishing to find a comprehensive guide for their future research.

Part I Modification of GR: General Scalar-Tensor Theories.- Gravity and Scalar Fields.- Cosmological Perturbations in the Most General Scalar-Tensor Theories l- Introduction to the Horndeski and the Galileon Theories.- Horndeski Theory and Cosmological Constant.- Part II Massive Gravity.- Introduction to Massive Gravity.- New Massive Gravity.- Topologically Massive Gravity.- Introduction to the Vainshtein Mechanism.- Black Hole Solutions in Massive Gravity.- Cosmological Applications of Massive Gravity.- Part III Other Modifications.- High Curvature Gravity Theories.- Higher Spin Theories.- Higher Spin Black Holes.- Introduction to Chern-Simons Theories.- Holographic Chern-Simons Theories.- Beyond Supergravity in AdS/CFT.- Holographic Perfect Fluidity, TMG and Gravitational Duality.- Patr IV Overview.- Modified Gravity: an Overview.
Part I Modification of General Relativity: General Scalar-Tensor Theories
1 Gravity and Scalar Fields
3(22)
Thomas P. Sotiriou
1.1 Introduction
3(2)
1.2 General Relativity and Beyond
5(5)
1.2.1 General Relativity: Basic Assumptions and Uniqueness
5(2)
1.2.2 Less Assumptions Means More Degrees of Freedom!
7(2)
1.2.3 Taming the Extra Degrees of Freedom
9(1)
1.3 Scalar-Tensor Gravity
10(7)
1.3.1 The Prototype: Brans--Dicke Theory
10(2)
1.3.2 Scalar-Tensor Theories
12(1)
1.3.3 Hiding the Scalar Field, Part I
13(3)
1.3.4 The Horndeski Action
16(1)
1.3.5 Hiding the Scalar Field, Part II
17(1)
1.4 Scalar-Tensor Gravity in Disguise
17(3)
1.4.1 f(R) Gravity
18(1)
1.4.2 Horava Gravity
19(1)
1.5 Scalar Fields Around Black Holes
20(5)
Conclusions
22(1)
References
23(2)
2 From Lovelock to Horndeski's Generalized Scalar Tensor Theory
25(32)
Christos Charmousis
2.1 Introduction
25(4)
2.2 The Lovelock and Horndeski Uniqueness Theorems
29(6)
2.2.1 Lovelock Theory
29(3)
2.2.2 Horndeski Theory
32(3)
2.3 Seeking Exact Solutions in Lovelock Theory
35(6)
2.4 From Lovelock to Horndeski Theory: Kaluza-Klein Reduction
41(5)
2.5 Self-tuning and the Fab 4
46(11)
Conclusions
53(1)
References
54(3)
3 Modified Gravity and Coupled Quintessence
57(40)
Christof Wetterich
3.1 Introduction
57(2)
3.2 Basic Setting
59(2)
3.3 Weyl Scaling
61(2)
3.4 Brans-Dicke Cosmology
63(2)
3.5 Scalar Tensor Models
65(4)
3.6 Slow Freeze Universe
69(4)
3.7 Modified Gravity with ƒ(R)
73(6)
3.8 ƒ(R)-Gravity with Varying Particle Masses
79(5)
3.9 Non-local Gravity
84(2)
3.10 Higher Derivative Modified Gravity with Second Order Field Equations
86(11)
Conclusions
89(2)
References
91(6)
4 The Effective Field Theory of Inflation/Dark Energy and the Horndeski Theory
97(42)
Shinji Tsujikawa
4.1 Introduction
97(3)
4.2 The General Gravitational Action in Unitary Gauge and the Background Equations of Motion
100(5)
4.3 Second-Order Action for Cosmological Perturbations
105(4)
4.4 Inflationary Power Spectra
109(4)
4.5 Horndeski Theory
113(8)
4.5.1 The Lagrangian of Horndeski Theory
113(3)
4.5.2 Horndeski Lagrangian in Terms of ADM Variables
116(2)
4.5.3 Conditions for the Avoidance of Ghosts and Laplacian Instabilities
118(2)
4.5.4 Primordial Power Spectra in k-Inflation
120(1)
4.6 Horndeski Theory in the Language of EFT
121(3)
4.7 Application to Dark Energy
124(15)
4.7.1 Background Equations of Motion
125(1)
4.7.2 Matter Density Perturbations and Effective Gravitational Couplings
126(4)
4.7.3 Growth of Matter Perturbations
130(2)
Conclusions
132(1)
References
133(6)
Part II Massive Gravity
5 Introduction to Massive Gravity
139(22)
Claudia de Rham
5.1 Gravitational Waves and Degrees of Freedom
139(3)
5.1.1 Polarizations
139(2)
5.1.2 Implications of the BD Ghost
141(1)
5.2 Consistent Modifications of Gravity From Extra Dimensions
142(4)
5.2.1 DBI--Galileon
142(2)
5.2.2 Massive Gravity
144(2)
5.3 Deconstruction and Massive Gravity
146(5)
5.3.1 Gauge-Fixing
146(1)
5.3.2 From 5d Gravity to 4d Multi-Gravity
147(1)
5.3.3 Generalized Mass Term
148(1)
5.3.4 Strong Coupling Scale
149(1)
5.3.5 Bi-Gravity
150(1)
5.3.6 Massive Gravity
150(1)
5.4 Absence of Boulware--Deser Ghost
151(3)
5.4.1 ADM Language
151(1)
5.4.2 Decoupling Limit
152(2)
5.5 Vainshtein Mechanism
154(4)
5.5.1 Redressed Coupling
155(1)
5.5.2 Superluminalities
156(2)
5.6 Summary and Outlook
158(3)
References
158(3)
6 Hairy Black Holes in Theories with Massive Gravitons
161(20)
Mikhail S. Volkov
6.1 Black Holes and the No-Hair Conjecture
161(2)
6.2 Theories with Massive Gravitons
163(1)
6.3 Ghost-Free Bigravity
164(3)
6.4 Proportional Backgrounds
167(1)
6.5 Solutions with Non-Bidiagonal Metrics
168(3)
6.5.1 Imposing the Consistency Condition
170(1)
6.6 Hairy Black Holes, Lumps, and Stars
171(4)
6.7 Black Hole Stability and New Hairy Black Holes
175(6)
Concluding Remarks
177(1)
References
177(4)
7 Chern--Simons-Like Gravity Theories
181(22)
Eric A. Bergshoeff
Olaf Hohm
Wout Merbis
Alasdair J. Routh
Paul K. Townsend
7.1 Introduction: CS-Like Gravity Theories
181(3)
7.2 Hamiltonian Analysis
184(5)
7.2.1 Poisson Brackets and the Primary Constraints
184(3)
7.2.2 Secondary Constraints
187(2)
7.3 Specific Examples
189(14)
7.3.1 Einstein-Cartan Gravity
189(1)
7.3.2 General Massive Gravity
190(2)
7.3.3 Zwei-Dreibein Gravity
192(6)
7.3.4 General Zwei-Dreibein Gravity
198(2)
Conclusions
200(1)
References
201(2)
8 Cosmological Applications of Massive Gravity
203(24)
Andrew J. Tolley
8.1 Introduction and Motivations
203(5)
8.1.1 DGP: The Quintessential IR Modification
204(2)
8.1.2 IR Modifications of Gravity
206(2)
8.2 Ghost-Free Massive Gravity
208(4)
8.2.1 The Model
208(2)
8.2.2 Decoupling Limit Cosmology
210(2)
8.3 Cosmology of Massive Gravity
212(9)
8.3.1 A No-Go and Ways Out
212(4)
8.3.2 Extensions
216(5)
8.4 Summary
221(6)
References
221(6)
Part III Further Modifications at Large Distances
9 Higher-Spin Theory and Space-Time Metamorphoses
227(38)
M.A. Vasiliev
9.1 Introduction
227(1)
9.2 Lower-Spin Global Symmetries
228(1)
9.3 Local Symmetries
229(2)
9.3.1 Yang--Mills Fields
230(1)
9.3.2 Einstein--Cartan Gravity and Supergravity
230(1)
9.3.3 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
231(1)
9.4 General Properties of HS Theory
231(3)
9.4.1 Fronsdal Fields
232(1)
9.4.2 No-Go and the Role of (A)dS
232(1)
9.4.3 HS Symmetries Versus Riemannian Geometry
233(1)
9.4.4 HS Gauge Theory, Quantum Gravity and String Theory
234(1)
9.4.5 HS AdS/CFT Correspondence
234(1)
9.5 Global HS Symmetry: Idea of Construction
234(3)
9.5.1 Auxiliary Problem
235(1)
9.5.2 Massless Scalar Field Unfolded
236(1)
9.5.3 Any d
237(1)
9.6 Conformal HS Algebra in D = 3
237(3)
9.6.1 3d Multispinors
237(1)
9.6.2 Spinorial Form of 3d Massless Equations
238(1)
9.6.3 3d HS symmetry
9.6.4 Weyl Algebra and Star Product
239(1)
9.7 HS Symmetry in AdS4
240(3)
9.7.1 Spinor Language in Four Dimension
240(1)
9.7.2 AdS4 HS Algebra
241(2)
9.8 Free HS Fields in Four Dimension
243(2)
9.8.1 Vacuum Solution
243(2)
9.9 Nonlinear Higher-Spin Theory
245(6)
9.9.1 Idea of Construction
245(2)
9.9.2 HS Star Product
247(1)
9.9.3 The Full Nonlinear System
248(2)
9.9.4 Properties of HS Interactions
250(1)
9.10 Unfolded Dynamics
251(2)
9.10.1 General Setup
251(2)
9.10.2 Properties
253(1)
9.11 Space-Time Metamorphoses
253(6)
9.11.1 AdS4/CFT3 HS Holography
254(2)
9.11.2 sp(8) Invariant Setup
256(3)
9.12 HS Theory and Quantum Mechanics
259(1)
9.13 To String Theory via Multiparticle Symmetry
260(5)
Summary and Conclusion
260(2)
References
262(3)
10 Higher Spin Black Holes
265(24)
Alfredo Perez
David Tempo
Ricardo Troncoso
10.1 Introduction
265(2)
10.2 Basic Aspects and Hamiltonian Formulation of Chern--Simons Theories in Three Dimensions
267(2)
10.3 General Relativity with Negative Cosmological Constant in Three Dimensions
269(4)
10.3.1 Brown--Henneaux Boundary Conditions
270(1)
10.3.2 BTZ Black Hole and Its Thermodynamics
271(2)
10.4 Higher Spin Gravity in 3D
273(8)
10.4.1 Asymptotic Conditions with W3 Symmetries
275(2)
10.4.2 Higher Spin Black Hole Proposal and Its Thermodynamics
277(4)
10.5 Solving the Puzzles: Asymptotic Conditions Revisited and Different Classes of Black Holes
281(8)
References
284(5)
11 Chern--Simons Forms and Gravitation Theory
289(22)
Jorge Zanelli
11.1 Introduction
289(1)
11.2 Chern--Simons Forms in Physics
290(5)
11.2.1 Construction of CS Forms
291(2)
11.2.2 Gravitation and Diffeomorphism Invariance
293(2)
11.2.3 Lorentz Transformations
295(1)
11.3 First Order Gravity
295(4)
11.3.1 The Vielbein
296(1)
11.3.2 The Lorentz Connection
297(1)
11.3.3 Lorentz Invariant Tensors
297(1)
11.3.4 Curvature
298(1)
11.3.5 Torsion
298(1)
11.3.6 Bianchi Identities
299(1)
11.4 Gravity Actions
299(9)
11.4.1 Lorentz-Invariant Lagrangians
300(1)
11.4.2 Lovelock Theories
301(1)
11.4.3 Torsional Series
302(1)
11.4.4 Chern--Simons Series
303(1)
11.4.5 Dynamical Content of Lovelock Theory
303(2)
11.4.6 Euler-CS Forms and the Extension of Lorentz Symmetry
305(3)
11.5 Summary
308(3)
References
309(2)
12 Holographic Chern--Simons Theories
311(20)
H. Afshar
A. Bagchi
S. Detournay
D. Grumiller
S. Prohazka
M. Riegler
12.1 Introduction
311(2)
12.2 Anti-de Sitter Holography
313(6)
12.2.1 Conformal Chern--Simons Gravity
314(4)
12.2.2 Higher Spin Theories
318(1)
12.3 Lobachevsky Holography
319(3)
12.4 Flat Space Holography
322(9)
12.4.1 Introduction to Three-Dimensional Quantum Gravity in AdS
322(2)
12.4.2 Flat Space Chiral Gravity
324(3)
References
327(4)
13 Gravitational Duality, Topologically Massive Gravity and Holographic Fluids
331(38)
P. Marios Petropoulos
13.1 Introduction
331(2)
13.2 The Ancestor of Holography
333(6)
13.2.1 Curvature Decomposition and Self-Duality
333(3)
13.2.2 The Filling-In Problem
336(1)
13.2.3 A Concrete Example
337(2)
13.3 Weyl Self-Duality from the Boundary
339(6)
13.3.1 The Fefferman--Graham Expansion
340(2)
13.3.2 Self-Duality and Its Lorentzian Extension
342(3)
13.4 Application to Holographic Fluids
345(13)
13.4.1 Fluids at Equilibrium in Papapetrou--Randers Backgrounds
346(5)
13.4.2 Perfect-Cotton Geometries and Their Bulk Ascendants
351(7)
13.5 Monopolar Boundaries and Topologically Massive Gravity
358(1)
13.6 Outlook
359(10)
Appendix 1 On Vector-Field Congruences
361(1)
Appendix 2 Papapetrou--Randers Backgrounds and Aligned Fluids
362(2)
References
364(5)
14 Beyond Supergravity in AdS-CFT: An Application to Jet Quenching
369(44)
Diana Vaman
14.1 A Brief Introduction and Overview
369(8)
14.2 Basic Framework and the Jets We Study
377(7)
14.2.1 Notation
378(1)
14.2.2 Review of λ=∞ Results
379(4)
14.2.3 Determining the Importance of Corrections
383(1)
14.2.4 The Choice of Source Operator
383(1)
14.3 The R4 Correction
384(6)
14.3.1 R4 Term in the Ten-Dimensional Supergravity Action
385(1)
14.3.2 The φ Equation of Motion
385(1)
14.3.3 The WKB Approximation and the Point-Particle Approximation
386(2)
14.3.4 The Relative Importance of the C4 Correction
388(2)
14.4 The D2n R4 Corrections
390(4)
14.4.1 Review: 4-Point String Amplitude
390(2)
14.4.2 Factors of α' QQ
392(1)
14.4.3 The Dominant Factors
393(1)
14.5 Higher Powers of Curvature
394(1)
14.6 Discussion of 1/λ Expansion and Reasons for Its Failure
395(3)
14.7 The Penrose Limit
398(3)
14.8 Quantizing the Falling Closed String
401(8)
14.8.1 Overview
401(2)
14.8.2 Solution of the Time-Dependent Harmonic Oscillators
403(5)
14.8.3 The Size of the String at Late Times
408(1)
14.9 Discussion
409(4)
Appendix 1 What Happens for Z >> z*? 413(1)
Appendix 2 Why (14.46) Cannot Precisely Determine Δlstop 414(1)
Appendix 3 Other Higher-Derivative Terms 415(2)
Appendix 4 Large ξ Behavior of C(ξ) 417(1)
Appendix 5 A Back-of-the-Envelope Estimate 418(2)
Appendix 6 Checking the Penrose Limit: Details 420(3)
References 423(2)
Index 425
Daugiau apie elektronines knygas Daugiau apie elektronines knygas
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/97833191007082e.html
Raktažodžiai: